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Medium Size (medium + size)
Selected AbstractsCombining Krylov subspace methods and identification-based methods for model order reductionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING: ELECTRONIC NETWORKS, DEVICES AND FIELDS, Issue 6 2007P. J. Heres Abstract Many different techniques to reduce the dimensions of a model have been proposed in the near past. Krylov subspace methods are relatively cheap, but generate non-optimal models. In this paper a combination of Krylov subspace methods and orthonormal vector fitting (OVF) is proposed. In that way a compact model for a large model can be generated. In the first step, a Krylov subspace method reduces the large model to a model of medium size, then a compact model is derived with OVF as a second step. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Skeletal remains of dogs unearthed from the Van-Yoncatepe necropolisesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 5 2002Vedat Onar Abstract A total of 15 dog skulls and a number of bones have been discovered in two burial chambers dating from 1,000 BC in the necropolises of the Van-Yoncatepe Castle in eastern Turkey. The finds were a dog skeleton in burial chamber M5 and 14 dog skulls and plenty of bones in burial chamber M6. It was determined on examination that the skeleton found in burial chamber M5 was an 11,12-year female dog, and that the skulls unearthed from burial chamber M6 belonged to dogs with an age range of seven to eight months to 12,13 years. In the latter chamber, however, except for one skull whose sex could not be determined, one was ascertained to belong to a female dog and the rest to males. Calculations of 20 different indices and ratios were made on the skulls. This showed that these skulls were of the dolichocephalic type. It was observed that there were signs of a widespread periodontal disease and alveolar recession. Enamel hypoplasia and abscess chambers detected on the teeth, and deformations observed in the hard palate were evidence enough to suggest that these were undernourished dogs. There were also some facial fractures, which were noticed to have occurred before death. On the other hand, examination carried out on the bones revealed that the dogs were of medium size, and that they were likely to have had a withers height of 50,55 cm. The data obtained from both the burial chambers brought to light the fact that these dogs were more of the hunting or working types. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Demographic analysis of dormancy and survival in the terrestrial orchid Cypripedium reginaeJOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2004MARC KÉRY Summary 1We use capture-recapture models to estimate the fraction of dormant ramets, survival and state transition rates, and to identify factors affecting these rates, for the terrestrial orchid Cypripedium reginae. We studied two populations in West Virginia, USA, for 11 years and investigated relationships between grazing and demography. Abe Run's population was small, with moderate herbivory by deer and relatively constant population size. The population at Big Draft was of medium size, with heavy deer grazing, and a sharply declining number of flowering plants up to the spring before our study started, when the population was fenced. 2We observed dormant episodes lasting from 1 to 4 years. At Abe Run and Big Draft, 32.5% and 7.4% of ramets, respectively, were dormant at least once during the study period for an average of 1.6 and 1.3 years, respectively. We estimated the annual fraction of ramets in the dormant state at 12.3% (95% CI 9.5,15.8%) at Abe Run and at 1.8% (95% CI 1.2,2.6%) at Big Draft. Transition rates between the dormant, vegetative and flowering life-states did not vary between years in either population. Most surviving ramets remained in the same state from one year to the next. Survival rates were constant at Abe Run (0.96, 95% CI 0.93,0.97), but varied between years at Big Draft (0.89,0.99, mean 0.95). 3At Big Draft, we found neither a temporal trend in survival after cessation of grazing, nor relationships between survival and the number of spring frost days or cumulative precipitation during the current or the previous 12 months. However, analysis of precipitation on a 3-month basis revealed a positive relationship between survival and precipitation during the spring (March,May) of the previous year. 4Relationship between climate and the population dynamics of orchids may have to be studied with a fine temporal resolution, and considering possible time lags. Capture-recapture modelling provides a comprehensive and flexible framework for demographic analysis of plants with dormancy. [source] New species of the diatom genus Fryxelliella (Bacillariophyta), Fryxelliella pacifica sp. nov., from the tropical Mexican PacificPHYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2008David U. Hernández-Becerril SUMMARY During phytoplankton monitoring of coasts off Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, in the tropical Mexican Pacific, a new species, Fryxelliella pacifica sp. nov., was found and is described in this paper. The species is solitary, with cells of medium size, discoid with three relatively large ocelli on the valve face, located close to the margins (3,5 areolae from the margins) and placed symmetrically. Significantly, it possesses the morphological characters that distinguish the genus Fryxelliella from related genera: the presence of the ,circumferential marginal tube' (siphon marginalis), the external subcircular or subtriangular apertures at the valve margins, and the ,juxtaposed rectangular plates' in the valve mantle. The species that appears to be the most closely related is Fryxelliella floridana Prasad, an extant species and the type of the genus. However Fryxelliella pacifica differs from it (i) the size and shape of the cell; (ii) the size, location and structure of the ocelli (which additionally are not elevated); (iii) the shape and density of the subcircular to subtriangular marginal apertures; (iv) the external morphology of the rimoportulae (short process, two concentric tubes with the outer tube tip as a crown); and (v) it is marine rather than brackish. Externally the rimoportulae have a rather complex structure of two concentric tubes: the exterior tube has a tip divided like a crown. In spite of the fact this species was found in plankton samples, it is considered to inhabit sandy sediments (epipsammic) or as tychoplanktonic. [source] Cylinder-shaped ultrasonic motors based on conventional piezoelectric ceramics and novel single crystalsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 