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Mistakes
Kinds of Mistakes Selected AbstractsESTIMATING HARMFUL EFFECTS OF CANNABIS AND USE FOR POLICY MAKERS SHIFTING FROM ONE MISTAKE TO THE NEXT?ADDICTION, Issue 8 2010HANS-ULRICH WITTCHEN No abstract is available for this article. [source] When Auditors Err: How Mistake Significance and Superiors' Historical Reactions Influence Auditors' Likelihood to Admit a MistakeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDITING, Issue 1 2010Chad Stefaniak The procedures performed by staff auditors are a critical component of the audit process, and mistakes in these procedures could jeopardize opinions if they are not communicated. While professional standards instruct auditors to report their errors, auditors have incentives to withhold information about mistakes because they are protective of their professional images. These conflicting pressures are examined by investigating the effects of mistake significance and superiors' historical reactions to mistake admissions on the likelihood that staff auditors will admit mistakes. We find an interaction suggesting that staff auditors are more likely to admit errors when their superiors have reacted positively, regardless of error significance. Conversely, staff auditors are less likely to admit apparently insignificant errors when their superiors have reacted negatively to prior mistakes. [source] Rapes Without Rapists: Consent and Reasonable MistakeNOUS, Issue 2001Douglas N. Husak First page of article [source] Is It a Mistake to Develop a Totally Implantable Blood Pump for Destination Therapy?ARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 2 2005PhD Professor, Yukihiko Nosé MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Bcl-2 Antagonist HA14-1 Forms a Fluorescent Albumin Complex that Can Be Mistaken for Several Oxidized ROS ProbesPHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2008David Kessel The proapoptotic effects of the Bcl-2 antagonist HA14-1 are believed to derive from its affinity for the hydrophobic groove on Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, thereby displacing proapoptotic factors, e.g. Bax and Bak. We have reported that HA14-1 promotes the efficacy of low-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT). A recent report proposed that the proapoptotic activity of HA14-1 reflects its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) when incubated in an aqueous environment. This later study, like several other HA14-1 investigations, relied on the use of fluorescent probes for ROS detection. We found that HA14-1 reacts with the albumin in serum to yield a fluorescent product. After correcting for this effect, the putative formation of ROS by HA14-1 could not be demonstrated with the fluorescent probes H2DCFDA, dihydroethidium or dihydrorhodamine. Indeed, the fluorescence excitation/emission spectra of HA14-1 encompassed the excitation/emission wavelengths used to detect these ROS probes. Cells cultured in a medium supplemented with ovalbumin, instead of serum, underwent apoptosis following HA14-1 addition, but did not exhibit fluorescence. Hence, HA14-1 fluorescence was unrelated to its proapoptotic activity. We conclude that the enhancement of PDT by HA14-1 reflects a pharmacologic effect, rather than its direct contribution of ROS. [source] Mistakes, misunderstandings and controversies in diabetes: A review and personal accountJOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION, Issue 3 2010Carl Erik Mogensen Abstract A number of controversies in diabetes have had too little attention. I discuss the following issues: (i) drug therapy; (ii) genetics; (iii) antihypertensive treatment in patients with normoalbuminuria and with abnormal albuminuria; (iv) insulin analogs; (v) cancer in diabetes; (vi) hypophysectomy; (vii) renal biopsy; (viii) low protein diet; and (ix) glycated hemoglobin. A closer look at these items is required in order to have a more realistic picture of diabetes research. A scheme of other controversies is also provided. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00012.x, 2010) [source] Toward a Theory of Self-Reconciliation Following Mistakes in Nursing PracticeJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 2 2007Nancy J. Crigger Purpose: To explore nurses' responses to making mistakes in hospital-based practice in the US. Methods: A grounded theory approach was used to explore the process that occurs after nurses perceive that they have made mistakes in practice. Theoretical sampling was used and data were collected until saturation occurred. Ten participants, who were registered nurses, described 17 personal mistakes. The mistakes they described occurred in hospitals. All participants were practicing nursing either in hospitals or in other work settings. Findings: A process of "Self-Reconciliation After Making Mistakes in Hospital Practice" was identified, with four distinct categories: reality hitting, weighing in, acting, and reconciling. The core category was reconciliation of the self, personally and professionally. Conclusions: This research was a first step toward the development of a theory of mistake making in nursing practice. This response to making mistakes is consistent with previous research and is related to cognitive dissonance theory. The responses to mistakes varied from less healthy responses of blaming and silence to healthier responses that included disclosure, apologizing, and