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Media Use (media + use)
Selected AbstractsMood Adjustment to Social Situations Through Mass Media Use: How Men Ruminate and Women Dissipate Angry MoodsHUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick Mood adjustment goals served to explain gender differences regarding media preferences. Before reacting to antagonism, females are likely to prevent aggression by dissolving aversive states through media consumption, whereas males could preserve aggression by choosing negative content. In a computerized procedure, participants (N = 86) were provoked by supervisor feedback to instigate angry moods. Half of the sample was led to anticipate a retaliation opportunity. In a purportedly separate study, participants were free to choose from online news while software unobtrusively logged their selective news exposure. The articles had been classified as positive or negative news in a pretest. When anticipating a retaliation opportunity, females spent more time reading positive news to dissipate their anger. Males expecting a retaliation opportunity spent more time on negative news to sustain their anger. Males' generally lower news consumption, especially when anticipating a chance to retaliate, indicated anger rumination through news avoidance altogether. [source] Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence of Ideological Selectivity in Media UseJOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 1 2009Shanto Iyengar We show that the demand for news varies with the perceived affinity of the news organization to the consumer's political preferences. In an experimental setting, conservatives and Republicans preferred to read news reports attributed to Fox News and to avoid news from CNN and NPR. Democrats and liberals exhibited exactly the opposite syndrome,dividing their attention equally between CNN and NPR, but avoiding Fox News. This pattern of selective exposure based on partisan affinity held not only for news coverage of controversial issues but also for relatively "soft" subjects such as crime and travel. The tendency to select news based on anticipated agreement was also strengthened among more politically engaged partisans. Overall, these results suggest that the further proliferation of new media and enhanced media choices may contribute to the further polarization of the news audience. Resumen Los Medios Rojos, los Medios Azules: La Evidencia de la Selectividad Ideológica en el Uso de los Medios Mostramos que la demanda de noticias varía con la percepción de la afinidad con las organizaciones de noticias en las preferencias políticas del consumidor. En un ambiente experimental, conservadores y Republicanos prefirieron leer reportes de noticias atribuidos a la cadena de noticias Fox y evitaron las noticias de CNN y NPR. Los Demócratas y liberales exhibieron el síndrome exactamente opuesto , dividiendo su atención igualmente entre CNN y NPR, pero evitando las noticias de la cadena Fox. Esta pauta selectiva de exposición basada en la afinidad partidaria es sostenida no solo con respecto a la cobertura de noticias de hechos controversiales, sino también con respecto a materias relativamente "blandas" tales como el crimen y el viaje. La tendencia a seleccionar noticias basadas en un acuerdo anticipado fue aumentada también entre los partidarios políticamente más comprometidos. En general, los resultados sugieren que la mayor proliferación de los nuevos medios y las opciones mejoradas de los medios pueden contribuir a una mayor polarización de las audiencias de noticias. ZhaiYao Yo yak [source] Young People's Translocal New Media Uses: A Multiperspective Analysis Of Language Choice And HeteroglossiaJOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 4 2009Sirpa Leppänen The aim of this paper is to shed light on the particularities of the linguistic, social and cultural action of young Finns in translocal new media spaces, and the ways in which they themselves make sense of and account for their actions. We present findings from 4 case studies, each of which illustrates aspects of translocality in young Finns' new media uses. Theoretically and methodologically the case studies draw on sociolinguistics, discourse studies, and ethnography, making use of the concepts of language choice and linguistic and stylistic heteroglossia. Through the 4 cases in focus, the paper shows how young people's linguistically and textually sophisticated new media uses are geared by and express translocal affective, social, and cultural alignments and affinities. [source] Multicultural Crisis Communication: Towards a Social Constructionist PerspectiveJOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2006Jesper Falkheimer Crisis communication is a field dominated by case studies and is lacking of systematic knowledge and theoretical framework analysis. Functionalist and objectivist perspectives have dominated the field even though there are exceptions. This may be one reason why multicultural approaches to crisis communication, increasingly relevant in contemporary society, are very few and undeveloped. The aim in the article is to give a critical analysis of research that has been done on crisis communication as well as intercultural public relations and develop a different theoretical framework. We propose the use of ethnicity, focusing collective cultural identity as dynamic, relational and situational in crisis theory and practice. Ethnic differences seem to escalate during