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Medical Risk (medical + risk)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences33%
Humanities and Social Sciences33%

Terms modified by Medical Risk

  • medical risk factor
    		•

    Selected Abstracts

    Keeping your globally mobile employees healthy, safe, and secure

    GLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE, Issue 1 2009
    Myles Druckman
    Companies are sending higher numbers of older employees to difficult or dangerous locations, which increases the chances of a medical event where healthcare services are least available. Business travelers and international assignees and their employers need to adequately assess and prepare for such possibilities. The author describes five key processes that will help companies perform duty of care and minimize risks to the employee and company alike; the elements of a best-practice international preassignment health program to ensure assignees are fit for work in locations with high medical risk; and the five responsibilities of globally mobile employees for protecting their health and getting medical help if they need it. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

    Effects of maternal depression and panic disorder on mother,infant interactive behavior in the Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm,

    INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 5 2008
    M. Katherine Weinberg
    The present study evaluated the interactive behavior of three groups of mothers and their 3-month-old infants in the Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm. The mothers had either a clinical diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 33) with no comorbidity, a clinical diagnosis of panic disorder (PD, n = 13) with no comorbidity, or no clinical diagnosis (n = 48). The sample was selected to be at otherwise low social and medical risk, and all mothers with PD or MDD were in treatment. The findings indicated that (a) infants of mothers with PD or MDD displayed the traditional still-face and reunion effects described in previous research with nonclinical samples; (b) the 3-month-old infants in this study showed similar, but not identical, gender effects to those described for older infants; and (c) there were no patterns of maternal or infant interactive behavior that were unique to the PD, MDD, or control groups. These results are discussed in light of mothers' risk status, receipt of treatment, severity of illness, and comorbidity of PD and MDD. [source]

    Anxiety affects the relationship between parents and their very low birth weight infants

    INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007
    Phyllis Zelkowitz
    The goal of this study was to examine the medical and sociodemographic factors associated with parental anxiety following the birth of a very low birth weight infant (VLBW, below 1500 g), and to determine the impact of anxiety on the behavior of parents with their VLBW infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The parents of 88 VLBW infants were recruited through the NICU of a tertiary-care hospital, approximately 2 weeks following delivery. Parents completed self-report questionnaires measuring anxiety, marital quality, and social support. Prior to discharge, each parent was observed twice during a feeding interaction with the infant. Maternal anxiety was greater when their infants were smaller in terms of birth weight and younger in gestational age. Maternal education, marital status, and country of origin, as well as social support and marital quality, were also associated with anxiety. Paternal anxiety was not related to socioeconomic status or infant medical risk, but was associated with country of origin, social support, and marital quality. For both mothers and fathers, anxiety was a better predictor of parental behavior than was infant medical risk. These findings suggest the need to intervene with anxious parents in order to promote satisfactory parent-infant relationships. [source]

    Thriving in the Face of Early Adversity

    JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Issue 1 2004
    Daphne Blunt Bugental
    Integrating theories drawn from biological, social, and developmental perspectives, Bugental's program of research tracked the outcomes experienced by children born with medical or physical disorders. At risk children who experienced harsh parenting manifested a low ability to cope with stress (e.g., they showed cortisol hyper-reactivity and low habituation). In contrast, at risk children who experienced supportive parenting showed adaptive hormonal responses and an exceptional ability to habituate to stress. Children who were not at risk manifested significantly less reactivity to their parenting history. Harsh parenting, in response to at risk children, was found to be moderated by parents' perceived powerlessness. A cognitively-based home visitation program yielded reductions in child maltreatment and the enhancement of health among infants born at medical risk. [source]

    The health of Australian baby boomers

    AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, Issue 1 2010
    Nancy Humpel
    The large baby boomer cohort is beginning to reach retirement age. This paper reviews recent Australian literature on baby boomers' health and health behaviours. Databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature and the Internet for online studies and reports. The boomers can expect an increased life span compared to those in later life now. Boomers' health behavioural risks include physical inactivity, low vegetable consumption, obesity and rising medical risk due to increasing prevalence of diabetes. Their health will impact on workforce participation and retirement timing. There is substantial scope for health improvement and consequent quality of life as boomers age. However, little is known about health decision-making, inequalities between social groups and health information sources. Future research can yield a better understanding of the health trajectories of baby boomers in order to plan for health and service needs for an ageing Australia. [source]

