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Selected AbstractsCURRICULUM GUIDE FOR RESEARCH ETHICS WORKSHOPS FOR COUNTRIES IN THE MIDDLE EASTDEVELOPING WORLD BIOETHICS, Issue 2 2010HENRY SILVERMAN ABSTRACT To help ensure the ethical conduct of research, many have recommended educational efforts in research ethics to investigators and members of research ethics committees (RECs). One type of education activity involves multi-day workshops in research ethics. To be effective, such workshops should contain the appropriate content and teaching techniques geared towards the learning styles of the targeted audiences. To ensure consistency in content and quality, we describe the development of a curriculum guide, core competencies and associated learning objectives and activities to help educators organize research ethics workshops in their respective institutions. The curriculum guide is divided into modular units to enable planners to develop workshops of different lengths and choose content materials that match the needs, abilities, and prior experiences of the target audiences. The content material in the curriculum guide is relevant for audiences in the Middle East, because individuals from the Middle East who participated in a Certificate Program in research ethics selected and developed the training materials (e.g., articles, powerpoint slides, case studies, protocols). Also, many of the activities incorporate active-learning methods, consisting of group work activities analyzing case studies and reviewing protocols. The development of such a workshop training curriculum guide represents a sustainable educational resource to enhance research ethics capacity in the Middle East. [source] In vitro evaluation of porous poly(L -lactic acid) scaffold reinforced by chitin fibersJOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009Xiaoming Li Abstract In this study, the previously reported porous three-dimensional poly(L -lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds reinforced by the chitin fibers (PLLA/CF) with and without the link were evaluated in vitro. Firstly, pH value of the phosphate buffered saline lixiviums of the PLLA/CF with different content of the chitin fibers was measured to get an appropriate content of the chitin fibers in the PLLA/CF. Then, the cell functions (attachment, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase per unit cell, total protein per unit cell, and osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin gene expression) of human osteoblast-like cells (SaOS2) cultured on the PLLA/CF with the link, PLLA/CF without the link and PLLA scaffold were compared. The results showed that the link treatment did not significantly influence the pH value of the lixiviums of the scaffolds, 30% volume content might be an appropriate content of the chitin fibers in PLLA/CF scaffold to keep the pH value of the lixiviums of the scaffolds between 7.0 and 7.2 during the lixiviation time of 16 weeks, the PLLA/CF scaffold was significantly better for the attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of the osteoblast than PLLA, the link treatment did not significantly influence these cells activities, which further suggested that PLLA/CF with the link treatment might be an appropriate scaffold for tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009 [source] Using Technology to Teach Health: A Collaborative Pilot Project in AlabamaJOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 10 2002Brian F. Geiger ABSTRACT: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified six adolescent risk behaviors that contribute to chronic diseases and disorders, including poor dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, and abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. This project pilot-tested a "train-the-trainer" model to diffuse an interactive health education software program into Alabama middle schools during a school year. Developmentally appropriate content included nutrition, physical activity, and prevention of substance use. Twenty-four site facilitators selected from 18 public school systems trained 364 colleagues and 2,249 students to use the software. During a school year, facilitators created 150 student assignments; they reported increased interest among students in health instruction. An essential feature of the project involved an active partnership among the funder, state department of education, university, and public schools. Planners provided technical assistance through face-to-face interaction, distance learning, telephone and e-mail communications, and a Web site. Planners and facilitators worked together to overcome barriers to the use of technology for health instruction. [source] Risk factors of Hong Kong Chinese patients with coronary heart diseaseJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 7 2007Sek Ying Chair RN Aims and objectives., The aims of the study were to describe the level of modifiable coronary risk factors and to explore the relationships among these risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. Background., Appropriate patient education and therapies for coronary risk reduction will prevent recurrent cardiac events and progression of coronary heart disease. Therefore, having knowledge of the risk profile of these patients is essential so that appropriate contents and focus of patient educations can be developed. Methods., Coronary heart disease patients admitted for cardiac catheterization at the two studied hospitals in Hong Kong were recruited for this study. Demographic date and risk factors of blood pressure, smoking status, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and exercise level were collected from subjects as well as from medical records for analysis. Results., The body mass index was significantly different among non-smoker, ex-smoker and smoker (p = 0·027). Non-smokers had the highest body mass index but smokers had the lowest body mass index among the three groups in this study. Physical inactivity, overweight and hypercholesterolaemia were the risk factors seen in about 50% of the studied subjects. Body mass index correlated positively with systolic blood pressure but negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hour of exercise. Conclusions., Heavier subjects had a higher systolic blood pressure but a lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Heavier subjects also exercised less. The study results provided additional information on the database of the risk profile among Hong Kong cardiac patients. Relevance to clinical practice., Hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, abnormal serum lipid levels and smoking are the modifiable risk factors for coronary heart diseases. As physical inactivity, overweight and hypercholesterolaemia were found in half of the studied subjects, the importance of risk factors control should be addressed to this group of patients. Nurses should be aware of their educator role to provide appropriate education to coronary heart disease patients with the focus on reducing and controlling of cardiac risk factors, which has been shown to be effective in reducing the progress of disease. [source] | ||||||||||