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Memory Recall (memory + recall)
Selected AbstractsOne-Year Postoperative Autobiographical Memory Following Unilateral Temporal Lobectomy for Control of Intractable EpilepsyEPILEPSIA, Issue 3 2007Virginie Voltzenlogel Summary:,Purpose: To examine the effects of temporal lobectomy (TL), particularly concerning its lateralization. Methods: Patients completed autobiographical memory tests, preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively. Results: (a) right TL (RTL) patients recalled significantly more memories from the year after surgery than from the year before TL; (b) their pre to postoperative improvement on autobiographical memory scores was positively correlated to improvement of delayed story recall scores; and (c) 1 year after surgery, performance on recent personal memory recall was normalized for RTL patients only. Conclusion: We suggest that, in the absence of recurrent seizures, the relative integrity of the left hemisphere together with residual right hemisphere structures sustains postoperative autobiographical memory consolidation, at least 1 year postoperatively. [source] Similar subcortical pattern of cognitive impairment in AIDS patients with and without dementiaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2000S. V. Suarez The aim of this study was to develop a series of neuropsychological tests that define the cortical and subcortical features of cognitive impairment and the characteristics of memory in demented and mildly cognitively impaired AIDS patients. We attempted to establish a usable method to assess and determine the type and degree of cognitive impairment in individual AIDS patients. We examined 53 patients without central nervous system opportunistic infections. A short battery included two scales of global efficiency (the Mattis dementia rating scale and the Mini Mental State Examination), a psychomotor speed test, an executive control assessment and explicit memory evaluation. Patients were categorized into four groups based on their score on both the Mattis dementia rating scale and the DSM-IV criteria: (1) asymptomatic; (2) having AIDS without cognitive impairment; (3) having AIDS with mild cognitive impairment; and (4) having AIDS dementia. Patients with mildly impaired cognition demonstrated slowed thinking, abnormal initiation and conceptualization, and memory impairment. AIDS dementia patients had slower motor activity and memory recall was more severely affected. The short neuropsychological battery was able to characterize modified cognitive performances in both severely and mildly cognitively impaired AIDS patients. The subcortical pattern of the memory disorder was obvious, regardless of the degree of cognitive impairment. [source] Psychopathology and autobiographical memory in stroke and non-stroke hospitalized patientsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2003Mark John Sampson Abstract Background Psychopathology and autobiographical memory were investigated in a cohort of stroke and non-stroke hospitalized patients. Both these cohorts have been identified as having high levels of psychopathology (Katon and Sullivan 1990; Burvill et al., 1995). Difficulties recalling specific autobiographical memories (overgeneral memory) have been identified as important psychological variables in depression and predictors of outcome (Williams and Scott 1988; Brittlebank et al., 1993). Intrusive autobiographical memories have also been found to be associated with depression and overgeneral memory in depressed women (Kuyken and Brewin, 1995) and depressed cancer patients (Brewin et al., 1998a). This study looked at levels of psychopathology and autobiographical memories in stroke and non-stroke hospital patients. Method 417 patients were screened, of the 176 eligible 103 agreed to participate (54 stroke and 49 non-stroke). Participants were assessed for overgenerality using the Autobiographical Memory Test and intrusiveness of memories using the Impact of Events Scale. Also assessed were PTSD-like symptoms (PCL-S), mood (HADS, GHQ-28) and cognitive ability (MMSE, verbal fluency, digit span and estimated pre-morbid IQ). Results No significant differences were found between stroke and non-stroke patients on severity of depression, anxiety, severity of PTSD-like symptoms or autobiographical memories. Backward multivariate regression analyses for combined data (stroke and non-stroke) indicated that overgeneral memory recall, intrusive memories of past events and intrusive memories of illness were significant independent predictors of depression (HADS). Avoidance of intrusive memories and reported childhood distress were not predictors of overgeneral memory recall. Significant predictors of overgeneral memory recall were; Gender, antidepressant medication, and estimated IQ. Conclusion Significant levels of psychopathology were identified in this cohort. However, there were no significant differences in the levels of depression, anxiety, PTSD symptoms and autobiographical memory between stroke and non-stroke hospitalized patients. Of particular interest was the finding that PTSD-like symptoms did not appear to be influenced