making amends. Further research to develop the theory and to determine helpful interventions is suggested. [source] The Juvenile Drug Court Judge and Lawyer: Four Common Mistakes in Treating Drug Court AdolescentsJUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL, Issue 4 2000C.A.C., MICHAEL D. CLARK M.S.W. ABSTRACT This article will present information gleaned from anecdotal experience of existing juvenile drug treatment courts regarding several common mistakes often made by those new to the drug court. The mistakes discussed include: 1) Believing the work and role responsibilities in a traditional juvenile court will not change significantly when entering a juvenile drug court; 2) Citing the elimination of drug and alcohol use as a final outcome goal when developing the mission statement for a juvenile drug court; 3) Believing that a juvenile drug court ensures accountability by keeping a close eye on participants and setting immediate consequences for any break in program rules; 4) Using vicarious learning to "teach a lesson",making an example of an individual participant who has broken program rules in front of the large group. The goal of this article is not only to raise caution to these pitfalls, but also to help incoming judges and lawyers become aware of the changes that working in a juvenile drug court will demand. [source] Learning from One's Mistakes: Epistemic Modesty and the Nature of BeliefPACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2001Simon J. Evnine First page of article [source] Why Smart Companies Do Dumb Things: Avoiding Eight Common Mistakes in New Product Development by Calvin L. HodockPERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Article first published online: 4 FEB 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Estimation of a Cusp Model to Describe the Adoption of Word for Windows,THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2004Rense Lange This article revisits earlier work in this journal by Paul Herbig (1991) that proposed a catastrophe model of industrial product adoption under certain conditions. Catastrophe models are useful for modeling situations where organizations can exhibit both smooth and abrupt adoption behavior. It extends Herbig's work by focusing on organizations' adoption of new products when network externalities are an important part of the decision process, and it presents an empirical estimation of the model. Network externalities occur when firms do not want to adopt a new innovation or product unless other firms do. The reason is that they do not want to end up with an innovation that ends up not being a standard of some sort. Mistakes of this nature can be costly as the firm must invest twice and loses time relative to competitors who have not made such a mistake. However, when such externalities exist, for example with regard to technological adoptions, then normal diffusion gives way to sudden discontinuous shifts as all firms seemingly act together an move to a new technology. Since, technology is an area where the authors expect network externalities to exist, that is the focus of this article. The specific application is developed from two sets of panel data on the organizational adoptions of Microsoft's (MS) Word for Windows software by organizations that previously were using either Word for DOS or Word for Macintosh (Mac). The theoretical framework for the analysis is based on work in the economics literature on network externalities. However, the organization and new product development catastrophe model comes primarily from Herbig (1991). The article focuses on an area of organizational adoption where relatively little empirical research has been done, namely organizational adoption "for use." Longitudinal data provided by Techtel Corporation is used to develop the estimations. Results of the empirical analysis are consistent with the theoretical framework suggested in Herbig's article and in those found in economics and catastrophe theory literatures. This lends clear support to the idea that organizations will adopt a bandwagon-type behavior when network externalities are present. It further suggests that in such markets, the standard S-shaped diffusion curve is not an appropriate model for examining organizational behavior. From a managerial perspective, it means that buyers and sellers may face nonstandard diffusion curves. Instead of S-shaped curves, the actual curves have a break or rift where sales end, and there is a sudden shift to a new product that is relatively high very early on. Clearly, for new product development (NPD), it suggest that organizations' "for-use" purchases may be similar to regular consumers and may change rapidly from one product to another almost instantly, as in the case of the switch from vinyl records to compact discs (CDs). From an old product seller's viewpoint, the market is here today and gone tomorrow, while for the new seller it is a sudden deluge of sales requests. To put it in more everyday terms, sudden changes in adoption behavior are a September 11-type experience for the market. It is the day the world changes. [source] Mistakes Were Made by You, Me, and EveryoneANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES & PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2008Article first published online: 18 MAR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Technical Mistakes during the Acquisition of the ElectrocardiogramANNALS OF