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Medial Femoral Condyle (medial + femoral_condyle)
Selected AbstractsA cranial intercondylar arthroscopic approach to the caudal medial femorotibial joint of the horseEQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009T. Muurlink Summary Reason for performing study: Current noninvasive techniques for imaging the soft tissue structures of the stifle have limitations. Arthroscopy is commonly used for the investigation and treatment of stifle pain. Cranial and caudal arthroscopic approaches to the femorotibial joints are used. However, complete examination of the axial aspect of the medial femorotibial joint (MFTJ) is not possible currently. Objective: To develop a cranial approach to the caudal pouch of the MFTJ and to assess whether it would allow a more complete examination of the compartment and facilitate the caudomedial approach. Method: The regional anatomy was reviewed and the technique developed on cadavers. A series of nonrecovery surgeries were performed to evaluate the procedure, which was then used in 7 clinical cases. Advantages compared to existing techniques and complications encountered were recorded. Results: Successful entry into the caudal pouch of the MFTJ was achieved in 20 of 22 cadaver legs, 8 of 8 joints of nonrecovery surgery horses and 6 of 7 clinical cases operated. The caudal ligament of the medial meniscus could be visualised, along with other axial structures of the caudal joint pouch. The technique was used to facilitate a caudomedial approach and allowed better triangulation within the joint space. Complications were minor and included puncture of the caudal joint capsule and scoring of the axial medial femoral condyle. Conclusions and potential relevance: It is possible to access the caudal pouch of the MFTJ arthroscopically using a cranial intercondylar approach. The technique has advantages when compared to existing techniques and is associated with few significant complications. A cranial approach to the caudal pouch of the MFTJ could complement existing techniques and be useful clinically. [source] Influence of Different Surface Machining Treatments of Magnesium-based Resorbable Implants on the Degradation Behavior in Rabbits,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 5 2009Nina Von Der Höh The surface of magnesium,calcium implants (MgCa0.8) was differently treated which resulted in cylinders with smooth, sand-blasted, or threaded surface. These cylinders were implanted into the medial femoral condyle of New Zealand White rabbits. The degradation behavior and the reaction of the organism were assessed by clinical compatibility, radiographs, and µ -computed tomography. [source] Ex vivo magnetic resonance microscopy of an osteochondral transfer,JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 5 2003Erik F. Petersen BS Abstract A 49-year-old woman with right knee pain and a chondral defect on the medial femoral condyle underwent an osteochondral transfer. The patient initially had pain relief, but then sustained a twisting injury and had progressive chondromalacia and pain on the affected side. She subsequently underwent a total knee replacement, and the tissue from the osteochondral transfer (OATS) site was harvested for analysis. In vitro MR microimaging of the excised joint segment revealed undamaged, full-thickness cartilage on the OATS plug, intact cartilage on the posterior condyle, and severely thinned and damaged cartilage on the anterior condyle. Alcian blue-stained sections revealed that proteoglycans were present throughout the OATS core but were nearly absent in the native cartilage. Quantitative T1 data acquired after equilibration with Gd-DTPA indicated a distribution of matrix fixed charge in the OATS plug and anterior tissue that agreed well with histology and literature observations, while the posterior native cartilage appeared to have fixed charge similar to that of the OATS tissue. Histology revealed poor graft integration between OATS and native cartilage, with a distinct layer of fibrous tissue at the posterior interface. MRI images, by comparison, showed a hypointense feature at the posterior interface but uniform intensity across the anterior interface. Quantitative T2, magnetization transfer and T1 data acquired with and without gadolinium contrast showed dependences on depth, location, and pathology that were consistent with measurements reported in the literature for articular cartilage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:603,608. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Replacement of the medial tibial plateau by a metallic implant in a goat modelJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010Roel J.H. Custers Abstract The purposes of the present study were to explore the surgical possibilities for replacement of the medial tibial plateau by a metallic implant in a large animal model and to examine the implications for the opposing cartilage. In six goats, the medial tibial plateau of the right knee was replaced by a cobalt,chromium implant, using polymethylmethacrylate bone cement for fixation. The unoperated left knee served as a control. At 26 weeks after surgery, the animals were killed, and the joints evaluated macroscopically. Cartilage quality was analyzed macroscopically and histologically. Glycosaminoglycan content, synthesis, and release were measured in tissue and medium. All animals were able to move and load the knees without any limitations. Macroscopic articular evaluation scores showed worsening 26 weeks after inserting the implant (p,<,0.05). Macroscopic and histologic scores showed more cartilage degeneration of the opposing medial femoral condyle in the experimental knee compared to the control knee (p,<,0.05). Higher glycosaminoglycan synthesis was measured at the medial femoral condyle cartilage in the experimental knees (p,<,0.05). This study shows that the medial tibial plateau can be successfully replaced by a cobalt,chromium implant in a large animal model. However, considerable femoral cartilage degeneration of the medial femoral condyle was induced, suggesting that care must be taken introducing hemiarthroplasty devices in a human clinical setting for the treatment of postmeniscectomy cartilage degeneration of the medial tibial plateau. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:429,435, 2010 [source] Comparison of articular and auricular cartilage as a cell source for the autologous chondrocyte implantationJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 7 2009Elvira Mali Abstract Articular (medial femoral condyle) and auricular cartilage (anithelix) was compared as a cell source for the autologous joint repair. Cells isolated from five human cadaveric donors were cultured parallel in the monolayer cultures and in the 3D alginate hydrogel constructs for 1 week. Cell morphology was controlled by the fluorescent microscopy and gene expressions of type I collagen (COL1), type II collagen (COL2), aggrecan (AGR), versican (VER), and elastin (ELS) were analyzed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. COL1 and ELS, predominant in the phenotype of auricular biopsy, were statistically lower in the articular biopsies. Even though COL2 and AGR decreased in monolayers of both cell sources, the dedifferentiation process affected auricular cells intensely. Cells embedded in the alginate hydrogel directly after the isolation did not exhibit the dedifferentiated phenotype. Additionally, COL1, COL2, AGR, and VER were comparable between the two sources. ELS however, remained higher in the auricular cells regardless of the culture type. The study indicates that auricular chondrocytes cultured in a 3D environment immediately after the isolation have a neo-cartilage potential for the articular surface reconstruction. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 943,948, 2009 [source] Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation in sheep: objective assessments including confocal arthroscopyJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2008C. W. Jones Abstract The assessment of cartilage repair has largely been limited to macroscopic observation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or destructive biopsy. The aims of this study were to establish an ovine model of articular cartilage injury repair and to examine the efficacy of nondestructive techniques for assessing cartilage regeneration by matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI). The development of nondestructive assessment techniques facilitates the monitoring of repair treatments in both experimental animal models and human clinical subjects. Defects (Ø 6 mm) were created on the trochlea and medial femoral condyle of 21 sheep randomized into untreated controls or one of two treatment arms: MACI or collagen-only membrane. Each group was divided into 8-, 10-, and 12-week time points. Repair outcomes were examined using laser scanning confocal arthroscopy (LSCA), MRI, histology, macroscopic ICRS grading, and biomechanical compression analysis. Interobserver analysis of the randomized blinded scoring of LSCA images validated our scoring protocol. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated the correlation between LSCA, MRI, and ICRS grading. Testing of overall treatment effect independent of time point revealed significant differences between MACI and control groups for all sites and assessment modalities (Asym Sig,<,0.05), except condyle histology. Biomechanical analysis suggests that while MACI tissue may resemble native tissue histologically in the early stages of remodeling, the biomechanical properties remain inferior at least in the short term. This study demonstrates the potential of a multisite sheep model of articular cartilage defect repair and its assessment via nondestructive methods. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:292,303, 2008 [source] Safety of, and biological and functional response to, a novel metallic implant for the management of focal full-thickness cartilage defects: Preliminary assessment in an animal model out to 1 yearJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 5 2006Carl A. Kirker-Head Abstract Focal full-thickness cartilage lesions of the human medial femoral condyle (MFC) can cause pain and functional impairment. Affected middle-aged patients respond unpredictably to existing treatments and knee arthroplasty may be required, prompting risk of revision. This study assesses the safety of, and biological and functional response to, a metallic resurfacing implant which may delay or obviate the need for traditional arthroplasty. The anatomic contour of the surgically exposed MFC of six adult goats was digitally mapped and an 11 mm diameter full-thickness osteochondral defect was created. An anchor-based Co,Cr resurfacing implant, matching the mapped articular contour, was implanted. Each goat's contralateral unoperated femorotibial joint was used as a control. Postoperative outcome was assessed by lameness examination, radiography, arthroscopy, synoviocentesis, necropsy, and histology up to 26 (n,=,3) or 52 (n,=,3) weeks. By postoperative week (POW) 4, goats demonstrated normal range of motion, no joint effusion, and only mild lameness in the operated limb. By POW 26 the animals were sound with only occasional very mild lameness. Arthroscopy at POW 14 revealed moderate synovial inflammation and a chondral membrane extending centrally across the implant surface. Radiographs at POWs 14 to 52 implied implant stability in the operated joints, as well as subchondral bone remodeling and mild exostosis formation in the operated and contralateral unoperated joints of some goats. By POW 26, histology revealed new trabecular bone abutting the implant. At POWs 26 and 52 MFC cartilage was metachromatic and intact in the operated and unoperated femorotibial joints. Proximal tibiae of some operated and unoperated limbs demonstrated limited subchondral bone remodeling and foci of articular cartilage fibrillation and thinning. The chondral membrane crossing the prosthesis possessed a metachromatic matrix containing singular and clustered chondrocytes. Our data imply the safety, biocompatibility, and functionality of the implant. Focal articular damage was documented in the operated joints at POWs 26 and 52, but lesions were much reduced over those previously reported in untreated defects. Expanded animal or preclinical human studies are justified. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res [source] Body size and joint posture in primatesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2009John D. Polk Abstract Body mass has been shown in experimental and comparative morphological studies to have a significant effect on joint posture in major limb joints. The generalizability of experimental studies is limited by their use of small sample sizes and limited size ranges. In contrast, while comparative morphological studies often have increased sample sizes, the connection between joint posture and morphological variables is often indirect. The current study infers joint postures for a large sample of primates using an experimentally validated method, and tests whether larger primates use more extended joint postures than smaller species. Postures are inferred through the analysis of patterns of subchondral bone apparent density on the medial femoral condyle. Femora from 94 adult wild-shot individuals of 28 species were included. Apparent density measurements were obtained from CT scans using AMIRA software, and the angular position of the anterior-most extent of the region of maximum apparent density on the medial femoral condyle was recorded. In general, the hypothesis that larger-bodied primates use more extended knee posture was supported, but it should be noted that considerable variation exists, particularly at small body sizes. This indicates that smaller species are less constrained by their body size, and their patterns of apparent density are consistent with a wide range of knee postures. The size-related increase in inferred joint posture was observed in most major groups of primates, and this observation attests to the generalizability of Biewener's model that relates body size and joint posture. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Profiling microRNA expression in bovine articular cartilage and implications for mechanotransductionARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 8 2009Walter Dunn Objective Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with precise polarity and organization comprising 3 distinct functional zones: the surface, middle, and deep zones. Each zone has a different gene expression pattern that plays a specific role in articular cartilage development and maintenance. MicroRNA (miRNA) are small noncoding gene products that play an important regulatory role in determining cell differentiation and function. The purpose of this study was to test our hypothesis that miRNA expression profiles in the different articular cartilage zones as well as between regions subjected to different levels of weight-bearing stresses are unique. Methods Using an miRNA microarray approach in conjunction with quantitative reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction, we identified miRNA in bovine articular cartilage that were differentially expressed in the different functional zones and in the anterior weight-bearing and posterior non,weight-bearing regions of the medial femoral condyle (M1 and M4, respectively). Results We identified miRNA-221 and miR-222 as part of a subset of differentially expressed miRNA that were up-regulated