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Mixing Vessel (mixing + vessel)
Selected AbstractsLDA Velocity Measurements of High-Viscosity Fluids in Mixing Vessel with Vane Geometry ImpellerTHE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2007Lidija Slemenik Perse Abstract The object of this work was to measure the velocity field in non-Newtonian fluids inside mixing vessel. The six-bladed vane rotor used for mixing was designed from rotating vane geometry of a sensor system, commonly used for rheometrical measurements of complex fluids (Barnes and Nguyen, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 98, 1-14 (2001); Schramm, 1994). During mixing, the viscosity was determined by measuring the torque at different impeller speeds, and compared to rheologically obtained shear dependent viscosity. The velocity field was determined by LDA measurements at twelve places inside mixing vessel. It was observed that axial and radial component of the velocity were insignificant at all measurement points. On the other hand, the results showed the periodic nature of tangential component of the velocity, which was confirmed with computer-aided visualization method. Ce travail avait pour objectif de mesurer le champ de vitesse dans des fluides non newtoniens dans un réservoir de mélange. Le rotor à six pales utilisé pour le mélange a été conçu d'après la géométrie des ailettes rotatives d'un système de senseurs, communément utilisés dans les mesures rhéométriques de fluides complexes (Barnes and Nguyen, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 98, 1-14 (2001); Schramm, 1994). Lors du mélange, on a déterminé la viscosité en mesurant le couple à différentes vitesses de turbine, puis on l'a comparée à la viscosité de cisaillement obtenue rhéologiquement. Le champ de vitesse a été déterminé par des mesures LDA à douze positions dans le réservoir de mélange. On a observé que la composante axiale et radiale de la vitesse était négligeable pour tous les points de mesure. Par ailleurs, les résultats montrent la nature périodique de la composante tangentielle de la vitesse, ce qui est confirmé par une méthode de visualisation assistée par ordinateur. [source] Design of a high-efficiency hydrofoil through the use of computational fluid dynamics and multiobjective optimizationAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 7 2009N. Spogis Abstract A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is proposed, based on ANSYS-CFX tools coupled to optimization models inside the commercial optimization software modeFRONTIER in order to obtain an optimal design of a high-efficiency impeller for solids suspension. The analysis of impeller shape performance was carried out using the shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model with streamline curvature correction. This turbulence model combined the advantages of the ,,, and ,,, models, ensuring a proper relation between turbulent stress and turbulent kinetic energy, allowing an accurate and robust prediction of the impeller blade flow separation. The multiple frames of reference and the frozen rotor frame change models were used for the rotor/stator interaction inside the mixing vessel. The optimization procedure used seven design variables, two nonlinear constraints and two objective functions. The objective functions chosen (among many other possible options) to evaluate the impeller performance were the maximum solid distribution throughout the vessel (homogeneous suspension) reflected by a low variance between local solid concentration and average solid concentration inside the vessel and the higher pumping effectiveness, which was defined as the quotient of the flow and power numbers. The first objective function searches for impeller configurations able to provide good solid suspension, since it aims to achieve homogeneous suspension. The second objective function aims to reduce power consumption for a high-pumping capacity of the impeller. These criteria were considered enough to characterize the optimized impeller. Results indicated that the optimized impeller presented an increase of the pumping impeller capacity and homogeneous solid suspension with low-power consumption, especially when compared with the PBT 45° impeller. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009 [source] Hybrid DEM-compartment modeling approach for granular mixingAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007Patricia M. Portillo Abstract A new hybrid approach to model powder mixing based on the use of discrete element method (DEM) and compartment modeling is presented. The main motivation behind the proposed approach is to reduce the computational expense of modeling powder mixing by partitioning the mixing system into high shear areas that are modeled using detailed DEM simulations, whereas the remaining process is simulated using stochastic models. The approach can, thus, be used to model complex geometries, as well as a large number of particles that is typically unfeasible with the existing approaches. The results of a horizontal convective mixing vessel are used to illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed approach. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2007 [source] Triboelectrification of Spray-dried Lactose Prepared from Different Feedstock ConcentrationsJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2000ORLA E. CASSIDY Powder systems may acquire electrostatic charge during various pharmaceutical processing operations and may give rise to difficulties in handling and powder flow, mainly due to adhesion/cohesion effects. We have investigated the electrostatic charging of spray-dried lactose prepared from different feedstock concentrations using a laboratory spray-dryer. Triboelectrification of the spray-dried lactose samples was effected through contact with the stainless steel surface of either a mixing vessel or a cyclone separator. Results from both techniques showed differences in charge accumulation and particle-steel adhesion between the spray-dried lactose samples. As the feedstock concentration used to produce the spray-dried lactose was increased in the range 10,50% w/v, the mean charge on the lactose decreased from ,20.8 to ,1.3 nC g,1 and ,54.9 to ,4.1 nC g,1 for the mixing vessel and cyclone separator, respectively, with a corresponding decrease in adhesion. In addition, as the feedstock concentration was increased from 10 to 50% w/v, decreases were obtained in surface area values (1.06 to 0.56 m2 g,1), pore diameter (198.7 to 83.5 ,m) and pore volume (1.09 to 0.75 cm3 g,1), and together with differences in crystal form correlated with the charge and adhesion results. The results suggested that the feedstock concentration could have a considerable influence on the charging and adhesional properties of spray-dried lactose. This may have relevance during pharmaceutical processing and manufacturing operations. [source] LDA Velocity Measurements of High-Viscosity Fluids in Mixing Vessel with Vane Geometry ImpellerTHE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2007Lidija Slemenik Perse Abstract The object of this work was to measure the velocity field in non-Newtonian fluids inside mixing vessel. The six-bladed vane rotor used for mixing was designed from rotating vane geometry of a sensor system, commonly used for rheometrical measurements of complex fluids (Barnes and Nguyen, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 98, 1-14 (2001); Schramm, 1994). During mixing, the viscosity was determined by measuring the torque at different impeller speeds, and compared to rheologically obtained shear dependent viscosity. The velocity field was determined by LDA measurements at twelve places inside mixing vessel. It was observed that axial and radial component of the velocity were insignificant at all measurement points. On the other hand, the results showed the periodic nature of tangential component of the velocity, which was confirmed with computer-aided visualization method. Ce travail avait pour objectif de mesurer le champ de vitesse dans des fluides non newtoniens dans un réservoir de mélange. Le rotor à six pales utilisé pour le mélange a été conçu d'après la géométrie des ailettes rotatives d'un système de senseurs, communément utilisés dans les mesures rhéométriques de fluides complexes (Barnes and Nguyen, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 98, 1-14 (2001); Schramm, 1994). Lors du mélange, on a déterminé la viscosité en mesurant le couple à différentes vitesses de turbine, puis on l'a comparée à la viscosité de cisaillement obtenue rhéologiquement. Le champ de vitesse a été déterminé par des mesures LDA à douze positions dans le réservoir de mélange. On a observé que la composante axiale et radiale de la vitesse était négligeable pour tous les points de mesure. Par ailleurs, les résultats montrent la nature périodique de la composante tangentielle de la vitesse, ce qui est confirmé par une méthode de visualisation assistée par ordinateur. [source] Sedimentation and Coalescence Profiles in Liquid-Liquid Batch Settling ExperimentsCHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 4 2004G.-Z. Yu Abstract A simple mathematical method for predicting the phase separation profiles of a batch liquid-liquid dispersion is developed based on the empirical description of drops resting at a liquid-liquid plane interface. The inflexion time, at which the sedimentation zone vanishes, can be obtained by analysis of the coalescence profile. Therefore, the sedimentation profile can be predicted and the size of drop and interfacial area can be estimated. The experiments were carried out with an O/W-type dispersion of kerosene-water system in a 154 mm I.D. mixing vessel. The experimental results agree well with the model prediction. Other experimental data in the literature were also adopted for testing the model. [source] Critical Impeller Speed for Suspending Solids in Aerated Agitation TanksTHE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 4 2002Yonggang Zhu Abstract Systematic measurements have been carried out in agitated gas-liquid-solids systems to determine the just off-bottom suspension speed. A variety of solids sizes, solids concentrations, impeller sizes and tank sizes are used. The difference between the just off-bottom suspension speeds with and without gas sparging does not show a linear relationship with the gassing rate and the relation is system-dependent. The relative just off-bottom suspension speed RJSS = Njsg / Njs is found to be dependent only on the just suspension aeration number Najs = Qg / NjsD3 and, for DT6 impellers, the relation is RJSS = 1 + mNanjs with the values of 2.6 and 0.7 for m and n, respectively. The relation is independent of the impeller size, solids size, solids loading and tank size, and can be used to scale up laboratory data to full-scale mixing vessels. Data from different studies support the present findings. Des mesures systématiques ont été effectuées dans des systèmes gaz-liquide-solides agités afin de déterminer la vitesse de suspension minimale au-dessus du fond du réservoir. Diverses tailles de solides, concentrations de solides, dimensions de turbines et dimensions du réservoir sont utilisées. La différence entre les vitesses de suspension minimale avec et sans aspersion de gaz ne suit pas une relation linéaire avec la vitesse de gazage et la relation est dépendante du système. On a trouvé que la vitesse relative de suspension minimale au-dessus du fond RJSS = Njsg / Njs est dépendante uniquement du nombre d'aération en suspension Najs = Qg / NjsD3 et que, pour les turbines DT6, la relation est RJSS = 1 + mNanjs, avec des valeurs pour m et n de 2,6 et 0,7, respectivement. La relation est dépendante de la dimension de la turbine, de la taille des solides, du chargement en solides et de la dimension du réservoir, et elle peut être utilisée pour mettre à l'échelle des données de laboratoire pour les mélangeurs en pleine grandeur. Des données provenant de diverses études appuient les présentes conclusions. [source] | ||||||||||