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Migration Regime (migration + regime)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	60%

Selected Abstracts

International Migration Policies: 1950-2000

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 6 2001
Reginald Appleyard
Policies on international migration since the Second World War reflect the enormous changes in economic, social and political situations around the world. The implications of changes in the volume and composition of international migration have increasingly become an issue of major concern to governments in all countries. Following emigration from Europe to countries of the New World as a result of war-damaged economies, reconstruction witnessed high demand for migrant labour, mainly from parts of southern Europe. But by the early 1970s, decline in economic growth, unexpected impacts of the guest-worker scheme, and an increase in refugees from Third World countries led, in due course, to an era of restriction on entry of asylum-seekers and tighter controls over undocumented migration to developed countries. A "new era" evolved during the 1990s, characterized by growing interdependence of major economic powers. Globalization led not only to a significant demand for highly-skilled and professional workers, but also to decision-making on some aspects of the migration process being transferred from the national to the regional level, and an increase in the influence of multinational corporations. The globalization process, and the growing influence of international trade regimes, may well represent the first steps towards a new "international migration regime" that incorporates all types of migration. [source]

Numerical simulations of type III planetary migration , I. Disc model and convergence tests

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 1 2008
A. Pepli
ABSTRACT We investigate the fast (type III) migration regime of high-mass protoplanets orbiting in protoplanetary discs. This type of migration is dominated by corotational torques. We study the details of flow structure in the planet's vicinity, the dependence of migration rate on the adopted disc model and the numerical convergence of models (independence of certain numerical parameters such as gravitational softening). We use two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with adaptive mesh refinement, based on the flash code with improved time-stepping scheme. We perform global disc simulations with sufficient resolution close to the planet, which is allowed to freely move throughout the grid. We employ a new type of equation of state in which the gas temperature depends on both the distance to the star and planet, and a simplified correction for self-gravity of the circumplanetary gas. We find that the migration rate in the type III migration regime depends strongly on the gas dynamics inside the Hill sphere (Roche lobe of the planet) which, in turn, is sensitive to the aspect ratio of the circumplanetary disc. Furthermore, corrections due to the gas self-gravity are necessary to reduce numerical artefacts that act against rapid planet migration. Reliable numerical studies of type III migration thus require consideration of both the thermal and the self-gravity corrections, as well as a sufficient spatial resolution and the calculation of disc,planet attraction both inside and outside the Hill sphere. With this proviso, we find type III migration to be a robust mode of migration, astrophysically promising because of a speed much faster than in the previously studied modes of migration. [source]

On the Move: International Migration in Southeast Asia since the 1980s

HISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2007
Amarjit Kaur
Migration has been a persistent theme in Southeast Asian labour history and migrants have been either permanent settlers or temporary residents. In the second half of the nineteenth-century migration coincided with European expansion into the region and was linked to economic development and labour market needs. Borders were porous, there was an empire-wide sourcing of labour, and migration regimes were relatively stable. Since the 1980s migration has predominantly comprised intra-Southeast Asian labour flows, is mediated by institutions and involves formal and informal channels. It has resulted in risks for specific categories of migrants and more stringent border controls by the state. Increasing global interdependence nevertheless, has created the conditions for international governance, and consequently, national policies are being shaped by, and respond to, the expanding global governance regime. Crucially, major international organisations such as the United Nations and its ancillary bodies both inform and direct themes in research and directions for policy. [source]

Anthropological Perspectives on the Trafficking of Women for Sexual Exploitation

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 1 2004
Lynellyn D. Long
Contemporary trafficking operations transform traditional bride wealth and marriage exchanges (prestations) by treating women's sexuality and bodies as commodities to be bought and sold (and exchanged again) in various Western capitals and Internet spaces. Such operations are also global with respect to scale, range, speed, diversity, and flexibility. Propelling many trafficking exchanges are political economic processes, which increase the trafficking of women in times of stress, such as famine, unemployment, economic transition, and so forth. However, the disparity between the global market operations, which organize trafficking, and the late nineteenth century social/public welfare system of counter-trafficking suggests why the latter do not effectively address women's risks and may even expose them to increased levels of violence and stress. Drawing on historical accounts, anthropological theory, and ethnographic work in Viet Nam and Bosnia and Herzegovina, this essay examines how specific cultural practices embedded in family and kinship relations encourage and rationalize sexual trafficking of girls and young women in times of stress and dislocation. The essay also analyses how technologies of power inform both trafficking and counter-trafficking operations in terms of controlling women's bodies, sexuality, health, labour, and migration. By analysing sexual trafficking as a cultural phenomenon in its own right, such an analysis seeks to inform and address the specific situations of girls and young women, who suffer greatly from the current migration regimes. [source]