NONINVASIVE ELECTROCARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Javier García-Niebla R.N. In addition to knowledge of normal and pathological patterns, the correct interpretation of electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings requires the use of acquisition procedures according to approved standards. Most manuals on standard electrocardiography devote little attention to inadequate ECG recordings. In this article, we present the most frequent ECG patterns resulting from errors in limb and precordial lead placement, artifacts in 12-lead ECG as well as inadequate filter application; we also review alternative systems to the standard ECG, which may help minimize errors. [source] Not Very Material but Hardly Immaterial: China's Bombed Embassy and Sino-American Relations,FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS, Issue 1 2010Gregory J. Moore In 1999 Sino-American relations experienced intense strain as a result of NATO's Kosovo intervention, and in particular by the bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade by an American B-2 bomber. Why did the bombing of China's embassy in Belgrade in the spring of 1999 touch such a raw nerve among the Chinese people and leadership? With the coming of the tenth anniversary of these events, what still needs to be explained is how Chinese and Americans could draw such divergent conclusions about that which they've never disagreed on,the incontestable fact of the embassy's demolition,and how the fact that what Americans called "a mistake" could almost completely derail Sino-American relations, which President Clinton in his very successful visit to China a year before had called a "strategic partnership." Based on a series of semistructured interviews the author did in Beijing and Washington with 28 Chinese and 30 American experts, this research draws a number of important conclusions in this regard. First, intensifying and even defining the conflict were a number of important perceptual gaps. Second, given the dispute over the intentionality of the embassy bombing, the conflict boiled down not to clashing interests, per se, but rather to issues of trust and beliefs about motives and intentions. Third, poor handling of the embassy bombing by both governments deepened the conflict and the alienation both sides felt. Fourth, underlying the lack of trust and the perceptual gaps between the two sides was "Fundamental Attribution Error." [source] A novel mutation in the GATA4 gene in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot,,HUMAN MUTATION, Issue 3 2006Georges Nemer Abstract In vertebrates, heart formation which integrates different structures and cell types is a complex process that involves a network of genes regulated by transcription factors. Proper spatiotemporal expression of these factors ensure the highly needed tight control of each step in organogenesis. A mistake at any step from cell-commitment to valve formation will have a major impact on heart morphogenesis and function leading to congenital heart disease (CHD). Cardiac abnormalities occur with an incidence of one per 100 live births and represent 25% of all congenital malformations. As an alternative approach to linkage-analysis of familial cases of CHD, we started screening familial and sporadic cases of CHDs in a highly consanguineous population for mutations in genes encoding cardiac-enriched transcription factors. The evolutionarily conserved role of these proteins in cardiac development suggested a role in CHD. In this study, we report a mutation in the gene encoding GATA4, one of the earliest markers of heart development. This mutation was found in two out of 26 patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and in none of the 94 patients with different phenotypes included in the study, nor in 223 healthy individuals. The heterozygous mutation results in an amino acid substitution in the first zinc finger of GATA4 that reduced its transcriptional activation of downstream target genes, without affecting GATA4 ability to bind DNA, nor its interaction with ZFPM2. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Alternation of Chemoselective Control in Stille,Heck and Heck,Stille Reaction SequencesADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 7-8 2009Kye-Simeon Masters The communication by Kye-Simeon Masters and Bernard L. Flynn in Issue 4, 2009, pp. 530,536 (DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800678), should have appeared in this issue dedicated to Professor Armin de Meijere. It was published in Issue 4, 2009, by mistake. On the title page, below the received and publication dates, the following dedication should appear: "Dedicated to Professor Armin de Meijere on the occasion of his 70th birthday." The editorial office apologizes for this mistake. [source] Across the EU Studies,New Regionalism Frontier: Invitation to a DialogueJCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 4 2010ALEX WARLEIGH-LACK This article notes a lack of communication between two broad schools of scholarship on regional integration: EU studies and analyses of the ,new regionalism'. It is argued that the existence of this divide, which is perpetrated by proponents of both schools, is an impediment to the elaboration of useful theory as well as being a missed opportunity. The benefits and problems of using the EU as a comparator in studies of regionalism are assessed. While the mistake of giving the EU analytical primacy