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Microstructure
Kinds of Microstructure Terms modified by Microstructure Selected AbstractsIN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CHINESE TARTARY BUCKWHEAT PROTEIN FRACTIONS: THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF THEIR HYDROLYSATESJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2006XIAONA GUO ABSTRACT Our previous study showed that in vitro pepsin digestibility of Chinese tartary buckwheat protein was relatively low compared to those of other edible seeds. In vitro pepsin digestibilities of four protein fractions of tartary buckwheat, microstructure and molecular weight (MW) distributions of hydrolysates were investigated. In vitro pepsin digestion assay showed that the digestibilities of tartary buckwheat protein fractions were albumin (81.20%), globulin (79.56%), prolamin (66.99%) and glutelin (58.09%). Scanning electron microscopy showed that albumin and globulin fractions were digested by pitting from the outer surface to the inner part and were more digestible, while prolamin and glutelin fractions resisted digestion because only the outer surfaces of their protein bodies were digested and the interior was protected. MW distribution of the hydrolysates from the four protein fractions was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The hydrolysates of albumin mainly consisted of polypeptides with lower MW. The hydrolysates of glutelin had larger polypeptides together with small and medium-sized peptide fractions. [source] EXTRACTION YIELD OF SOLUBLE PROTEIN AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF SOYBEAN AFFECTED BY MICROWAVE HEATINGJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 4 2006IL CHOI ABSTRACT A laboratory-scale microwave (MW)-assisted extraction system was constructed and compared with a conventional shaking water bath regarding the extraction of soluble proteins in soybeans. Dynamic reaction was monitored by response surface methodology in the MW-assisted extraction system. The yield of soluble protein increased until either temperature (T) or water/solid (W/S) ratio reached an optimum point (60.1C, 12.6 mL/g), and then decreased with further increase of T or W/S ratio. In addition, the yield of soluble protein increased with time within a range of 30 min, and no critical point was observed. The molecular mass of soluble protein was distributed from 19.3 to 81.3 kDa estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate,polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Scanning electron microscopy showed the destruction of the microstructure of soybean cells, which increased the extraction of soluble soy protein. [source] RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, WHEY SEPARATION, AND MICROSTRUCTURE IN SET-STYLE YOGURT: EFFECTS OF HEATING TEMPERATURE AND INCUBATION TEMPERATUREJOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES, Issue 5-6 2003WON-JAE LEE The effects of heat treatment and incubation temperature on the rheological and microstructural properties of yogurt were studied. A central composite experimental design and response surface methodology were used for data analysis. The rheological properties were determined by dynamic low amplitude oscillation and the amount of spontaneous whey separation was quantified by the volumetric flask test. Confocal scanning laser microscopy was used to examine the gel structure. The storage moduli of yogurts increased with an increase in heating temperature and a decrease in incubation temperature. The maximum loss tangent value during gelation, permeability, and amount of spontaneous whey separation of yogurts increased with a decrease in heating temperature and with an increase in incubation temperature. These parameters indicated an increased possibility for rearrangements, which was confirmed by presence of large pores in the gel network. Second order polynomial models successfully predicted the effects of heating temperature and incubation temperature on the rheological properties, permeability, and whey separation of yogurts. Whey separation was negatively correlated with storage modulus (r= -0.66), and was positively correlated with the maximum loss tangent (r= 0.63) and permeability (r= 0.78). This study demonstrates that weak yogurt gels, which have high loss tangent values, favor rearrangements in the network and the resulting network has larger pores (high permeability) and exhibits greater whey separation. [source] RHEOLOGY AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF WHEAT DOUGH DEVELOPED WITH CONTROLLED DEFORMATIONJOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES, Issue 1 2000EMILY J. SCHLUENTZ ABSTRACT Undeveloped wheat dough samples were strained in shear and extensional flow between parallel plates to produce a controlled level of development. Dough made in a standard Farinograph, considered developed