crises. Media use and access are also discussed. A Swedish survey shows, among other things, that people with a foreign background read mainstream newspapers more seldom than average Swedes, but that the access to Internet and mobile phones is very high. Based on a social constructionist epistemology, the article ends with four proposals for future research and practice in multicultural crisis communication: (1) audience-orientation , focusing sense-making, (2) a proactive and interactive approach , focusing dialogue, (3) a community-focused approach , focusing a long-range pre-crisis perspective and, (4) an ethnicity-approach towards intercultural communication. [source] Media use as a reason for meal skipping and fast eating in secondary school childrenJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 2 2006J. Van den Bulck Abstract Objective, This study examined self-reported meal skipping and eating faster than usual with the goal of watching television or playing computer games. Method, Respondents reported their media use and indicated how often they skipped a meal to watch a favourite television programme or to play a computer game, and how often they ate faster than usual in order to watch television or play a computer game. Subjects, Respondents were 2546 adolescents of 13 (first year of secondary school) and 16 years (fourth year of secondary school) of age. Results, About one respondent in 10 skipped at least one meal every week for either television viewing or computer game playing. Weekly meal skipping for television viewing occurs more regularly in boys and first-year students, but particularly in teenagers who view 5 h or more daily (15% of the sample). The category of teenagers who play computer games four times a week or more (25.3% of the sample) is at increased risk of meal skipping; those who play more than four times a week are 10 times more likely weekly to skip a meal. A quarter of the adolescents eat faster at least once a week to be able to watch television or play a computer game. Regardless of gender and school year, teenagers' risk of eating faster progressively increases with their use of the media. Those who watch 4 h or more daily are about seven times more likely to skip a meal for television and those who play computer games at least four times a week are nine times more likely weekly to skip a meal. Conclusions, Unhealthy eating habits can be a side effect of heavy or excessive media use. Teenagers' use of television or game computers during nonworking or out-of-school hours partly displaces the amount of time that needs to be spent at meals. Practitioners and educators may try to encourage or restore a pattern of healthful meal consumption habits by reducing the amount of media use, and by supporting parental rule-making regarding children's eating habits and media use. [source] Coping in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: The Costs and Benefits of Realistic versus Unrealistic Weight EvaluationsAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, Issue 2 2010Stefanie Meier The study analysed differences in coping strategies between obese and non-obese children and adolescents (age: 8,14 years) in response to a social stressor. Physicians' diagnoses of obesity and self-reports on height and weight as well as gender and age were considered. A sample of 757 participants responded to an established German coping questionnaire. In addition to general coping strategies, two more potentially weight-related coping strategies were assessed. Adolescent obese girls who reported height and weight realistically showed particularly little social support-seeking behavior. Media use in general increased with age, but was especially high for adolescent obese boys who evaluated themselves as obese. Finally, girls in general and obese children and adolescents who evaluated themselves as overweight or obese showed higher stress-related eating. With regard to coping it seems to be a disadvantage for obese children and adolescents to see themselves as obese. In contrast, obese children and adolescents who have unrealistically positive self-evaluations of their weight report coping strategies similar to those reported by normal weight children and adolescents. It is assumed that positive self-evaluations of body weight prevent especially obese adolescents from inactivity and social isolation. Findings are relevant for the design of interventions to treat obesity. [source] The Social Capital of Blacks and Whites: Differing Effects of the Mass Media in the United StatesHUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH, Issue 2 2006Christopher E. Beaudoin This study relied on telephone survey interviews of adults in two U.S. metropolitan areas to examine whether the relationship between mass media use and social capital varies according to ethnicity. A multigroup approach taken with structural equation modeling validates a four-factor model of social capital for Blacks and Whites and then, with the implementation of a comprehensive model that also includes mass media inputs, tests for structural variance between the ethnic groups. A well-fitting comprehensive model is achieved, with significant differences between Blacks and Whites in terms of the mass media use structures. In support of the two hypotheses, the relationship between news use and social capital is less positive for Blacks than for Whites and the relationship between entertainment TV viewing and social capital is more negative for