    Critical review of the vector status of Aedes albopictus

    MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 3 2004
    N. G. Gratz
    Abstract., The mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), originally indigenous to South-east Asia, islands of the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean, has spread during recent decades to Africa, the mid-east, Europe and the Americas (north and south) after extending its range eastwards across Pacific islands during the early 20th century. The majority of introductions are apparently due to transportation of dormant eggs in tyres. Among public health authorities in the newly infested countries and those threatened with the introduction, there has been much concern that Ae. albopictus would lead to serious outbreaks of arbovirus diseases (Ae. albopictus is a competent vector for at least 22 arboviruses), notably dengue (all four serotypes) more commonly transmitted by Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.). Results of many laboratory studies have shown that many arboviruses are readily transmitted by Ae. albopictus to laboratory animals and birds, and have frequently been isolated from wild-caught mosquitoes of this species, particularly in the Americas. As Ae. albopictus continues to spread, displacing Ae. aegypti in some areas, and is anthropophilic throughout its range, it is important to review the literature and attempt to predict whether the medical risks are as great as have been expressed in scientific journals and the popular press. Examination of the extensive literature indicates that Ae. albopictus probably serves as a maintenance vector of dengue in rural areas of dengue-endemic countries of South-east Asia and Pacific islands. Also Ae. albopictus transmits dog heartworm Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy) (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) in South-east Asia, south-eastern U.S.A. and both D. immitis and Dirofilaria repens (Raillet & Henry) in Italy. Despite the frequent isolation of dengue viruses from wild-caught mosquitoes, there is no evidence that Ae. albopictus is an important urban vector of dengue, except in a limited number of countries where Ae. aegypti is absent, i.e. parts of China, the Seychelles, historically in Japan and most recently in Hawaii. Further research is needed on the dynamics of the interaction between Ae. albopictus and other Stegomyia species. Surveillance must also be maintained on the vectorial role of Ae. albopictus in countries endemic for dengue and other arboviruses (e.g. Chikungunya, EEE, Ross River, WNV, LaCrosse and other California group viruses), for which it would be competent and ecologically suited to serve as a bridge vector. [source]

    Provider Utilization of High-Risk Donor Organs and Nucleic Acid Testing: Results of Two National Surveys

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 5 2009
    L. M. Kucirka
    Fears of infectious transmission from CDC high-risk donors (HRDs) remain a significant disincentive, and the potential for human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) nucleic acid testing (NAT) to allay these fears remains unstudied. We hypothesized that NAT, which narrows the window period between infection and detectability compared to the standard ELISA, might lead to increased provider willingness to use HRDs. Between January and April 2008, we performed two national surveys: one of current NAT practice among organ procurement organizations (OPOs); a second of HRD use among transplant surgeons. Surgeons who reported accepting 10% or more offers for a given HRD behavior and organ type were classified as ,high utilizers' of that subgroup. We built hierarchical models to examine associations between OPO NAT performance and provider utilization. Providers who ranked medical risks of HIV or HCV as important disincentives to HRD use had significantly lower odds of being high utilizers (HIV odds ratio 0.22, HCV odds ratio 0.41, p < 0.005). Furthermore, both HIV and HCV NAT performance were associated with significantly higher odds of being high utilizers (HIV odds ratio 1.58, HCV 2.69, p < 0.005). The demonstrated associations between OPO NAT performance and high provider utilization of HRDs should be considered in the ongoing debate about NAT in transplantation. [source]

    ELECTIVE TWIN REDUCTIONS: EVIDENCE AND ETHICS

    BIOETHICS, Issue 6 2010
    LEAH MCCLIMANS
    ABSTRACT Twelve years ago the British media got wind of a London gynecologist who performed an elective reduction on a twin pregnancy reducing it to a singleton. Perhaps not surprisingly, opinion on the moral status of twin reductions was divided. But in the last few years new evidence regarding the medical risks of twin pregnancies has emerged, suggesting that twin reductions are relevantly similar to the reductions performed on high-end multi-fetal pregnancies. This evidence has appeared to resolve the moral debate. In this paper I look at the role of clinical evidence in medical ethics. In particular I examine the role of clinical evidence in determining what counts as a significant harm or risk. First, I challenge the extent to which these empirical claims are descriptive, suggesting instead that the evidence is to some degree normative in character. Second, I question whether such empirical claims should count as evidence for what are essentially difficult ethical decisions , a role they appear to play in the case of elective reductions. I will argue that they should not, primarily because the value-laden nature of this evidence conceals much of what is ethically at stake. It is important to recognize that empirical evidence cannot be a substitute for ethical deliberation. [source]

    Infant and Neonatal Mortality for Primary Cesarean and Vaginal Births to Women with "No Indicated Risk," United States, 1998,2001 Birth Cohorts

    BIRTH, Issue 3 2006
    Marian F. MacDorman PhD
    ABSTRACT:,Background: The percentage of United States' births delivered by cesarean section has increased rapidly in recent years, even for women considered to be at low risk for a cesarean section. The purpose of this paper is to examine infant and neonatal mortality risks associated with primary cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery for singleton full-term (37,41 weeks' gestation) women with no indicated medical risks or complications. Methods: National linked birth and infant death data for the 1998,2001 birth cohorts (5,762,037 live births and 11,897 infant deaths) were analyzed to assess the risk of infant and neonatal mortality for women with no indicated risk by method of delivery and cause of death. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model neonatal survival probabilities as a function of delivery method, and sociodemographic and medical risk factors. Results: Neonatal mortality rates were higher among infants delivered by cesarean section (1.77 per 1,000 live births) than for those delivered vaginally (0.62). The magnitude of this difference was reduced only moderately on statistical adjustment for demographic and medical factors, and when deaths due to congenital malformations and events with Apgar scores less than 4 were excluded. The cesarean/vaginal mortality differential was widespread, and not confined to a few causes of death. Conclusions: Understanding the causes of these differentials is important, given the rapid growth in the number of primary cesareans without a reported medical indication. (BIRTH 33:3 September 2006) [source]