dough, was used for comparison. Scanning electron microscopy images of deformed dough were subjected to numerical image processing to characterize the protein matrix present. Results were compared to dynamic rheological properties to evaluate the influence of strain deformation on the formation of microstructure. Viscoelastic moduli of wheat dough showed that developed dough had the greatest amount of structure formation, followed by extensionally-strained and shear-strained samples, respectively. Undeveloped dough showed the lowest levels of structure development. Image analysis indicated statistically significant differences between protein matrices in developed and undeveloped samples; however, results were not significantly different between shear- and extension-ally-strained samples. [source] NATURE AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF GALLIC IMITATIONS OF SIGILLATA SLIPS FROM THE LA GRAUFESENQUE WORKSHOP*ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 5 2009C. MIRGUET The red glaze (slip) that characterizes the Terra Sigillata potteries greatly contributed to their success during the Roman period. The colour of the slip can in fact be partially explained by the microstructure (crystalline phases, grain sizes) and the physico-chemistry (composition) of the ceramics. However, the precise process and the diffusion of this technique are still not fully known. In particular, we do not know yet how the production of sigillata took place in the south of Gaul, and the role that was played by the production under Italian influence (pre-sigillata) preceding the first local sigillata. In this work, a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray synchrotron diffraction techniques was used to study the microstructure of pre-sigillata slips from the main southern Gaul workshop (La Graufesenque), in order to compare their characteristics with those of high-quality sigillata. These first results seem to indicate that the antique potters chose clays adapted to their firing conditions and to the type of coating that they wanted to make. These productions cannot be described as an initial phase for the later sigillata production and, rather, seem to correspond to the intention of developing a specific type of pottery only inspired by the famous Italian sigillata forms. [source] Microstructure of a genuine Damascus sabreCRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2005A. A. Levin Abstract The surface and cross-section of a genuine Damascus sword was characterised by means of wide-angle X-ray scattering techniques complemented by optical and transmisssion electron microscopy. Position-resolved X-ray phase analysis revealed that, unlike ferrite and martensite, the distribution of cementite is inhomogeneous in different spatial zones parallel to the cutting edge of the blade. For the first time a quantitative X-ray phase and texture analysis was made possible by averaging all spatial zones of the surface and the cross-section of the sword and applying the Rietveld method with code TOPAS. Differences concerning texture and structure characteristics of ferrite, martensite and cementite are discussed. More evidence for the structure of cementite nanowires is supplied. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Microstructure of microemulsion in MEEKCELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 4 2010Yuhua Cao Abstract The influences of the composition of microemulsion on the microstructure including dimensions and , potentials of microdroplets were measured in details. The average dynamic dimension of microdroplets was measured by dynamic laser light scattering, and , potential was determined to characterize average surface charge density of microdroplets. The experiment results showed that increase of the amount of surfactant resulted in decrease of microdroplet size but almost invariant , potential, which would enlarge migration time of the microdroplet in MEEKC. With increment of cosurfactant concentration, the microdroplet size had an increasing trend, whereas the , potential decreased. Thus, observed migration velocity of microdroplets increased, which made the separation window in MEEKC shortened. Neither dimension nor , potential of microdroplets changed by varying both the type and the amount of the oil phase. Adding organic solvent as modifier to microemulsion did not change the microdroplet size, but lowered , potential. The migration time of microdroplet still became larger, since EOF slowed down owing to organic solvent in capillary. So, besides increment of surfactant concentration, organic additive could also enlarge the separation window. Increase of cosurfactant concentration was beneficial for separation efficiency thanks to the looser structure of swollen microdroplet, and the peak sharpening might compensate for the resolution and peak capacity owing to a narrow separation