8 2010Laihui Luo Abstract Two medium-sized ultrasonic motors using the first-order bending vibration (B1) of a cylinder with two free,free ends have been developed in this study. The cylinder-shaped stators are 10,mm in diameter and 25,mm in length. They are based on novel Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3,PbTiO3 (PMN,PT) single crystal and conventional Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) ceramic. The stators of the motors were simulated by a finite element method. The main performances of the motors were measured. The results show that the PMN,PT-crystal-based motor with medium size overmatches the conventional PZT-based motor with: wider exciting frequency; lower exciting voltage, and much larger mechanical output power. The largest revolution speed of the PMN,PT motor is 780,rpm and a maximum load of ,0.008,N,m. [source] A new species of Pseudoloris (Omomyidae, Primates) from the middle Eocene of Sant Jaume de Frontanyŕ (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain)AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Raef Minwer-Barakat Abstract In this article we describe a new species of Pseudoloris (Omomyidae, Primates) from the Robiacian (middle Eocene) locality of Sant Jaume de Frontanyŕ (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain). Pseudoloris pyrenaicus is characterized by its medium size, thickened paracristid, absence of a distinct paraconid, and well-developed buccal cingulid in the lower molars, large hypoconulid in the M3, paraconule and hypocone reduced in the M1 and M2 and absent in the M3. The material from Sant Jaume de Frontanyŕ constitutes the most abundant sample of the genus Pseudoloris found until now in the Iberian Peninsula. Almost all the dental elements have been recovered, including those teeth hardly known for other species of the genus, such as lower and upper incisors. The new species shows intermediate features between Pseudoloris isabenae from Capella and Pseudoloris parvulus, present in different Spanish and French sites. Therefore, we consider that Pseudoloris pyrenaicus is an intermediate form between these two species. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:92,99, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Gross and Microscopic Anatomy of the Pineal Gland in Nasua nasua, Coati (Linnaeus, 1766)ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 6 2008P. O. Favaron Summary Nasua nasua, coati, is a mammal of the Carnivora order and Procyonidae family. It lives in bands composed of females and young males. The pineal gland or epiphysis of brain is endocrine, producing the melatonin. Its function is the control of the cycle of light environment, characteristic of day and night. For this research, five adult coatis were used, originating from CECRIMPAS-UNIfeob (Proc. IBAMA 02027.003731/04-76), Brazil. The animals were killed and perfusion-fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Pineals were measured and a medium size was found to be 2.3-mm-long and 1.3-mm-wide. Pineal gland was located in the habenular commissure in the most caudal portion of the third ventricular roof, lying in a dorso-caudal position from the base to the apex. Pinealocytes were predominantly found in the glandular parenchyma. Distinct and heterogeneous arrangements of these cells throughout the three pineal portions were observed as follows: linear cords at the apex, circular cords at the base of the gland, whereas at the body a transition arrangement was found. Calcareous concretions could be observed in the apex. The pineal gland was classified as subcallosal type [Rec. Méd. Vét.1, 36 (1956)] and as AB type [Prog. Brain Res. 42, 25 (1979); The Pineal Organ, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag (1981)]. [source] Changes in the amount of proteins, glycogen and lipids in porcine oocytes during in vitro meiotic maturationANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2002Sueo NIIMURA ABSTRACT Changes in the cytoplasmic inclusions during meiotic maturation were histochemically examined in cultured porcine oocytes. The oocytes contained a small amount of protein and glycogen granules throughout the maturation culture, as well as Sudanophilic lipids composed of small, medium and large droplets. Soon after collection, the amount of Sudanophilic lipid droplets of small and medium size was small and there were 167 ± 11.2 large droplets. After being cultured for 22 h, the number of large lipid droplets decreased remarkably, while the number of small and medium ones increased. There were no differences in the number of Sudanophilic lipid droplets of different sizes between ovulated oocytes and the oocytes cultured for 44 h. The oocytes always contained a large amount of neutral fats and lipoids, but not cholesterols. In the oocytes cultured for 22 h with olomoucine, both the resumption of nuclear maturation and the decrease in the size of the Sudanophilic lipid droplets were inhibited. From the present findings, it appears that the change in the size of the Sudanophilic lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of porcine oocytes is closely related to nuclear maturation. [source] A GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ANCIENT QUARRIES OF SIDI GHEDAMSY ISLAND (MONASTIR, TUNISIA)ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 4 2010M. E. GAIED Amongst a large number of ancient quarries scattered along the North African coast, those at Sidi Ghedamsy (Monastir, Tunisia) have supplied building stones of Pliocene age. Two lithofacies have been distinguished in the quarry faces: (i) fine sandy limestone, which has been used in the construction of Roman and Arabic monuments; and (ii) porous and coarse limy sandstone, which is of bad quality for construction. Laboratory analysis results confirm that the exploitation of stone in antiquity was well focused on the levels containing the first type. This is confirmed by geotechnical tests, which show that the fine sandy limestone is harder and less porous than the coarse limy sandstone. Extraction of these stones began in the Roman period. The Romans exploited the quarries using steel tools that permitted the extraction of blocks from several levels. In the eighth century, Arabic quarry workers continued the stone extraction using the same technique, but they produced blocks of small and medium size. Statistical measurements have been done on the quarry faces and on the walls of the Ribat in order to understand the degree of conformity between the dimensions of the extracted blocks and those used for building, and ultimately to attempt to date the quarries and the construction of the Ribat. [source] | ||||||||||