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Mixture Solvent (mixture + solvent)
Selected AbstractsEffects of Solvent Mixtures on the Nanoscale Phase Separation in Polymer Solar Cells,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 12 2008Yan Yao Abstract The mixed solvent approach has been demonstrated as a promising method to modify nanomorphology in polymer solar cells. This work aims to understand the unique role of the additive in the mixture solvent and how the optimized nanoscale phase separation develops laterally and vertically during the non-equilibrium spin-coating process. We found the donor/acceptor components in the active layer can phase separate into an optimum morphology with the additive. Supported by AFM, TEM and XPS results, we proposed a model and identified relevant parameters for the additive such as solubility and vapor pressures. Other additives are discovered to show the ability to improve polymer solar cell performance as well. [source] Facile synthesis of polyaniline hemispheres in diethyl ether/ice mixture solvent and growth mechanism studyJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 16 2010Hui-yan Ma Abstract By using the new methodology of synthesis of container structure, we demonstrate the ability to control an improved ice-templating method to synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) in the form of hemisphere. The influence of the synthetic parameters, such as the concentration of doping-acid, oxidant, and aniline on the morphologies of PANI structures, has been investigated. It is determined that the doping acid and the second solvent added (such as diethyl ether absolute) have great positive influence on the formation of product's micro-morphology. The structure and morphology of PANI hemispheres are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), optical microscope images, and scanning electron microscope images (SEM). The formation mechanism of hemispheres in this article is well suggested. PANI hemispheres have super performance in sensitivity, time response to NH3 compared with traditional polymerization at room temperature. This work extends the field of functional materials with complex container structure and offers a new green route to synthesis of hemispherical container structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3596,3603, 2010 [source] Application of polymer gel electrolyte with graphite powder in quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cellsPOLYMER COMPOSITES, Issue 11 2009Qinghua Li A polymer gel electrolyte with ionic conductivity of 5.11 mS cm,1 was prepared by using poly (acrylonitrile- co -styrene) as polymer matrix, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran as binary organic mixture solvent, NaI + I2 as electrolyte, graphite powder and 1-methylimidazole as additives. The components ratio of the polymer gel electrolyte was optimized, and the influence of the components and temperature on the ionic conductivity of the polymer gel electrolyte and photoelectronic properties of dye sensitized solar cell were investigated. On the basis of the polymer gel electrolyte with the optimized conditions, a quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated and its light- to-electricity energy conversion efficiency of 3.25% was achieved under irradiation of 100 mW cm,2. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers [source] An improved practical Pd/C-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction for the synthesis of liquid crystals of trans-cyclohexyltolansAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2010Hongyong Shang Abstract An improved practical synthesis of liquid crystals of trans-cyclohexyltolans by Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of 1-iodo-4-(trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl)benzene with aromatic terminal alkynes in the presence of Pd/C (palladium on activated carbon) as low as 0.03 mol% of Pd and CuI (2 mol%) in a mixture solvent of acetone,water (5:2 in volume) is described. The liquid crystals could be obtained in high yields as a solid with excellent purity by simple filtration, and the filtrate could be reused several times while still retaining high catalytic activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Aggregation of Dodecyl 1-Pyrenylmethyl Ether and Its Application in Structure-Polarity Relations of Aggregates,CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 9 2006Da-Yong Sang Abstract The aggregation behavior of dodecyl 1-pyrenylmethyl ether was studied in dioxane-water mixture solvents by fluorescence techniques. The labeled pyrenyl group was effective in monitoring the polarity change of its environment during aggregation processes. Based on the structural effects such as chain-length effect, self-coiling effect, and branch-group effect on the polarity of the probe environment, the structure features of aggregates were discussed and have been used to interpret the effect of the structural features on the aggregates formed by three cholesteryl esters and three long chain alkanes. [source] | |||||||||||||