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Minority Youth (minority + youth)
Selected AbstractsAdolescent Homosexuality and Culturally Competent NursingNURSING FORUM, Issue 3 2000Leslie G. Dootson Nursing is striving for cultural competency. Cultural competency includes the ability to deliver care to disenfranchised and marginalized people. The adolescent gay, lesbian, or bisexual person is at risk for violence, disease, harassment, and problems with identity development. Ethnic/minority youth who are also gay, lesbian, and bisexual suffer from prejudice and disenfranchisement within their ethnic community as well as in the dominant white culture. Healthcare workers exhibit homophobia and heterosexism in the delivery of care to patients. Nursing needs to evaluate its own values and prejudices and incorporate sexual orientation into culturally valid tools of assessment to provide competent care. [source] Ethnicity and Image: Correlates of Crowd Affiliation Among Ethnic Minority YouthCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2008B. Bradford Brown Because ethnicity is a basis for defining peer crowds in ethnically diverse American high schools, some may question whether crowds foster discrimination and stereotyping or affirm minority youths' positive ties to their ethnic background. Through examination of both self- and peer ratings of crowd affiliation among 2,465 high school youth aged 14,19 years, this study assesses the likelihood that African American, Asian American, Latino, and multiethnic adolescents are associated with ethnically defined crowds. Crowd affiliations are related to friendship patterns among all groups, positive features of ethnic orientation for Asian and Latino youth, but also some aspects of stereotyping and discrimination for Latinos. Results emphasize ethnic diversity in the role that peer crowds play in minority adolescents' social experiences. [source] Facilitating police,minority youth attitude change: The effects of cooperation within a competitive context and exposure to typical exemplarsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Dana Rabois Previous community programs have been unsuccessful in changing youths' attitudes toward police, and have thus far not addressed police attitudes toward youth. In this pilot study, police (n = 26) competed together with minority youths (n = 51) on heterogeneous basketball teams. Pre- and postintervention attitudes toward youths/officers and posttest attitudes toward team members were examined. Police reported positive ratings of out-group team members, and demonstrated a positive shift in attitude toward minority youth in general. Generalization of positive attitude was more likely when officers perceived their team members as typical exemplars of minority youth. Minority youths did not show a significant improvement in attitude toward police but reported favorable attitudes toward team members. Results suggest that a short-term competitive tournament exposing individuals to typical exemplars may be effective for addressing hostile police attitudes toward minority youths. A controlled study is recommended to replicate and expand on our findings. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] The Impact of Multiple Dimensions of Ethnic Identity on Discrimination and Adolescents' Self-EsteesJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 11 2003Andrea J. Romero The rejection-identification model is investigated with multiple dimensions of ethnic identity in a sample of Mexican American youth. It is hypothesized that more perceived discrimination will be associated with higher ethnic identity in general, but that the multiple dimensions of ethnic identity will be associated differentially with discrimination. Higher perceived discrimination will be associated with more ethnic exploration and less ethnic affirmation. Self-report questionnaires were completed by middle school students of Mexican descent (N= 881). Based on structural equation modeling, the data were found to fit the rejection-identification model (p < .05). Higher discrimination was associated with lower ethnic affirmation (p < .05) and lower ethnic exploration (p < .05). Post hoc analyses indicated a significant interaction between discrimination and ethnic affirmation (p < .01) such that youth with high ethnic affirmation who experienced high discrimination still reported high self-esteem. The findings are discussed in the context of understanding methods of coping with prejudice and discrimination that will enhance the mental well-being of minority youth. [source] Facilitating police,minority youth attitude change: The effects of cooperation within a competitive context and exposure to typical exemplarsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Dana Rabois Previous community programs have been unsuccessful in changing youths' attitudes toward police, and have thus far not addressed police attitudes toward youth. In this pilot study, police (n = 26) competed together with minority youths (n = 51) on heterogeneous basketball teams. Pre- and postintervention attitudes toward youths/officers and posttest attitudes toward team members were examined. Police reported positive ratings of out-group team members, and demonstrated a positive shift in attitude toward minority youth in general. Generalization of positive attitude was more likely when officers perceived their team members as typical exemplars of minority youth. Minority youths did not show a significant improvement in attitude toward police but reported favorable attitudes toward team members. Results suggest that a short-term competitive tournament exposing individuals to typical exemplars may be effective for addressing hostile police attitudes toward minority youths. A controlled study is recommended to replicate and expand on our findings. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Ten Ways to Reduce Detention PopulationJUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL, Issue 1 2001JUDGE LINDSAY G. ARTHUR ABSTRACT "Juvenile detention is regularly overlooked, maligned, and misunderstood. Its embattled condition is best described as severely abused and neglected. It is underfunded, understaffed, crowded and largely ignored."1 "Detention caseloads increased 38 percent between 1987 and 1996. The increase in the number of delinquency cases handled by the courts has driven the growth in the number of juveniles in the detention system. In 1987, 1.2 million delinquency cases were disposed of in juvenile courts. By 1996, this number had risen 49 percent, to almost 1.8 million. This increase in the volume of juveniles in the justice system resulted in a 38 percent increase in the number of delinquency cases that involved the use of detention. The number of juvenile delinquency cases detained in 1996 was 89,000 more than in 1987. This has resulted in increased demand for juvenile detention bed space across the country."2 "Changes in statutes allowing more detainable offenses have significantly increased the number of youths admitted to regional detention centers."3 "Although minority youth constituted about 32 percent of the youth population in the country in 1995, they represented 68 percent of the juvenile population in secure detention,4 [source] Promoting ecologic health resilience for minority youth: Enhancing health care access through the school health centerPSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 3 2003Caroline C.C. Clauss-Ehlers Ethnic minority youth experience problems in access to healthcare, yet little is known about how to enhance utilization. This article will discuss the demographic realities of children of color in the United States, with a focus on health care needs and access issues that have an enormous influence on health status. The article will consider health policy as it describes the considerable barriers to quality health care for minority youth such as a lack of a usual source of care and limited health insurance. An ecologic model is presented that incorporates cultural values and community structures into the school health center. Enhancing access and utilization through the school setting is viewed as promoting ecologic resilience in youth. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 265,278, 2003. [source] Update: Health Insurance and Utilization of Care Among Rural AdolescentsTHE JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 4 2005Janice C. Probst PhD ABSTRACT: Context: Adolescence is critical for the development of adult health habits. Disparities between rural and urban adolescents and between minority and white youth can have life-long consequences. Purpose: To compare health insurance coverage and ambulatory care contacts between rural minority adolescents and white and urban adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional design using data from the 1999,2000 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative sample of US households. Analysis was restricted to white, black, and Hispanic children aged 12 through 17 (8,503 observations). Outcome measures included health insurance, ambulatory visit within past year, usual source of care (USOC), and well visit within past year. Independent variables included race, residence, demographics, facilitating/enabling characteristics, and need. Results: Across races, rural adolescents were as likely to have insurance (86.8% vs 87.7%) but less likely to report a preventive visit (60.1% vs 65.5%) than urban children; residence did not affect the likelihood of a visit or a USOC. Minority rural adolescents were less likely than whites to be insured, report a visit, or have a USOC. Most race-based differences were not significant in multivariate analysis holding constant living situation, caretaker education, income, and insurance. Low caretaker English fluency, limited almost exclusively to Hispanics, was an impediment to all outcomes. Conclusions: Most barriers to care among rural and minority youth are attributable to factors originating outside the health care system, such as language, living situation, caretaker education, and income. A combination of outreach activities and programs to enhance rural schools and economic opportunities will be needed to improve coverage and utilization among adolescents. [source] Racial Identity and Academic Attainment Among African American AdolescentsCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2003Tabbye M. Chavous In this study, the relationships between racial identity and academic outcomes for African American adolescents were explored. In examining race beliefs, the study differentiated among (a) importance of race (centrality), (b) group affect (private regard), and (c) perceptions of societal beliefs (public regard) among 606 African American 17-year-old adolescents. Using cluster analysis, profiles of racial identity variables were created, and these profile groups were related to educational beliefs, performance, and later attainment (high school completion and college attendance). Results indicated cluster differences across study outcomes. Also, the relationships between academic attitudes and academic attainment differed across groups. Finally, the paper includes a discussion on the need to consider variation in how minority youth think about group membership in better understanding their academic development. [source] Facilitating police,minority youth attitude change: The effects of cooperation within a competitive context and exposure to typical exemplarsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Dana Rabois Previous community programs have been unsuccessful in changing youths' attitudes toward police, and have thus far not addressed police attitudes toward youth. In this pilot study, police (n = 26) competed together with minority youths (n = 51) on heterogeneous basketball teams. Pre- and postintervention attitudes toward youths/officers and posttest attitudes toward team members were examined. Police reported positive ratings of out-group team members, and demonstrated a positive shift in attitude toward minority youth in general. Generalization of positive attitude was more likely when officers perceived their team members as typical exemplars of minority youth. Minority youths did not show a significant improvement in attitude toward police but reported favorable attitudes toward team members. Results suggest that a short-term competitive tournament exposing individuals to typical exemplars may be effective for addressing hostile police attitudes toward minority youths. A controlled study is recommended to replicate and expand on our findings. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Influences on Detention Decisions in the Juvenile Justice SystemJUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL, Issue 1 2002BRIAN F. O'NEILL MSW, PH.D. ABSTRACT This paper examines the pretrial detention of juveniles in County X located in a northeastern state. The sample (N=642) included Black, White, and Hispanic males and females adjudicated delinquent in the summer of 2000. The following independent variables were analyzed with respect to the dependent variable of pretrial detention: age, sex, address, race, current offense (misdemeanors, violent misdemeanors, felonies, violent felonies, and probation violations), prior offense (misdemeanors, violent misdemeanors, felonies, and violent felonies), and previous dispositions (community or placement). Several variables were found to be significant in increasing the odds of pretrial detention: probation violations, prior misdemeanors, prior residential placements, prior community interventions, age, sex, urban address, felonies, prior violent misdemeanors, and prior violent felonies. It was expected that minority youths would be more likely to be detained, but race was only significant in the absence of the variable of address. Urban youths were more likely to be detained resulting in an over-representation of minorities in detention, since most of the minority population resides in the urban area. Also included is supplemental material based on interviews with defense lawyers, judges, masters, and juvenile probation officers. [source] Ethnicity, educational attainment and the transition from schoolTHE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 3 2004Steve Bradley Differences between ethnic groups in educational attainment and transition from school are investigated using pooled cross-sectional data for the period 1992,98 obtained from the Youth Cohort Studies, School Performance Tables and the Schools' Census. After controlling for family background, peer group, schooling and neighbourhood, ethnic minority youths (except for Afro-Caribbeans) perform substantially better in national exams than whites. Staying on is influenced by prior educational attainment, peer group, schooling and ethnic origin. Non-whites are more likely to stay on and less likely to enter the labour market. The results vary between boys and girls. [source] | |||||||||||||