as a benchmark or model is to be avoided, it is argued that careful treatment of accumulated insights from EU studies (including a proper re-inspection of classical integration theory) brings clear methodological and meta-theoretical benefits for the project of comparative regional integration scholarship. [source] Are forecasters reluctant to revise their predictions?JOURNAL OF FORECASTING, Issue 6 2006Some German evidence Abstract People are reluctant to admit mistakes. This could also be true of economic forecasters. If revisions of past forecasts are costly, then it will become optimal for forecasters to only partially adjust a past forecast in the light of new information. The unwillingness to admit to the mistake in the old forecast generates a bias of the new forecast in the direction of the old forecast. We test this hypothesis for the joint predictions of the Association of German Economic Research Institutes over the last 35 years. We find some evidence for such a bias and compute the implied unwillingness to revise forecasts.,,Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Sovereignty, Exception, and NormJOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 1 2007Andrew Norris Carl Schmitt's Political Theology is the locus classicus of contemporary discussions of sovereignty. I argue that Schmitt's conception of sovereignty is excessively metaphysical and that it posits an incoherent 'sovereign' ability to decide what shall count as normal. Schmitt follows and radicalizes the late Bodin's claims , themselves the product of a political theology, namely, Bodin 's conversion to Judaism , regarding the necessity of an indivisible and absolute sovereignty. In each, the relation between the executive and the other parts of government is reduced to what Schmitt describes as an ,either/or.' This move is a disastrous mistake. The question is not whether exceptions and emergencies such as terrorist attacks are real, but to what extent the executive branch can rightly claim a monopoly on the ability to determine whether an exception exists, and whether its resulting actions will be permanently unchecked and unregulated. Recent work by Bruce Ackerman is a better guide in these matters than the metaphysics of either Schmitt or Bodin. [source] Support needs of children's nurses involved in child protection casesJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 6 2009VICKI ROWSE MA Aim, This qualitative study explored the experiences of nurses working in a hospital paediatric department, who had direct involvement in child protection cases, to discover their support needs and suggest developments in training and support. Background, The study was inspired by an awareness of increasing anxiety amongst nurses involved in child protection cases. Method, A phenomenological approach was used with fifteen nurses during semi-structured interviews, which were taped, transcribed and analysed thematically. Results, Involvement in child protection has a lasting impact; nurses need procedural information from a knowledgeable supporter during a case; and, they need individualized support. The personal qualities of the Named Nurse for Safeguarding Children were crucial. Conclusions, Involvement in child protection cases has lasting effects for individuals. The emotions generated can lead to interagency and inter-professional communication difficulties and affect the future management of child protection by individuals. Seeking support can be hampered by individuals' fear of ridicule or of making a mistake. Implications for nursing management, This study has implications for the training of children's nurses in child protection procedures, and the provision of appropriate effective support for individuals. The long-term effects of involvement are previously unreported by nurses. [source] PROFESSION AND SOCIETY: Recovered Medical Error InventoryJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 3 2010DNSc, Patricia C. Dykes RN Abstract Purpose: To describe the development and psychometric testing of the Recovered Medical Error Inventory (RMEI). Design and Methods: Content analysis of structured interviews with expert critical care registered nurses (CCRNs) was used to empirically derive a 25-item RMEI. The RMEI was pilot tested with 345 CCRNs. The data set was randomly divided to use the first half for reliability testing and the second half for validation. A principal components analysis with Varimax rotation was conducted. Cronbach's alpha values were examined. A t test and Pearson correlation were used to compare scores of the two samples. Findings: The RMEI consists of 25 items and two subscales. Evidence for initial reliability includes a total scale alpha of .9 and subscale alpha coefficients of .88 (mistake) and .75 (poor judgment). Conclusions: The RMEI subscales have satisfactory internal consistency reliability and evidence for construct validity. Additional testing is warranted. Clinical Relevance: A tool to measure CCRNs' experiences with recovering medical errors allows quantification of nurse surveillance in promoting safe care and preventing unreimbursed hospital costs for treating nosocomial events. [source] Toward a Theory of Self-Reconciliation Following Mistakes in Nursing PracticeJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 2 2007Nancy J. Crigger Purpose: To explore nurses' responses to making mistakes in hospital-based practice in the US. Methods: A grounded theory approach