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Medical Terms (medical + term)
Selected AbstractsManagement of vulvar painDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 1 2004Gayle Fischer ABSTRACT:, Vulvodynia is a frequently used medical term that literally means "vulvar pain". Therefore, vulvodynia is a symptom, not a disease. The term itself indicates a variety of unpleasant chronic vulvar sensations, including burning, rawness, soreness, irritation, sensitivity, and formication. This may or may not include dyspareunia. Primary vulvodynia occurs when these sensory disturbances occur in the absence of observable dermatologic disease or vulvovaginal infection. There are several causes for this, including neuropathy, referred pain, and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction. For the purist, it is the patient in whom there is no observable reason for vulvar pain who represents the true case of vulvodynia. However, vulvodynia can also occur secondarily as a symptom of vulvar skin disease. Restricting the present paper to patients without objective signs leaves out all the important conditions which come into the differential diagnosis of vulvar pain which should be ruled out first. The first step in managing vulvodynia is making an accurate diagnosis of its cause. The present review summarizes the diagnosis and management of the chronic dermatologic diseases which may cause primary and secondary vulvodynia. The etiology of primary vulvodynia is much more poorly understood than secondary vulvodynia, and treatment of some aspects remains controversial. [source] Medicalizing melancholia: Exploring profiles of psychiatric professionalizationJOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2006Judith Misbach The nineteenth century was the site of radical changes in understanding mental illness. The professionalization of psychiatry consisted primarily of the discipline's aspiration to the status of an expert medical subspecialty. While all forms of insanity were eventually reframed in medical terms, melancholia,for moral and nosological reasons,assumed a special role that made it an ideal diagnosis for conceptual reframing. Our analysis of the journal literature of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in North America and Germany traces several ways in which melancholia was medicalized. As the care for the insane shifted into the professional realm of physicians and medical terminology came to replace prior descriptors of mental illness, melancholia was replaced by depression. In addition, the process of delineating affective pathology assumed a distinctly medical flavor. Finally, melancholia was firmly medicalized when its boundaries blurred with neurasthenia. Differences in how ordinary affective terms became medicalized in German and North American psychiatry illustrate the importance of local historical approaches. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The molecular genetics of holoprosencephaly,,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS, Issue 1 2010Erich Roessler§ Abstract Holoprosencephaly (HPE) has captivated the imagination of Man for millennia because its most extreme manifestation, the single-eyed cyclopic newborn infant, brings to mind the fantastical creature Cyclops from Greek mythology. Attempting to understand this common malformation of the forebrain in modern medical terms requires a systematic synthesis of genetic, cytogenetic, and environmental information typical for studies of a complex disorder. However, even with the advances in our understanding of HPE in recent years, there are significant obstacles remaining to fully understand its heterogeneity and extensive variability in phenotype. General lessons learned from HPE will likely be applicable to other malformation syndromes. Here we outline the common, and rare, genetic and environmental influences on this conserved developmental program of forebrain development and illustrate the similarities and differences between these malformations in humans and those of animal models. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Facial transplantation as an option in reconstructive surgery: no mountains too high?ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 12 2009Wojciech B, ogowski Abstract Background:, Human facial allotransplantation (FA) is a testament to the impressive progress, which was and is still happening in the field of transplantation medicine and reconstructive surgery. Like every pioneering treatment option, FA faces both the clinicians' and public opinion with a huge amount of medical and psychosocial dilemmas, which, in order to introduce FA as a scientifically and socially accepted procedure into clinical practice, need to be discussed, answered and solved. Methods:, This review is based on a detailed literature research in all relevant databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, specialist textbooks), however, recent papers (published between 2006 and 2008) were given highest priority for inclusion. Results:, In this review, two main limitations associated with facial tissue allotransplantation, that is, shortage of donations and life-long need for immunosuppressive treatment, are discussed and presented in both psychosocial and medical terms. Conclusion:, Although both of these limitations potentially could successfully inhibit the transformation of FA from an experimental therapy to the treatment of choice for patients with severe functional facial impairment, recent literature suggest that FA will find a meaningful place in facial reconstructive surgery. [source] Terms used to describe urinary tract infections , the importance of conceptual clarification,APMIS, Issue 2 2003PER-ERIK LISS Inaccuracies in medical language are detrimental to communication and statistics in medicine, and thereby to clinical practice, medical science and public health. The purpose of this article is to explore inconsistencies in the use of some medical terms: urinary tract infection, bacteriuria and urethral syndrome. The investigated literature was collected from medical dictionaries, textbooks, and articles indexed in Medline®. We found various practices regarding how the medical terms should be defined, and had great difficulty in interpreting the status of the statements under the heading of ,definition'. The lesson to be learned, besides a reminder of the importance of clearly defined medical concepts, is that it must be explicitly stated whether what is presented as a definition is to be considered as defining criterion, as recognising criterion or as characteristic of the disease entity. [source] Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz (1836,1921): An anatomist who left his markCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 3 2007Andreas Winkelmann Wilhelm Waldeyer was anatomist, physiologist, and pathologist during the German Empire (the so-called Second Reich). His scientific career left many traces still noticeable today. Not only is he commemorated in "his" pharyngeal lymphoid ring and other eponyms, but he also coined an impressive range of successful medical terms, including "chromosome" and "neuron." Moreover, Waldeyer left truly physical traces by donating parts of his body to his own Institute of Anatomy in Berlin. His scientific production does, however, also include "pseudoscientific" works, notably his questionable research on African brains. Clin. Anat. 20:231,234, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||