Blacks than for Whites. These findings are discussed in terms of literature involving mass media effects on social capital, news coverage of ethnic groups, and ethnic differences in self-conceptualization and media responses. [source] Tender Affective States as Predictors of Entertainment PreferenceJOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 1 2008Mary Beth Oliver Four studies were conducted to explore how tender affective states (e.g., warmth, sympathy, understanding) predict attraction to entertainment that features poignant, dramatic, or tragic portrayals. Studies 1 and 2 found that tenderness was associated with greater interest in viewing sad films. Studies 3 and 4 found that tender affective states were associated with preferences for entertainment featuring not only sad portrayals but also entertainment featuring drama and human connection. Results are discussed in terms of how these forms of entertainment may provide viewers the opportunity to contemplate the poignancies of human life,an activity that may reflect motivations of media use related to meaningfulness or insight rather than only the experience of pleasure. Résumé Les états affectifs tendres comme variables explicatives des préférences de divertissement Quatre études furent menées afin d,explorer la manière dont les états affectifs tendres (par exemple la chaleur, la sympathie et la compréhension) prédisent une attirance envers un divertissement qui présente des mises en scènes poignantes, dramatiques ou tragiques. Les études 1 et 2 ont révélé que la tendresse était associée à un plus grand intérêt pour le visionnement de films tristes. Les études 3 et 4 ont révélé que les états affectifs tendres étaient associés à des préférences envers un divertissement qui non seulement présente des mises en scène tristes, mais qui présente du drame et des relations humaines. Les résultats sont commentés en lien avec la manière dont ces formes de divertissement peuvent procurer aux spectateurs l'occasion de contempler le caractère poignant de la vie humaine : une activité qui peut refléter des motivations de l'usage des médias liées à la quête de sens et la lucidité plutôt qu'à la seule expérience de plaisir. Abstract Der Zustand des Mitgefühls als Prädiktor für Unterhaltungsvorlieben In vier Studien wurde untersucht, wie mitfühlende affektive Zustände (z.B. Wärme, Sympathie, Verständnis) die Zuwendung zu Unterhaltungsinhalten mit melancholischen, dramatischen oder tragischen Darstellungen voraussagen können. Studien 1 und 2 zeigten einen Zusammenhang zwischen Mitgefühl und einem größerem Interesse, sich traurige Filme anzusehen. Studien 3 und 4 zeigten einen Zusammenhang zwischen mitfühlenden Gefühlszustände und Vorlieben für Unterhaltung, die sich durch Drama und menschliche Beziehungen auszeichnet, aber nicht durch traurige Darstellungen. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Blick darauf diskutiert, wie diese Formen der Unterhaltung den Zuschauer die Möglichkeit bieten, über die Melancholien des Lebens nachzudenken , eine Aktivität, die auf eine Mediennutzungsmotivation hindeutet, die mit Bedeutungszuweisung und Reflexion zusammenhängt und nicht ausschließlich mit dem Erleben von Freude. Resumen Los Estados Afectivos Tiernos Que Predicen la Preferencia hacia el Entretenimiento Cuatro estudios fueron conducidos para explorar cómo los estados afectivos tiernos (a saber, cordialidad, compasión, entendimiento) predicen la atracción hacia el entretenimiento que pone de relieve representaciones conmovedoras, dramáticas, o trágicas. Los estudios 1 y 2 encontraron que la ternura estaba asociada con un gran interés por ver películas tristes. Los estudios 3 y 4 encontraron que los estados afectivos tiernos fueron asociados con las preferencias por el entretenimiento que pone de relieve no sólo representaciones tristes, sino también entretenimiento representando drama y conexiones humanas. Los resultados fueron discutidos en términos de cómo estas formas de entretenimiento pueden proveer a los espectadores de una oportunidad para contemplar las condiciones humanas con profundidad,una actividad que puede reflejar las motivaciones del uso de los medios relacionadas con el significado ó el entendimiento más que sólo la experiencia del placer. ZhaiYao Yo yak [source] Social Influence of an International Celebrity: Responses to the Death of Princess DianaJOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 4 2003William J. Brown When Diana, Princess of Wales, was killed in 1997, a massive public outpouring of grief occurred. Six years after her death, the public and the tabloids still debate whether the paparazzi were to blame for her fatal car accident. Previous studies of celebrities suggest that psychological involvement with a celebrity will determine to what extent stories of the celebrity and their subsequent social influence will affect the general public. The same process was examined in this study of Princess Diana. To study this phenomenon, a survey administered immediately after her fatal car accident compared people's level of involvement with Princess Diana to their viewing of stories about her funeral and their attitudes toward the press. Results showed that gender and age similarities predicted involvement with Princess Diana. This involvement, in turn, predicted people's media use in response to her death and their attitudes toward the press. This finding reinforces previous studies that have shown involvement is an important variable that influences