was used to explore the process that occurs after nurses perceive that they have made mistakes in practice. Theoretical sampling was used and data were collected until saturation occurred. Ten participants, who were registered nurses, described 17 personal mistakes. The mistakes they described occurred in hospitals. All participants were practicing nursing either in hospitals or in other work settings. Findings: A process of "Self-Reconciliation After Making Mistakes in Hospital Practice" was identified, with four distinct categories: reality hitting, weighing in, acting, and reconciling. The core category was reconciliation of the self, personally and professionally. Conclusions: This research was a first step toward the development of a theory of mistake making in nursing practice. This response to making mistakes is consistent with previous research and is related to cognitive dissonance theory. The responses to mistakes varied from less healthy responses of blaming and silence to healthier responses that included disclosure, apologizing, and making amends. Further research to develop the theory and to determine helpful interventions is suggested. [source] The Credentials of Brain-Based LearningJOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION, Issue 1 2004Andrew Davis This paper discusses the current fashion for brain-based learning, in which value-laden claims about learning are grounded in neurophysiology. It argues that brain science cannot have the ,authority' about learning that some seek to give it. It goes on to discuss whether the claim that brain science is relevant to learning involves a category mistake. The heart of the paper tries to show how the contribution of brain science to our grasp of the nature of learning is limited in principle. Finally the paper explores the potential of brain science to illuminate specific learning disabilities. [source] ICTs adoption and knowledge management: the case of an e-procurement systemKNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 1 2007Silvia Massa The purpose of the research is to articulate a framework for analysing the effects of e-procurement adoption in terms of knowledge management. Starting from this position, a case study in a leader firm in electronics devices was developed and a consolidated knowledge perspective was adopted. Empirical evidence confirms that it is not information and communication technology itself that can provide positive or negative effects on organizations but how the technology is used in conjunction with complementary human resources. In fact, according to the case study, two different phases emerged in the e-procurement (EP) adoption. Both are characterized by the same technology but different behaviours that determined very different results. While the framework can be applied to read EP development in several contexts, it would be a mistake to generalize the results from this example. While multiple informants from different hierarchical levels, triangulation using different types of data sources and a systematic data analysis serve to attenuate many of the problems with reliability, generalizability remains more of an issue. Finally, it is worth noting that studying adoption of inter-organizational systems-like EP systems are, has proved to be, difficult because such systems span the company boundaries. Consequently, future developments will aim at broadening the research along the entire supply chain. The proposed framework could be a useful tool to check an EP project in progress and to motivate the involved actors by suggesting a means to interpret how the project is impacting on organization, keeping in mind that effects on KM anticipate improvements in traditional procurement performances. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] In Defense of Asbestos Tort Litigation: Rethinking Legal Process Analysis in a World of Uncertainty, Second Bests, and Shared Policy-Making ResponsibilityLAW & SOCIAL INQUIRY, Issue 1 2009Jeb Barnes A central question in American policy making is when should courts address complex policy issues, as opposed to defer to other forums? Legal process analysis offers a standard answer. It holds that judges should act when adjudication offers advantages over other modes of social ordering such as contracts, legislation, or agency rule making. From this vantage, the decision to use common law adjudication to address a sprawling public health crisis was a terrible mistake, as asbestos litigation has come to represent the very worst of mass tort litigation. This article questions this view, arguing that legal process analysis distorts the institutional choices underlying the American policy-making process. Indeed, once one considers informational and political constraints, as well as how the branches of government can fruitfully share policy-making functions, the asbestos litigation seems a reasonable and, in some ways, exemplary, use of judicial power. [source] Doctrine and fairness in the law of contract*LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 4 2009Andrew Phang This paper explores, through illustrations from the law of contract, the important central theme to the effect that the rules and principles, which constitute the doctrine of the law, are not ends in themselves but are, rather, the means through which the courts arrive at substantively fair outcomes in the cases before them. The paper focuses on the concept of ,radicalism', which