window. Except the oil phase, tuning the composition of microemulsion would change the microstructure, eventually could be exploited to optimize the resolution and save analysis time in MEEKC. [source] Microstructure of the silk spigots of the green crab spider Oxytate striatipes (Araneae: Thomisidae)ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006Myung-Jin MOON Abstract The genus Oxytate L. Koch, 1878 comprises a homogeneous group of nocturnal crab spiders that have silk apparatuses even though they do not spin webs to trap prey. We examined the microstructure of the silk spinning apparatus of the green crab spider Oxytate striatipes, using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The silk glands of the spider were classified into three types: ampullate, pyriform and aciniform. The spigots of these three types of silk gland occur in both sexes. Two pairs of major ampullate glands send secretory ductules to the anterior spinnerets, and another two pairs of minor ampullate glands supply the median spinnerets. In addition, the pyriform glands send ductules to the anterior spinnerets (45 pairs in females and 40 pairs in males), and the aciniform glands feed silk into the median (9,12 pairs in females and 7,10 pairs in males) and the posterior (30 pairs in both sexes) spinnerets. The spigot system of O. striatipes is simpler and more primitive than other wandering spiders: even the female spiders possess neither tubuliform glands for cocoon production nor triad spigots for web-building. [source] A Parimutuel Market Microstructure for Contingent ClaimsEUROPEAN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2005Jeffrey Lange G10; G13; G14 Abstract Parimutuel principles are widely used as an alternative to fixed odds gambling in which a bookmaker acts as a dealer by quoting fixed rates of return on specified wagers. A parimutuel game is conducted as a call auction in which odds are allowed to fluctuate during the betting period until the betting period is closed or the auction ,called'. The prices or odds of wagers are set based upon the relative amounts wagered on each risky outcome. In financial microstructure terms, trading under parimutuel principles is characterised by (1) call auction, non-continuous trading; (2) riskless funding of claim payouts using the amounts paid for all of the claims during the auction; (3) special equilibrium pricing conditions requiring the relative prices of contingent claims equal the relative aggregate amounts wagered on such claims; (4) endogenous determination of unique state prices; and (5) higher efficiency. Recently, a number of large investment banks have adopted a parimutuel mechanism for offering contingent claims on various economic indices, such as the US Nonfarm payroll report and Eurozone Harmonised inflation. Our paper shows how the market microstructure incorporating parimutuel principles for contingent claims which allows for notional transactions, limit orders, and bundling of claims across states is constructed. We prove the existence of a unique price equilibrium for such a market and suggest an algorithm for computing the equilibrium. We also suggest that for a broad class of contingent claims, that the parimutuel microstructure recently deployed offers many advantages over the dominant dealer and exchange continuous time mechanisms. [source] Microstructure of fat crystallizing on a collagenous surfaceEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2005Michael A. Rogers Abstract The effect of surface quality on fat crystallization was examined for glass and gelatin surfaces using three-dimensional polarized light microscopy in an attempt to develop a model system for how fat may crystallize in arteries. A mixture of the high-melting fraction of milk fat and triolein was crystallized from 60,°C to 30,°C at a rate of 0.5,°C/min on both glass and gelatin surfaces. Crystallization of fat on the gelatin surface led to an increase in the amount of nucleation and resulted in a more even distribution of crystal mass than crystallization on the glass surface. No evidence of crystal precipitation or glass surface crystallization was evident. We postulate that the gelatin acted as a template for nucleation. Similar trends were identified using fractal analysis. Fat crystallized on gelatin had a higher fractal dimension than fat crystallized on glass. [source] Fabrication and Microstructure of C/Cu Composites,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 6 2010Yiwen Liu C/Cu composites were prepared by a melting infiltration technique in vacuum. In order to improve the wettability between Cu and carbon fibers, Ti (8,wt.-%) and Cr (1,wt.