by the nature of the person's illness. In combined data (stroke and non-stroke) autobiographical memories (intrusive images of their illness, intrusive memories of other events and overgeneral memory recall variables) were significant predictors of depression in this cohort. This suggests that psychological intervention of memory processes may be a worthwhile target in psychological intervention for depression in these cohorts. Gender, cognitive impairment, antidepressant medication, and estimated IQ were significant predictors of overgeneral memory recall and further investigation into the validity of these findings are warranted. Suggestions for further research and limitations of the study are also discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] No persisting effect of partial sleep curtailment on cognitive performance and declarative memory recall in adolescentsJOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 1-Part-I 2010MARTA KOPASZ Summary Growing evidence indicates that sleep facilitates learning and memory processing. Sleep curtailment is increasingly common in adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of short-term sleep curtailment on declarative memory consolidation in adolescents. A randomized, cross-over study design was chosen. Twenty-two healthy subjects, aged 14,16 years, spent three consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory with a bedtime of 9 h during the first night (adaptation), 4 h during the second (partial sleep curtailment) and 9 h during the third night (recovery). The control condition consisted of three consecutive nights with bedtimes of 9 h. Both experimental conditions were separated by at least 3 weeks. The acquisition phase for the declarative tests was between 16:00 and 18:00 hours before the second night. Memory performance was examined in the morning after the recovery night. Executive function, attention and concentration were also assessed to control for any possible effects of tiredness. During the 4-h night, we observed a curtailment of 50% of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM), 5% of slow wave sleep (SWS) and 70% of REM sleep compared with the control night. Partial sleep curtailment of one night did not influence declarative memory retrieval significantly. Recall in the paired-associate word list task was correlated positively with percentage of non-REM sleep in the recovery night. Declarative memory consolidation does not appear to be influenced by short-term sleep curtailment in adolescents. This may be explained by the high ability of adolescents to compensate for acute sleep loss. The correlation between non-REM sleep and declarative memory performance supports earlier findings. [source] Orally available compound prevents deficits in memory caused by the Alzheimer amyloid-, oligomersANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2006Matthew Townsend PhD Objective Despite progress in defining a pathogenic role for amyloid , protein (A,) in Alzheimer's disease, orally bioavailable compounds that prevent its effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function have not yet emerged. A particularly attractive therapeutic strategy is to selectively neutralize small, soluble A, oligomers that have recently been shown to mediate synaptic dysfunction. Methods Using electrophysiological, biochemical, and behavioral assays, we studied how scyllo -inositol (AZD-103; molecular weight, 180) neutralizes the acutely toxic effects of A, on synaptic function and memory recall. Results Scyllo -inositol, but not its stereoisomer, chiro -inositol, dose-dependently rescued long-term potentiation in mouse hippocampus from the inhibitory effects of soluble oligomers of cell-derived human A,. Cerebroventricular injection into rats of the soluble A, oligomers interfered with learned performance on a complex lever-pressing task, but administration of scyllo -inositol via the drinking water fully prevented oligomer-induced errors. Interpretation A small, orally available natural product penetrates into the brain in vivo to rescue the memory impairment produced by soluble A, oligomers through a mechanism that restores hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Ann Neurol 2006;60:668,676 [source] Effects of suppressing negative memories on intrusions and autobiographical memory specificityAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Elke Geraerts This study examines whether avoidance of negative memories results in intrusions as well as reduced memory specificity. Healthy participants suppressed memories of either a negative or a neutral autobiographical event. Individuals who suppressed negative memories tended to demonstrate smaller increases in negative mood than those who did not suppress their negative target memory. Neither suppression nor valence of the to-be-suppressed memory predicted decreases in memory specificity. Target memory-related intrusions during autobiographical memory retrieval predicted larger reductions in specific memory recall. Our findings are discussed in terms of affect regulation and other accounts of over-general memory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||