relates to the point at which the courts decide that it is legally permissible to hold that a contract should come to an end because a radical or fundamental ,legal tipping point' has not only been arrived at but has, in fact, been crossed. It explores the role of this concept as embodied in the doctrines of frustration, common mistake, discharge by breach, as well as fundamental breach in the context of exception clauses , in particular, how ,radicalism' with regard to these doctrines can be viewed from the (integrated) perspectives of structure, linkage and fairness. The paper also touches briefly on linkages amongst the doctrines of economic duress, undue influence and unconscionability, as well as the ultimate aim these doctrines share of achieving fair outcomes in the cases concerned. [source] Effect of the two-wall-stitch mistake upon patency of rat femoral vein anastomosis: Preliminary observationsMICROSURGERY, Issue 4 2004Marco Pignatti M.D. Anastomotic patency is believed to be the most important factor in microvascular surgery. The two-wall stitch is a technical error commonly considered to cause thrombosis of the anastomosis, especially on the venous side. In order to demonstrate the real effect on vein patency of the two-wall stitch, the authors performed a standardized mistake after correct microanastomosis on the femoral vein of 15 rats, with one stitch passing through the whole thickness of the two walls of the vein. Traditional correct anastomoses on the contralateral side were used as controls. Patency was assessed at 5, 20, and 60 min and at 24 h by the milking test, and by direct section of the vessel at 24 h. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the two techniques. Histological examination confirmed the clinical judgment about the vessel's patency, and ultrastructural microscopy evidenced only mild signs of endothelial activation. In conclusion, this study indicates that the occasional two-wall stitch does not necessarily increase the risk of venous occlusion in anastomoses of the rat femoral vein. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Creative Destruction, Economic Insecurity, Stress, and Epidemic ObesityAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Jon D. Wisman The percentage of Americans who are obese has doubled since 1980. Most attempts to explain this "obesity epidemic" have been found inadequate, including the "Big Two" (the increased availability of inexpensive food and the decline of physical exertion). This article explores the possibility that the obesity epidemic is substantially due to growing insecurity, stress, and a sense of powerlessness in modern society where high-sugar and high-fat foods are increasingly omnipresent. Those suffering these conditions may suffer less control over other domains of their lives. Insecurity and stress have been found to increase the desire for high-fat and high-sugar foods. After exploring the evidence of a link between stress and obesity, the increasing pace of capitalism's creative destruction and its generation of greater insecurity and stress are addressed. The article ends with reflections on how epidemic obesity is symptomatic of a social mistake,the seeking of maximum efficiency and economic growth even in societies where the fundamental problem of material security has been solved. I confess I am not charmed with the ideal of life held out by those who think that the normal state of human beings is that of struggling to get on; that the trampling, crushing, elbowing, and treading on each other's heels, which form the existing type of social life, are the most desirable lot of humankind, or anything but the disagreeable symptoms of one of the phases of industrial progress. (Mill 1848: 748) Thus we have been expressly evolved by nature,with all our impulses and deepest instincts,for the purpose of solving the economic problem ["the struggle for subsistence"]. If the economic problem is solved, mankind will be deprived of its traditional purpose . . . Will this be a benefit? If one believes at all in the real values of life, the prospect at least opens up the possibility of benefit. Yet I think with dread of the readjustment of the habits and instincts of the ordinary man, bred into him for countless generations, which he may be asked to discard within a few decades. (Keynes 1932: 366) [source] SALES MAXIMIZATION AND PROFIT MAXIMIZATION: A NOTE ON THE DECISION OF A SALES MAXIMIZER TO THE INCREASE OF PER UNIT COSTPACIFIC ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 5 2007Ke Li A common mistake in currently used textbooks is pointed out, and a new proposition is proposed for replacing a false statement there. [source] Emotivism and Deflationary TruthPACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2002Kyle S. Swan The paper investigates different ways to understand the claim that non,cognitivists theories of morality are incoherent. According to the claim, this is so because, on one theory of truth, non,cognitivists are not able to deny objective truth to moral judgments without taking a substantive normative position. I argue that emotivism is not self,defeating in this way. The charge of incoherence actually only amounts to a claim that emotivism is incompatible with deflationary truth, but this claim is based upon a mistake. It relies upon a problematic understanding of both emotivism and the deflationary theory of truth. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||