in articular cartilage in the anterior, M1, greater weight-bearing location. Additionally, miR-126, miR-145, and miR-335 were down-regulated in monolayers of tissue-cultured chondrocytes as compared with levels determined directly from intact native cartilage. Conclusion In conclusion, miR-222 expression patterns in articular cartilage are higher in the weight-bearing anterior medial condyle as compared with the posterior non,weight-bearing medial condyle. Thus, miR-222 might be a potential regulator of an articular cartilage mechanotransduction pathway. These data implicate miRNA in the maintenance of articular cartilage homeostasis and are therefore targets for articular cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. [source] Effect of oral glucosamine on cartilage and meniscus in normal and chymopapain-injected knees of young rabbitsARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 9 2002Theodore R. Oegema Jr. Objective To determine if oral glucosamine (GlcN) improves joint biology after acute damage by a protease. Methods The effect of 8 weeks of dietary GlcN (20 or 100 mg/kg/day) on knee joint cartilage was evaluated in 2.2-kg male NZW rabbits with and without damage introduced by intraarticular injection of chymopapain (CP). Cartilage was evaluated histologically and scored according to the Mankin scale. Analyses of total hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents and reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of selected genes were performed. Results After 8 weeks, there was no effect of GlcN on the GAG content of normal cartilage. Both levels of GlcN treatment significantly increased the sulfated GAG content in the cartilage of the medial femoral condyle in damaged and contralateral knees, but did not change the collagen content. In CP-injected knees, there was still some loss of surface proteoglycan (PG) that was not completely corrected by dietary GlcN. Even after 8 weeks, levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) detected by RT-PCR showed changes indicative of damage and repair, such as elevated type II collagen mRNA, and these levels were not influenced by GlcN treatment. Meniscal GAG content was increased in the contralateral knee of rabbits receiving high-dose GlcN, but was decreased in those receiving no GlcN or low-dose GlcN. Neither diet nor treatment affected the meniscal collagen content. Conclusion These results suggest that oral GlcN treatment might be useful in a situation where GlcN is limiting, such as where there is a rapid replacement of cartilage PG. [source] Histological evaluation of oral implants inserted with different surgical techniques into the trabecular bone of goatsCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007Manal M. Shalabi Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of implant surface topography and surgical technique on bone response. Material and methods: For the experiment, 48 screw-designed implants were used with two different surface finishes, i.e. machined and ,blasted, etched'. The implants were inserted into the left and right medial femoral condyle of eight goats using three different surgical approaches: press-fit (implant diameter=implant bed diamete(r), undersized (implant bed diameter Failure of xenoimplantation using porcine synovium-derived stem cell-based cartilage tissue constructs for the repair of rabbit osteochondral defectsJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 8 2010Ming Pei Abstract The use of xenogeneic tissues offers many advantages with respect to availability, quality control, and timing of tissue harvest. Our previous study indicated that implantation of premature tissue constructs from allogeneic synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) facilitated cartilage tissue regeneration. The present study investigated the feasibility of xenoimplantation of SDSC-based premature tissue constructs for the repair of osteochondral defects. Porcine SDSCs were mixed with fibrin gel, seeded in polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds, and cultured in a rotating bioreactor system supplemented for 1 month with growth factor cocktails. The engineered porcine premature tissues were implanted to repair surgically induced osteochondral defects in the medial femoral condyles of 12 rabbits. Three weeks after surgery, the xenoimplantation group exhibited a smooth, whitish surface while the untreated control remained empty. Surprisingly, 6 months after surgery, the xenoimplantation group displayed some tissue loss while the untreated control group was overgrown with fibrocartilage tissue. In the xenoimplantation group, chronic inflammation was observed in synovial tissue where porcine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen positively stained in the engulfed foreign bodies. In addition, porcine source cells also migrated from the implantation site and may have been responsible for the observed loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) underneath surrounding articular cartilage. The histological score was much worse in the xenoimplanted group than in the untreated control. Our study suggested that SDSC-based xenogeneic tissue constructs might cause delayed immune rejection. Xenotransplantation may not be an appropriate approach to repair osteochondral defects. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1064,1070, 2010 [source] Sheep embryonic stem-like cells transplanted in full-thickness cartilage defectsJOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, Issue 3 2009Maria Dattena Abstract Articular cartilage regeneration is limited. Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines provide a source of totipotent cells for regenerating cartilage. Anatomical, biomechanical, physiological and immunological similarities between humans and sheep make this animal an optimal experimental model. This study examines the repair process of articular cartilage in sheep after transplantation of ES-like cells isolated from inner cell masses (ICMs) derived from in vitro -produced (IVP) vitrified embryos. Thirty-five ES-like colonies from 40 IVP embryos, positive for stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEAs), were pooled in groups of two or three, embedded in fibrin glue and transplanted into osteochondral defects in the medial femoral condyles of 14 ewes. Empty defect (ED) and cell-free glue (G) in the controlateral stifle joint served as controls. The Y gene sequence was used to detect ES-like cells in the repair tissue by in situ hybridization (ISH). Two ewes were euthanized at 1 month post-operatively, three each at 2 and 6 months and four at 12 months. Repairing tissue was examined by biomechanical, macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical (collagen type II) and ISH assays. Scores of all treatments showed no statistical significant differences among treatment groups at a given time period, although ES-like grafts showed a tendency toward a better healing process. ISH was positive in all ES-like specimens. This study demonstrates that ES-like cells transplanted into cartilage defects stimulate the repair process to promote better organization and tissue bulk. However, the small number of cells applied and the short interval between surgery and euthanasia might have negatively affected the results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Injectable calcium phosphate cement as a filler for bone defects around oral implants: an experimental study in goatsCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002Luca Comuzzi Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical applicability and biological behavior of a newly developed injectable calcium phosphate (Ca-P) cement as bone filler for gaps around oral implants. Twenty-four step-like implants, creating gaps of 1 and 2 mm, were inserted into the trabecular bone of the medial femoral condyles of six goats. Four different situations were tested: (1) implant + gaps; (2) implant + gaps, but covered with a polylactic acid membrane; (3) implant + gaps that were filled with Ca-P cement; and (4) implant + gaps that were filled with Ca-P cement and covered with a membrane. All implants were left in place for 12 weeks. Histological and quantitative histomorphometrical measurements demonstrated that implants + gaps had generally poor bone contact at the implant base. Furthermore, fibrous encapsulation was observed in the gap part. In contrast, the presence of a membrane promoted bone ingrowth into the gap and also the bone contact at the implant base. Injection of Ca-P cement resulted in an almost complete filling of the gaps around the implant. The cement surface was completely covered by bone. Active resorption and remodeling of cement particles was observed, suggesting a pattern of slow resorption associated with full replacement with newly formed bone. Additional use of a membrane did not result in adjunctive benefits. Bone-to-implant contact at the implant base was comparable with the implants provided only with a membrane. In conclusion, the Ca-P cement used here showed excellent clinical handling properties combined with a superior bone behavior. On the other hand, the degradation rate of the material was still very slow. This current characteristic can hamper the final clinical applicability of the material as gap filler for periimplant or periodontal defects. Résumé Le but de l'étude présente a été d'évaluer l'application clinique et le comportement biologique d'un nouveau ciment de calcium de phosphate injectable (Ca-P) comme comblement osseux pour les cavités autour des implantes dentaires. Vingt-quatre implants créant des cavités de 1 et 2 mm ont été insérés dans l'os trabéculaire des condyles fémoraux moyens de six chèvres. Quatre situations différentes ont été testées: 1) implant + cavités; 2) implant = cavités recouvertes par une membrane en acide polylactique, 3) implant + cavités comblées par le ciment Ca-P et 4) implant + cavités comblées par le ciment Ca-P et recouvertes par une membrane. Tous les implants ont été laissés in situ pendant douze semaines. Les mesures histologiques et quantitatives histomorphométriques ont démontré que les implants + cavités avaient généralement un contact osseux pauvre au niveau de la base implantaire. De plus, une encapsulation fibreuse était observée dans la partie cavité. Par contre, la présence d'une membrane favorisait la croissance osseuse dans la