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Mean PI (mean + pi)
Selected AbstractsOral health status and treatment needs among school children in Sana'a City, YemenINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 2 2010KA Al-Haddad To cite this article: Int J Dent Hygiene DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00398.x Al-Haddad KA, Al-Hebshi NN, Al-Ak'hali MS. Oral health status and treatment needs among school children in Sana'a City, Yemen. Abstract:, Data on the oral health status and treatment needs among Yemeni children are lacking. Objectives:, To assess caries prevalence, treatment needs and gingival health status among school children in Sana'a City and to examine how these are affected by age, gender and khat chewing. Methods:, 1489 children (6- to 14-year old) were randomly selected from 27 schools representing all nine districts of Sana'a City. Dental caries and treatment needs were evaluated using standard WHO oral survey methods. The plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI) and the gingival index (GI), recorded at the six Ramfjord's teeth, were used to assess gingival health status. Results:, 4.1% of the study subjects were caries-free. Prevalence of these was significantly higher among the males. Overall, mean dmfs, dmft, DMFS and DMFT scores were 8.45, 4.16, 3.59 and 2.25 respectively. The decayed component accounted for >85% of the scores. The highest dmfs/dmft means were found among the 6,8 years age group, while the highest DMFS/DMFT means were scored by the 12,14 years age group. The need for restorative treatment and extractions was high; the former was significantly higher among the females. All subjects had gingivitis; the mean PI, CI and GI were 1.25, 0.3 and 1.36 respectively. Khat chewing did not affect caries experience; however, it was significantly associated with higher PI, CI and GI scores. Conclusions:, The prevalence of caries, gingivitis and treatment needs among children in Sana'a city is high. More surveys in other Yemeni cities to generate comprehensive data are required. [source] Superior Flow Pattern of Internal Thoracic Artery over Saphenous Vein Grafts during OPCAB ProceduresJOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY, Issue 1 2009Alberto Weber Methods: Serial intraoperative flow measurements were carried out in 306 consecutive patients (mean age 64 years, mean Euroscore 5.1) undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). The LAD was grafted in 302 patients [293 ITA (97%), 9 SV], the Cx in 252 patients [117 ITA (46%), 135 SV], and the RCA in 260 patients [36 ITA (14%), 224 SV]. Results: Averages of 3.7 ± 1.0 distal anastomoses/patient were constructed. Mean pulsatile index (PI) was significantly better for the single ITA/Cx-grafts (2.8 ± 1.9, n = 92) than for the single SV/Cx-grafts (3.3 ± 1.7, n = 43, p < 0.05), whereas the mean flow did not differ (28 ± 22 and 31 ± 25 mL/min respectively, p = ns). Accordingly, the mean PI was significantly better for the single ITA/RCA-grafts (2.2 ± 1.2, n = 36) than for the single SV/RCA-grafts (3.4 ± 2.6, n = 178, p < 0.01), whereas the mean flow did not differ (30 ± 16 and 32 ± 22 mL/min respectively, p = ns). The incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction tended to be lower in patients receiving an ITA to either the Cx or the RCA than in those receiving a SV, but the difference did not reach statistical significance [2/92 of ITA/Cx (2.2%) vs. 2/43 of SV/Cx (4.6%), 1/36 of ITA/RCA (2.8%) vs. 8/178 of SV/RCA (4.5%)]. Conclusion: The internal thoracic artery provides superior flow properties than the SV to the Cx and RCA regions with reduced perioperative ischemia. Whether this advantage persists after adjusting for the grade of the proximal coronary stenosis needs further studies. [source] Pro-inflammatory biomarkers during experimental gingivitis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a proof-of-concept studyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Giovanni E. Salvi Abstract Aim: To compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarker levels and microbial distribution in plaque biofilm (SP) samples for subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) versus healthy subjects without diabetes during experimental gingivitis (EG). Materials and Methods: A total of nine T1DM patients and nine healthy controls of age and gender similar to the T1DM patients were monitored for 35 days during EG. Hygiene practices were stopped for 3 weeks, and GCF, SP, plaque index (PI) and gingival index were determined. IL-1,, IL-8, MMP-8 and MMP-9 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and SP samples were assessed by DNA,DNA hybridization for a panel of 40 subgingival microbial species. Results: IL-1, levels in T1DM patients were elevated compared with healthy individuals, and showed differences between groups at 7,21 days while healthy patients showed IL-1, increases from baseline to 14,21 days (p<0.05). Differences were observed in MMP-9 levels between patients with and without T1DM at 7,14 days (p<0.05). Orange complex species and PI measurements displayed a superior correlation with biomarker levels when compared with other complexes or clinical measurements during EG. Conclusions: The mean GCF biomarker levels for IL-1, and MMP-8 were most significantly elevated in T1DM subjects compared with healthy individuals during EG, not resulting from differences in the mean PI or microbial composition. [source] Assessment of risk for the development of pre-eclampsia by maternal characteristics and uterine artery DopplerBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 6 2005Aris T. Papageorghiou Objective To develop a method for the estimation of patient-specific risk for the development of pre-eclampsia by combining maternal history and uterine artery Doppler. Design Prospective multicentre observational study. Setting Antenatal clinics in seven hospitals in the UK and three overseas centres. Population Unselected women with singleton pregnancies attending for routine antenatal care. Methods Doppler studies of the uterine arteries were performed using colour flow mapping and pulsed wave Doppler at 23 weeks of gestation. The mean pulsatility index (PI) of the two uterine arteries was calculated. Doppler and maternal history variables were combined to develop a model for risk assessment. The incidence of pre-eclampsia was used to derive the prior risk for this complication. The posterior risk was derived by multiplying the prior odds with likelihood ratios (LRs) derived from independent risk factors identified from the maternal history, and the LR estimated from the heights of the frequency distributions of mean PI in affected and unaffected pregnancies. Main outcome measure Pre-eclampsia. Results There were 17,480 women recruited to the study, in which 17,319 (99.1%) of these Doppler examination of both uterine arteries were completed, and outcome data were available in 16,806 (97.0%). Pre-eclampsia occurred in 369 (2.20%) cases. Significant independent prediction of pre-eclampsia was provided by mean PI, ethnic origin, body mass index (BMI), parity, cigarette smoking, history of hypertension and family or personal history of pre-eclampsia. Models were derived allowing calculation of patient-specific risk for development of pre-eclampsia. For a false-positive rate of 25%, the detection rate of pre-eclampsia by screening using maternal history was 45.3%, with uterine artery Doppler it was 63.1% and with combined assessment it was 67.5%. Conclusions Combining risk factors in the mother's history with Doppler of the uterine arteries allows calculation of patient-specific risk for the development of pre-eclampsia. [source] | ||||||||||