both media consumption and media effects. The authors consider implications of this research for investigating the growing international influence of celebrities through mass media. [source] Communication media use in the grandparent-grandchild relationshipJOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 4 2000J Harwood This study surveyed college-aged grandchildren as to the frequency of their communication with a grandparent using various media. Face-to-face (FtF) and telephone communication were used more frequently than written media, but all were used fairly frequently. Communication using all media was more frequent when the grandparent or grandchild initiated interaction as opposed to the parent. Relationships in which the grandparent initiated contact featured more use of written media (letters, e-mail, cards). Frequency of communication using all media was positively associated with relational quality. Telephone communication best predicted relational quality when use of other media was controlled. In this paper, I discuss implications for media richness theory, the communication predicament of aging model, and future research on grandparent-grandchild relationships. [source] Third-person perception of television-viewing behaviorJOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 1 2000W Peiser Both conceptually and empirically, the third-person effect has been confined to the effects of mass communication (people tend to believe others are more susceptible to media influences than they are themselves, and people tend to act accordingly). This study investigated whether this phenomenon extends to the perception of other people's media use, and whether it can be explained by a general tendency to underrate the education of others. We interviewed a sample of 200 adults in south-western Germany, focusing on television-viewing behavior. As hypothesized, people tend to perceive others as more inclined toward undesirable viewing behaviors. We also hypothesized and found that third-person perception tends to be stronger if the others are perceived to be less well educated. [source] Communication Communities or "CyberGhettos?": A Path Analysis Model Examining Factors that Explain Selective Exposure to Blogs,JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 1 2009Thomas J. Johnson Ph.D. This study used an online panel of Internet users to examine the degree to which blog users practice selective exposure when seeking political information. The research employed a path analysis model to explore the extent to which exposure to offline and online discussion of political issues, and offline and online media use, as well as political variables and demographic factors, predict an individual's likelihood to engage in selective exposure to blogs. The findings indicate that respondents did practice selective exposure to blogs, predominantly those who are heavy blog users, politically active both online and offline, partisan, and highly educated. [source] The Internet and Anti-War Activism: A Case Study of Information, Expression, and ActionJOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 1 2006Seungahn Nah This case study examines how traditional and Internet news use, as well as face-to-face and online political discussion, contributed to political participation during the period leading up to the Iraq War. A Web-based survey of political dissenters (N = 307) conducted at the start of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq provides the data used to examine the relationships among informational media use, online and face-to-face political discussion, and political participation among the respondents, who were recruited through blogs, discussion boards, and listservs opposing the Iraq war. Analyses reveal that among these respondents, Internet news use contributed to both face-to-face and online discussion about the situation in Iraq. Online and face-to-face political discussion mediated certain news media effects on anti-war political participation. The study stresses the complementary role of Web news use and online political discussion relative to traditional modes of political communication in spurring political participation. [source] Media use as a reason for meal skipping and fast eating in secondary school childrenJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 2 2006J. Van den Bulck Abstract Objective, This study examined self-reported meal skipping and eating faster than usual with the goal of watching television or playing computer games. Method, Respondents reported their media use and indicated how often they skipped a meal to watch a favourite television programme or to play a computer game, and how often they ate faster than usual in order to watch television or play a computer game. Subjects, Respondents were 2546 adolescents of 13 (first year of secondary school) and 16 years (fourth year of secondary school) of age. Results, About one respondent in 10 skipped at least one meal every week for either television viewing or computer game playing. Weekly meal skipping for television viewing occurs more regularly in boys and first-year students, but particularly in teenagers who view 5 h or more daily (15% of the sample). The category of teenagers who play computer games four times a week or more (25.3% of the sample) is at increased risk of meal skipping; those who play more than four times a week are 10 times more likely weekly to skip a meal. A quarter of the adolescents eat faster at