-%) were added to the Cu alloy. Microstructures of the composites and interface between C and Cu were investigated by XRD, SEM, EDS and HRTEM. The results show that the Ti and Cr improved the wettability between Cu and CC preform and the infiltration ability of Cu into CC preform greatly. The prepared C/Cu composites are characterized as having good interface bonding and high density. In the process of infiltration, Ti and Cr concentrate on the boundary of carbon fiber. Formation of TiC results from the reaction of Ti and C between Cu and carbon fiber. [source] Effects of Aging on Interfacial Microstructure and Reliability Between SnAgCu Solder and FeNi/Cu UBM,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 6 2010Qing-Sheng Zhu Effects of thermal aging on the interfacial microstructure and reliability of the SnAgCu/FeNi-Cu joint are investigated. It is found that aging effects depends strongly on the temperature. Aging at low temperature, e.g., at 125,°C, a submicron meter thick FeSn2 IMC layer formed at the SnAgCu/FeNi-Cu interface during reflowing grows at a rate twenty times slower than the growth rate of the IMC at the SnAgCu/Cu interface. At high temperature, e.g., at 180,°C, the Cu element is found to diffuse through FeNi layer to produce the (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 IMC and this IMC layer grows even faster than the IMC at the SnAgCu/Cu interface. Solder ball shear test results show that the SnAgCu/FeNi-Cu joint has a comparable strength to the SnAgCu/Cu joint after reflowing, and the strength drop after aging at 125,°C is less than that of the SnAgCu/Cu joint. However, after aging at 180,°C, the strength of the SnAgCu/FeNi-Cu joint is degraded to a low value, along with a shift in failure mode from the solder fracture to the brittle intermetallics fracture. [source] Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of New AlCoxCrFeMo0.5Ni High-Entropy AlloysADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 1-2 2010Chin-You Hsu Effects of Co content on microstructures and hot hardness of a new high-entropy alloy system, AlCoxCrFeMo0.5Ni (x,=,0.5 to 2.0) were investigated. As cobalt content increases, the microstructure changes from dendrite to polygrain type and the constituent phases change from BCC,+,, at x,=,0.5 to BCC,+,FCC,+,, at x,=,2.0. The alloy hardness varies from Hv 788 at x,=,0.5 to Hv 596 at x,=,2.0. This can be explained with the relative amount of hard , phase, medium hard BCC phase and soft FCC phase. All the AlCoxCrFeMo0.5Ni alloys possess higher hardness level than that of Ni-based superalloys In 718/In 718 H from room temperature to 1273,K. They obey the Westbrook equation presenting the normal heating behavior. Both alloys of x,=,0.5 and 1.0 exhibit a transition temperature higher than that of Co-based alloy T-800 by about 200,K. They also have a high hot hardness of Hv 347 at 1273,K, which is higher than those of In 718 and In718 H by Hv 220. The strengthening mechanism for their superiority is proposed. The AlCoxCrFeMo0.5Ni alloy system has great potential in high-temperature applications. [source] Microstructure and Texture Formation During Near Conventional Forging of an Intermetallic Ti,45Al,5Nb Alloy,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 12 2009Andreas Stark Abstract Texture formation was studied in an intermetallic Ti-45at%Al-5at%Nb alloy after uniaxial compression and near conventional forging. Depending on the deformation conditions the texture of the , -TiAl phase is formed by pure deformation components, components related to dynamic recrystallization, or transformation components. This changing corresponds with microstructural observations. The ,2 -Ti3Al and the , -Ti(Al) phase show a similar texture as it is known for Ti and Ti-base alloys after compressive deformation at elevated temperatures. In contrast to the , texture, no significant change of the ,/,2 texture was observed in the temperature range between 800,°C and just below the , -transus temperature (T,,=,1295,°C). [source] Microstructure and Compression Strength of Novel TRIP-Steel/Mg-PSZ Composites,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 12 2009Horst Biermann Abstract Novel composites on basis of austenitic stainless TRIP-steel as matrix with reinforcements of Mg-PSZ are presented. Compact rods were produced by cold isostatic pressing and sintering, square honeycomb samples by the ceramic extrusion technique. The samples are characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy before and after deformation, showing the microstructure and the deformation- induced martensite formation. The mechanical properties of samples with 5,vol% zirconia are superior compared to zirconia-free samples and composites with higher zirconia contents in terms of bending and compression tests. The honeycomb samples exhibit extraordinary high specific energy absorption in compression. [source] Solute Content and the Grain Microstructure of High Pressure Diecast Magnesium,Aluminium Alloys,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 11 2009Anumalasetty V. Nagasekhar The grain microstructure is strongly bimodal due to