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Metaplastic Change (metaplastic + change)
Selected AbstractsPleomorphic adenoma: Cytologic variations and potential diagnostic pitfallsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Uma Handa M.D. Abstract The diverse morphological features encountered in pleomorphic adenoma (PA) may cause diagnostic errors in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The present study was performed to evaluate the variations in the cytological features of pleomorphic adenoma and to assess the efficacy of FNAC in its diagnosis. Fifty cases diagnosed as PA on FNAC were retrieved from the records of the Pathology Department. Cytologic smears and sections were reviewed and the cytologic diagnoses were compared with the definitive histologic diagnoses. In cases correctly diagnosed on aspiration, morphological variables like patterns of the epithelial component, type and extent of the mesenchymal matrix, metaplastic cells, hyaline globules, cystic change, giant cells, crystalline deposits, nuclear inclusions/grooves, and nuclear atypia were evaluated. The extreme diversity in morphologic features seen in histologic sections was reflected in the smears of PA. Metaplastic changes were observed more frequently in sections, while nuclear changes like inclusions/grooves were more commonly seen in smears. Other morphological features like cylindromatous pattern, giant cells and crystalline deposits were observed with equal frequency in smears and sections. Cytohistologic agreement was present in 45 of the 50 cases (90%). In 5 cases diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma on FNAC, the histology revealed 1 case each of schwannoma, perineurioma, ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of tongue, adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. FNAC is a fairly accurate pre-operative procedure for the diagnosis of PA. The cytopathologist needs to be aware of the cytologic variations in pleomorphic adenoma so as to avoid diagnostic errors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Uterus-like mass: MRI appearance of a very rare entityJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 1 2007Kirsten A. Menn BA Abstract We describe a 37-year-old patient who presented with right lower quadrant pain and intermenstrual bleeding. MRI demonstrated a 5 × 5 cm lobulated mass centered in the right uterine wall interpreted as suspicious for malignancy. A total hysterectomy was performed, and the gross and histologic features were consistent with the diagnosis of a uterus-like mass. Uterus-like mass is a benign entity that can be found in a variety of organs, and is characterized by endometrium surrounded by smooth muscle. It is an extremely rare lesion with only approximately 15 cases reported in the current literature. There is a lack of imaging literature on this entity, which is primarily described in the pathology literature. Its histogenesis is uncertain, but is theorized to be metaplastic change, congenital anomaly, and/or heterotopia. However, given the MRI appearance in this case, we feel that uterus-like mass could be prospectively diagnosed or listed in a differential diagnosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:162,164. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] HP24 MICRORNA EXPRESSION PROFILES IN BARRETT'S OESOPHAGUSANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 2007D. I. Watson Purpose The genetic changes that drive the metaplastic change from squamous oesophagus (NO) towards Barrett's oesophagus (BO) and cancer are unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and contribute to cellular differentiation and identity. We sought to determine the role of miRNAs in BO. Methodology Biopsies of NO, BO and cardia were taken from 7 patients and RNA was extracted. miRNA expression profiles of 300 miRNAs were determined by microarray. Guided by the array results, real-time Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for 8 selected miRNAs enabled their expression to be studied in tissues from another 15 patients. Results Array data revealed that 39 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between NO, BO and cardia. A tissue-specific expression profile was confirmed by RT-PCR, with miR-21, 143, 145, 194 and 215 significantly up regulated in BO and cardia (columnar) vs. NO (squamous). A trend towards increased miR-21 expression from NO to BO and adenocarcinoma was observed (p = 0.1). Interestingly, high expression of miR-143, 194 and 215 was seen in BO vs. NO (p < 0.0001), but with subsequent downregulation in cancers (p = 0.1). In contrast, miR-203 and 205 were highly expressed in NO and low in BO and cardia. A database search revealed that these miRNAs potentially target (proto-)oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Conclusions Differences in miRNA expression are present between NO, BO, cardia and cancer. Deregulation of certain miRNAs, and their predicted effect on the expression of target genes, might contribute to the metaplastic and neoplastic process in the oesophagus and could serve as novel biomarkers to classify diseased tissues. [source] Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate the frequency,response function of hippocampal CA1 synapses for the induction of LTP and LTDEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 1 2004Els J. M. Van Dam Abstract Synaptically released glutamate binds to ionotropic or metabotropic glutamate receptors. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G-protein-coupled receptors and can be divided into three subclasses (Group I,III) depending on their pharmacology and coupling to signal transduction cascades. Group I mGluRs are coupled to phospholipase C and are implicated in several important physiological processes, including activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, but their exact role in synaptic plasticity remains unclear. Synaptic plasticity can manifest itself as an increase or decrease of synaptic efficacy, referred to as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). The likelihood, degree and direction of the change in synaptic efficacy depends on the history of the synapse and is referred to as ,metaplasticity'. We provide direct experimental evidence for an involvement of group I mGluRs in metaplasticity in CA1 hippocampal synapses. Bath application of a low concentration of the specific group I agonist 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), which does not affect basal synaptic transmission, resulted in a leftward shift of the frequency,response function for the induction of LTD and LTP in naïve synapses. DHPG resulted in the induction of LTP at frequencies which induced LTD in control slices. These alterations in the induction of LTD and LTP resemble the metaplastic changes observed in previously depressed synapses. In addition, in the presence of DHPG additional potentiation could be induced after LTP had apparently been saturated. These findings provide strong evidence for an involvement of group I mGluRs in the regulation of metaplasticity in the CA1 field of the hippocampus. [source] Twenty years of experience with Krzeski's cystovaginoplasty for vaginal agenesis in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster,Hauser syndrome: anatomical, histological, cytological and functional resultsBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 11 2008Andrzej Borkowski OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term anatomical results using the original method of vaginal reconstruction with a pedicled bladder flap (Krzeski's cystovaginoplasty, CVP) in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster,Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) and the evaluation of radiological, histological, cytohormonal and functional results of CVP. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1981 and 2000, 38 patients (mean age 22.5 years, range 18,40) with MRKHS underwent CVP. A physical examination was used to evaluate the anatomical results, 27 patients had vaginography, and biopsies of the neovaginal wall and cytohormonal smears were taken in two. Functional sexual and urinary results, and opinions on CVP, were evaluated by an inventory mailed to 37 patients in 2000. RESULTS The anatomical result was good in 37 patients during a mean (range) follow-up of 9 (0.25,19) years; the result was good in 30 patients, but seven developed vaginal stenosis that was successfully repaired. There were two cases of post-coital vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) at 18 months after CVP. Vaginal biopsies showed epithelialization of the posterior vaginal wall and gradual metaplastic changes from urothelium to stratified nonsquamous epithelium. Cytological smears showed a normal biphasic pattern and neovaginal susceptibility to hormonal milieu. In all, 27 patients (73%) responded to the questionnaire. All had sexual partners and started sexual intercourse at a mean of 14 months after CVP; 89% experience orgasms and in 48% the vagina was the source; 40% sometimes used lubricants and seven (26%) used vaginal dilators. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after CVP were reported by 19 (66%) of the women and in six the LUTS were persistent. One patient was not satisfied with the functional and anatomical result of CVP, 89% declared that it improved sexual life, 93% would undergo CVP again and in 92% the quality of their sexual life was improved. All patients, when asked, stated that they would recommend CVP to another patient with MRKHS. CONCLUSIONS Vaginal reconstruction by CVP is characterized by good anatomical and functional results, sustained by long-term observation. The resultant epithelium is very similar to that of the native vagina in histology and function. All vaginas are functional and the level of patient satisfaction was high. The level of complications was acceptable, but in some patients LUTS can persist. [source] | ||||||||||