cavité ainsi que le contact osseux à la base de l'implant. L'injection du cément Ca-P résultait en une réparation quasi complète des cavités autour de l'implant. La surface cémentaire était complètement recouverte d'os. La résorption active et le remodelage des particules de cément étaient observés, ce qui suggérait un système de résorption lente associéà un remplacement complet par de l'os néóformé. L'usage additionnel d'une membrane ne s'accompagnait pas de bénéfice supplémentaire. Le contact os/implant à la base de l'implant était comparable à celui des implants installés seulement avec une membrane. En conclusion, le ciment Ca-P possèdait des propriétés cliniques excellentes combinées à un comportement osseux supérieur. Par contre le taux de dégradation du matériel était toujours très lent. Cette caractéristique pourrait gêner l'application clinique finale de ce matériel en tant que comblement des cavités autour des implants ou dans les lésions parodontales. Zusammenfassung Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die klinische Anwendbarkeit und das biologische Verhalten eines neu entwickelten injizierbaren Kalziumphosphatzements (Ca-P) als Knochenfüller bei oralen Implantaten auszuwerten. Vierundzwanzig stufenförmige Implantate, welche Defekte von 1 und 2 mm kreieren, wurden in den trabekulären Knochen der medialen femoralen Kondylen von 6 Ziegen eingesetzt. Vier verschiedene Situationen wurden getestet: 1) Implantat + Defekte; 2) Implantat + Defekte, aber bedeckt mit einer Membran aus Polimilchsäure; 3) Implantat + Defekte, welche mit Ca-P-Zement gefüllt wurden; 4) Implantat + Defekte, welche mit Ca-P-Zement gefüllt und mit einer Membran bedeckt wurden. Alle implantate wurden 12 Wochen belassen. Histologische und quantitative histomorphometrische Messungen zeigten, dass Implantate + Defekte generell schlechten Knochenkontakt an der Implantatbasis aufwiesen. Ausserdem wurde eine fibröse Einkapselung im Bereich der Defekte beobachtet. Im Gegensatz dazu bewirkte die Präsenz einer Membran das Einwachsen von Knochen in die Defekte und der Knochenkontakt an der Implantatbasis wurde gefördert. Die Injektion von Ca-P-Zement resultierte in einer fast kompletten Auffüllung der Defekte um die Implantate. Die Zementoberfläche war völlig mit Knochen bedeckt. Es konnte eine aktive Resorption und eine Remodellierung der Zementpartikel beobachtet werden. Dies lässt ein Muster mit langsamer Resorption assoziiert mit komplettem Ersatz durch neugebildeten Knochen vermuten. Die zusätzliche Verwendung einer Membran brachte keine weiteren Vorteile. Der Knochen-/Implantat-Kontakt an der Implantatbasis war vergleichbar mit den Implantaten, die nur mit einer Membran abgedeckt worden waren. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass der verwendete Ca-P-Zement eine exzellente Handhabung kombiniert mit ausserodentlichem Knochenverhalten zeigte. Andererseits war die Zersetzungsrate des Materials immer noch sehr Gering. Diese momentanen Eigenschaften können letztendlich die klinische Anwendbarkeit des Materials als Defektfüller bei periimplantären und parodontalen Defekten behindern. Resumen La intención del presente estudio fue evaluar la aplicabilidad clínica y el comportamiento biológico de un cemento recientemente desarrollado de fosfato de calcio (Ca-P) como relleno óseo para huecos alrededor de los implantes orales. Se insertaron veinticuatro implantes del tipo escalón creando huecos de 1 y 2 mm en el hueso trabecular de los cóndilos femorales mediales de 6 cabras. Se probaron cuatro situaciones diferentes: 1) implantes + huecos; 2) implantes + huecos, pero cubiertos con una membrana de ácido poliláctico; 3) implantes + huecos que se rellenaron con cemento de Ca-P; y 4) + huecos que se rellenaron con cemento de Ca-P y se cubrieron con una membrana. Todos los implantes se dejaron en su lugar durante 12 semanas. las mediciones histológicas e histomorfométricas cuantitativas demonstraron que los implantes + huecos tuvieron generalmente un contacto óseo pobre en la base del implante. Posteriormente, se observó una encapsulación fibrosa en la parte del hueco. En contraste, la presencia de la membrana promocionó el crecimiento óseo hacia el hueco y también el contacto óseo en la base del implante. La inyección de cemento Ca-P resultó en un casi completo relleno de los huecos alrededor del implante. La superficie del cemento se cubrió completamente de hueso. La reabsorción activa y la remodelación de las partículas de cemento fueron observadas, lo cual sugiere un patrón de reabsorción lenta asociada con una completa sustitución con hueso neoformado. El uso adicional de la membrana no resultó en beneficios adicionales. El contacto hueso implante en la base del implante fue comparable con los implantes que solo tenían la membrana. En conclusión, el uso de cemento de Ca-P mostró excelentes propiedades de manejo clínico combinado con un superior comportamiento óseo. Por otro lado, el índice de degradación del material fue muy lento. Estas características actuales pueden estorbar la aplicabilidad clínica final del material como rellenador de huecos alrededor de defectos periodontales o perimplantarios. [source]
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