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Microbial Protein Synthesis (microbial + protein_synthesis)
Selected AbstractsEffect of different liquid cultures of live yeast strains on performance, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in lambsJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 6 2008M. K. Tripathi Summary Three yeast strains, Kluyveromyces marximanus NRRL-3234 (KM), Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCDC-42 (SC) and Saccharomyces uvarum ATCC-9080 (SU), and a mixed culture (1:1:1 ratio) were evaluated for their value as probiotics in lamb feeding in two experiment. In experiment I and II, 20 and 30 pre-weaner lambs were fed for 63 and 60 days in two and three equal groups respectively. All lambs were offered ad libitum a creep mixture and Zizyphus nummularia leaves, and yeasts were dosed orally. In experiment I, one group received no yeast, the other of the mixed culture (1.5,2 × 1010 live cells/ml). In experiment II, yeast cultivation was modified yielding 1.5,2 × 1013 live cells/ml. Lambs of the three experimental groups received 1 ml/kg live weight of one of the individual yeasts. Feed intake did not differ among groups of both experiments with the exception of SC-supplemented lambs in experiment II which showed a trend to higher intakes per kg metabolic body weight and in percentage of body weight when compared with KM- and SU-supplemented lambs. Supplementation of the mixed yeast culture had no effect on intakes of digestible crude protein and metabolisable energy, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation characteristics (pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acid concentration, protozoa count) and urinary allantoin as an indicator of microbial protein synthesis. The same was true for comparisons in experiment II except ciliate protozoa counts, which showed a trend to be the highest with SU and the lowest with SC. The results of present study show that the response of lambs to supplemented live yeast cultures is inconsistent, as it lacked to have an effect in the present study, and that differences among strains were small, even when supplemented at a much higher live cell count. [source] The use of endogenous nitrogen for microbial crude protein synthesis in the rumen of growing bullsJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 5 2000H. Kluth Summary The objective of this study was to quantify endogenous nitrogen (N) recycled for microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Four growing bulls (Schwarzbuntes Milchrind; bodyweight: 240,310 kg) with duodenal T-shaped cannulas were fed diets containing four levels of crude protein content (200, 156, 102 and 63 g/kg dry matter, respectively). The diets were based on wheat, barley, tapioca meal, soybean extracted meal, dried beet pulp, meadow hay and straw. The diets had an energy level of 11.1, 10.9, 10.2 and 9.6 MJ metabolizable energy/kg dry matter. Faeces and urine were collected in four 7-day balance periods. Duodenal flow rate was estimated by TiO2, pelleted with grain, as a marker. The relationship between urine N excretion, the amount of microbial N reaching the duodenum, ruminal N balance and N retention were examined and the amount of endogenous N available for microbial protein synthesis without negative effects on the N retention was determined. It can be concluded that up to 16% of the microbial N supply could be covered by recycled endogenous N, but N retention should not be decreased by more than 1.5 residual standard deviations of maximal N retention. [source] In situ evaluation of the protein value of wheat grain corrected for ruminal microbial contaminationJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 4 2009José M Arroyo Abstract BACKGROUND: Uncorrected and microbial corrected in situ estimates of ruminal effective degradability (RED) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) and intestinal effective digestibility (IED) of DM and CP of a wheat grain sample were obtained by a simplified method using a sample pooled from rumen-incubated residues representing rumen outflow of undegraded food. Uncorrected values of RED of DM and CP were also obtained by the usual mathematical integration method. The study was performed in three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers. RESULTS: Uncorrected values of RED of CP were similar either for the mathematical integration or this simplified method (82.4% vs. 82.2%). Microbial contamination in the rumen led to small underestimations (P < 0.05) of RED of DM (87.9% vs. 88.1%) and CP (82.2% vs. 82.8%) and to small overestimations (P < 0.05) of IED for DM (66.5% vs. 66.1%) and CP (87.7% vs. 87.3%). Accumulative errors resulted in overestimations (P < 0.05) of the intestinal digested fractions of DM (1.8%) and CP (4.0%). CONCLUSION: Corrected values of intestinal digested CP show that the protein value of wheat is closely related to the microbial protein synthesis derived from its OM rumen fermentation. This synthesis and the content of intestinal digested undegraded protein may be respectively higher and lower than is usually assumed in feed tables. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Using a complex non-TDN based model (the DVE/OEB system) to predict microbial protein synthesis, endogenous protein, degradation balance, and total truly absorbed protein supply of different varieties of cereal oats for ruminantsANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009Peiqiang YU ABSTRACT Recently a new super-genotype of oat has been developed in the Crop Development Center called CDC SO-I (,SuperOat': low lignin and high fat). In a previous study, we evaluated total metabolizable protein using a TDN-based model-NRC-2001 which is popular in North America. However, the TDN-based NRC model is not accepted universally. The objectives of this study were to use a complex non-TDN based model, the DVE/OEB system, to evaluate potential nutrient supply to ruminants from the SuperOat in comparison with two normal varieties of oats (CDC Dancer and Derby) in western Canada. The quantitative predictions were made in terms of: (i) truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial proteins in the small intestine; (ii) truly absorbed rumen undegraded feed protein in the small intestine; (iii) endogenous protein in the digestive tract; (iv) total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine; and (v) protein degraded balance. Results showed that using the DVE/OEB system to predict the potential nutrient supply, it was found that the SuperOat had similar truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein levels (61, 63, 59 g/kg DM, P > 0.05, for SuperOat, CDC Dancer and Derby, respectively), higher truly absorbed rumen undegraded feed protein than CDC Dancer (22 vs. 17 g/kg DM P < 0.05, for SuperOat, CDC Dancer, respectively), but similar to Derby (22 vs. 21 g/kg DM; P > 0.05), and similar endogenous protein (16, 16, 18 g/kg DM; P > 0.05). Total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine is only numerically higher in the SuperOat (67 vs. 65, 62 g/kg DM, P > 0.05, for CDC Dancer and Derby, respectively). However, the protein degraded balance was significantly different (P < 0.05) with a positive value for the SuperOat (7.0 g/kg DM) and negative values for two normal varieties (,1.5, ,6.8 g/kg DM for CDC Dancer and Derby, respectively). In conclusion, the model predicted significantly different protein degradation balance. The SuperOat had positive degradation balance but other two normal varieties had negative protein degraded balance However, the SuperOat had similar total absorbed protein value to the two normal varieties of oats. [source] | ||||||||||