the mixture of large dendritic grains that solidify in the shot sleeve and are subsequently injected into the die cavity, and the small grains that nucleate inside the cavity and grow to a size dictated by the solute content and the solidification rate. The large grains form only in concentrated alloys; their size is also partially controlled by the growth restriction factor. [source] Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of Brand-New Al0.3CrFe1.5MnNi0.5 High-Entropy Alloys,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 10 2009Wei-Yeh Tang The microstructure, hardening behavior, and adhesive wear behavior of Al0.3CrFe1.5MnNi0.5 high-entropy alloys were investigated. All alloys exhibit superior adhesive wear resistance to cast iron FC-300, bearing steel SUJ-2, and hot-mold steel SKD-61. The superior wear resistance of the alloys is attributable to the formation of , phase during the furnace cooling from the homogenization at 1100 °C or the in situ formation of the ,phase induced by the high interface temperature and severe plastic deformation during wear sliding. [source] Microstructure and Transport Properties of Cellular Materials: Representative Volume ElementADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 10 2009Emmanuel Brun The representative volume element (RVE) plays a central role in efforts to predict the effective thermo-physical and transport properties of heterogeneous materials. A quantitative definition of its size is proposed in this work. It is shown that RVE depends on the morphological or physical property being investigated. The methodology is applied to real samples of open-celled materials (such as metallic foam) whose structure is obtained from X-Ray microtomography. [source] Principles of Highly Resolved Determination of Texture and Microstructure using High-Energy Synchrotron Radiation,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 6 2009Helmut Klein Abstract Diffraction imaging with hard X-rays (high-energy synchrotron radiation) using the detector sweeping techniques allows measurement of the texture and microstructure of polycrystalline materials with high orientation- and location-resolution. These techniques provide continuous two-dimensional images of different sections and projections of the six-dimensional "orientation-location" space. For the high orientation resolution case, it is possible to measure the orientation and location coordinates of up to 105 individual grains simultaneously. From these parameters, the grain size and shape can also be obtained, yielding the complete orientation stereology of the polycrystalline aggregate, which is required for its complete characterization. For the high location resolution case, the intensity at any point of the diagrams corresponds to a pole density as a function of the orientation-location space. [source] Effect of Microstructure on Residual Stresses in Sintered Diamond,Metal Composites,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 6 2009U. Selvadurai-Laßl As residual stresses can reduce the lifetime of diamond-cobalt composite cutting tools, the composite stress state needs to be understood very well. Thus, the effect of microstructure on the residual stresses was investigated here. Stress measurements were carried out in the cobalt matrix by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Synchrotron-XRD (SXRD). In addition to global stress measurements, investigations of stresses in small cobalt areas near the diamonds were performed by high brilliant synchrotron radiation using different apertures. [source] Influence of Filler Composition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steel,Aluminum Joints Produced by Metal Arc Joining (Adv. Eng.ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 5 2009Mater. The cover shows the inverse pole figure map obtained by EBSD on the cross section of an hybrid aluminium-to-steel joint produced by the Cold Metal Transfer welding technique on a specially designed butt geometry,More details can be found in the article of L. Agudo et al. on page 350. [source] Influence of Filler Composition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steel,Aluminum Joints Produced by Metal Arc Joining,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 5 2009Leonardo Agudo Jácome Chemical joining of aluminum to steel parts is one of the main challenges in the automotive industry to achieve sound economical solutions for required automobile weight reduction. The cold metal transfer (CMT) is a fusion welding process developed to meet that challenge. It is shown in this paper how the choice of proper filler materials can yield appropriate mechanical performance of specially designed dissimilar CMT butt joints by improving the seam characteristics and weld bead properties. [source] Designing Ductile Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses with Phase Separated