least once a week to be able to watch television or play a computer game. Regardless of gender and school year, teenagers' risk of eating faster progressively increases with their use of the media. Those who watch 4 h or more daily are about seven times more likely to skip a meal for television and those who play computer games at least four times a week are nine times more likely weekly to skip a meal. Conclusions, Unhealthy eating habits can be a side effect of heavy or excessive media use. Teenagers' use of television or game computers during nonworking or out-of-school hours partly displaces the amount of time that needs to be spent at meals. Practitioners and educators may try to encourage or restore a pattern of healthful meal consumption habits by reducing the amount of media use, and by supporting parental rule-making regarding children's eating habits and media use. [source] Is losing sleep making us obese?NUTRITION BULLETIN, Issue 4 2008K. E. Jones Summary Obesity has become pandemic. In America, as obesity has increased, the amount of sleep Americans get per night has decreased, and studies are now showing an association. Epidemiological studies on short sleep duration (SSD) and obesity have been conducted in children and adults, and show an overall positive association. Leptin and ghrelin, two hormones that control appetite, have been studied as a mechanism for SSD causing obesity. Low leptin and high ghrelin levels have been seen in sleep deprivation, the effect of which is an increase in appetite that could be linked to obesity. Decreasing media use, namely television and computers, could be one way to increase nightly sleep and potentially help people lose weight. Paediatric studies have shown an association with bedroom media use and shorter sleep duration. Adult studies are lacking in this area. Limitations in the literature include self-report in a majority of sleep studies and only a suggested causal link between SSD and obesity among all of the epidemiological studies. In conclusion, obesity is a global problem with great complexity. Encouraging people to get more sleep could be one part of the solution to help them lose weight and gain health. [source] Catégorie socioprofessionnelle, identité, engagement social et usage des médias.CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE, Issue 3 2010Analyse d'une dynamique complexe Cet article examine la relation entre le secteur dans lequel les individus travaillent et le niveau de leur profession, d'une part, et, d'autre part, le rapport qu'ils entretiennent avec les médias, y compris Internet, en fonction des usages qu'ils en font. Il se penche aussi sur l'identité sociale, en mettant diverses manifestations en relation avec la manière dont les individus vivent leur rapport aux médias. Il remet en question l'hypothèse d'une forte association entre le niveau professionnel et le rapport aux médias. Il met en évidence des phénomènes complexes d'homogénéisation et de différenciation sociales. Les données proviennent d'un échantillon de travailleurs qui ont répondu à un questionnaire centré sur le rapport aux médias. This article examines the link between the domain and level of occupation, on the one hand, and use of media, including internet, on the other. It adds to this investigation an analysis of identity in its relation to media use and accessibility. It challenges the hypothesis of a strong correlation between level of occupation and use and accessibility to media. It reveals complex phenomena of social homogenization and differentiation. Data is extracted from a sample of workers who completed a questionnaire which focused on use of media. [source] Flow and Media EnjoymentCOMMUNICATION THEORY, Issue 4 2004John L. Sherry Media enjoyment is theorized by synthesizing empirical literature from uses and gratifications with Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory. This article argues that enjoyment of media results from a flow experience realized when media message content balances with individual ability to interpret that message. Further, it theorizes that media experience, along with individual differences in cognitive abilities, facilitates or prevents flow state in media users. Therefore, it is a balance between individual differences in cognitive abilities and media message challenges that explains enjoyment of media use. The authors offer the case of video game usage as an exemplar, and examples of cognitive tasks are provided and linked to game genre content. [source] Young People's Translocal New Media Uses: A Multiperspective Analysis Of Language Choice And HeteroglossiaJOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 4 2009Sirpa Leppänen The aim of this paper is to shed light on the particularities of the linguistic, social and cultural action of young Finns in translocal new media spaces, and the ways in which they themselves make sense of and account for their actions. We present findings from 4 case studies, each of which illustrates aspects of translocality in young Finns' new media uses. Theoretically and methodologically the case studies draw on sociolinguistics, discourse studies, and ethnography, making use of the concepts of language choice and linguistic and stylistic heteroglossia. Through the 4 cases in focus, the paper shows how young people's linguistically and textually sophisticated new media uses are geared by and express translocal affective, social, and cultural alignments and affinities. [source] | ||||||||||||||||