Microstructure,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 5 2009Xinghao Du Using the thermodynamic computation, the phase-separated Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with a enhanced plasticity up to 20% are developed. The as-cast microstructure is characterized by the macroscopic heterogeneities consisting of the phase-separated regions and glassy matrix regions. The microscaled phase-separated feature is the cause of the remarkable plasticity, and the homogeneous and concurrent formation of multiple shear bands is crucial for the plasticity improvement in metallic glasses. [source] Effects of Zirconium Additions on the Microstructure of As-Cast and Aged AZ91 Magnesium AlloyADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 3 2009Farhoud Kabirian The effects of Zr addition on the microstructure of AZ91 alloy were investigated under as-cast and isothermally aged conditions. The microstructures contained a eutectic , -Mg17Al12 phase together with fine Al,Zr intermetallic compounds. These intermetallic compounds inhibited grain growth during the 420,°C isothermal aging of Zr-containing alloys. Microstructural changes caused by Zr additions were most probably due to the consumption of Al by Zr, and redistribution of Al during solidification of dendrites. [source] Microstructure and Properties of SiC Honeycomb StructuresADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 12 2008D. Galsterer In this work, a novel processing route was used for fabrication of porous beta-SiC materials below 1450,°C. Honeycomb structures, based on Si, C and Al, were extruded and afterwards converted into SiC based ceramics at temperatures between 1050,°C and 1450,°C in Ar atmosphere. A conversion temperature below 1450,°C was applied due to the low melting point of the used Si-Al-alloy. [source] Microstructure and Microhardness of Cold-Sprayed CuNiIn CoatingADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 8 2008W.-Y. Li In this study, the emerging cold spraying technique was used to deposit the CuNiIn coating. The microstructure of cold sprayed Cu36Ni5In coating was examined by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. It was found that a very dense Cu36Ni5In coating was deposited under certain spray condition. The impact melting at the localized interfaces of the deposited particles was observed and agreed with the theoretical analysis. The coating microhardness was about 240 Hv0.2. [source] Microstructure and Properties of Pressureless Sintered HfB2 -Based Composites with Additions of ZrB2 or HfC,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 10 2007L. Silvestroni Ternary HfB2 -ZrB2 and HfB2 -HfC composites (see figure) with 20,vol.-% MoSi2 were produced from commercial powder and densified through pressureless sintering. Dense materials with fine microstructures were obtained at 1900,1950,°C. Flexural strength at 1500,°C confirmed the excellent stability of the composites at high temperature. [source] Interfacial Microstructure of Chromium Oxide Coatings,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 7 2007X. Pang This paper presents a study of chromium oxide coatings' interfacial microstructure and structural properties affecting coating performance. Amorphous chromium and chromium oxide layers about 100 nm thick were detected at the Cr/steel and the Cr/coating interfaces, providing a solution for depositing thicker mechanically stable coatings with improved hardness, smaller grain size, and smooth surface. [source] Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of a Novel Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 1-2 2007P. Huang A new Ni-23Cr-18Mo (wt.%) alloy, designated as Nistelle Super C, was developed recently at Deloro Stellite Inc. for high corrosion resistance applications. Microstructure and phase transformation behaviour of the alloy were studied using SEM and DSC techniques, respectively. Mechanical properties such as stress - strain relation of the alloy and load , depth relation of individual phases of the alloy were determined under uniaxial tension and under nano indentation, respectively. Corrosion resistance of the alloy in oxidizing and reducing acids was evaluated in accordance with ASTM standard test designation G31-72. [source] Alumina/Alumina and Alumina-Zirconia/Alumina-Zirconia Joints Through Glass Interlayers, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Residual StressesADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 6 2005G. Faga As alternative to traditional joining methods, Ca-Al silicate glasses were used to self-bond alumina and alumina-zirconia ceramics under different processing conditions. Microstructures, mechanical properties and residual stress studies have shown glassy interlayer characteristics to be correlated with the chemistry of the starting glasses and of the ceramics. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||