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Mean pH (mean + ph)
Selected AbstractsVegetable and animal food sorts found in the gastric content of Sardinian Wild Boar (Sus scrofa meridionalis)JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 5-6 2007W. Pinna Summary Authors report results emerging from gastric content analysis from n. 96 wild boars hunted in Sardinia isle, during the hunting tide (2001,2005), from November to January. Mean pH of the gastric content was 3.77 ± 0.69. Mean total capacity (TC) of each stomach was 1702 ± 680 g. Mean Stuff ratio (CW/TC) between the content weight (CW) and stomachs TC was 0.45. Food categories found in animal stomachs were: 19 categories of vegetal species (Allium spp., Arbutus unedo, Arisarum vulgare, Avena fatua, Avena sativa, Castanea sativa, Ceratonia siliqua, Chamaerops umilis, Cichorium intybus, Hordeum sativum, Juniperus oxycedrus, Myrtus communis, Olea europea, Pirus amygdaliformis, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus spp., Rhamnus alaternus, Triticum durum, Zea mais); 11 categories of animal species (Agriotes lineatus, Apodemus sylvaticus dicrurus, Chalcides chalcides, Chalcides ocellatus tiligugu, Crematogaster scutellaris, Forficula auricularia, Helix aspersa, Lumbricus terrestris, Ovis aries, Podarcis tiliguerta tiliguerta, Scolopendra cingulata); three categories were identified in general terms (insects larvae, hairs of mammals, feathers of birds). Food categories found in the stomach contents of Sus scrofa meridionalis confirm observations by other researchers who report the prevalence of vegetables in spite of animal food sorts in the wild boar diet in Italian regions. [source] Characterisation of avocado (Persea americana Mill) honeys by their physicochemical characteristicsJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 13 2004Anass Terrab Abstract The quality of 12 avocado (Persea americana Mill) honeys from Spain was evaluated. Eight common physicochemical parameters were analysed, namely water content, pH, acidity (free, lactonic and total), sugar content, ash content and electrical conductivity. In addition, the honey samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and six minerals were quantified for each honey, namely potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S). Most samples showed proper maturity considering the medium water content (mean 17.7%). The total acidity (below 50 meq kg,1 except for one sample) indicated absence of undesirable fermentation; also, the mean pH of around 4.77 is usual in this kind of honey. The values for ash content and electrical conductivity were high (0.77% and 798 µS cm,1 respectively) and typical of dark honeys. K was the predominant mineral (accounting for 73% of the total minerals quantified), followed by Na (10%). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous lansoprazoleALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 10 2004J. W. Freston Summary Aim :,To compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole 30 mg administered intravenously in 0.9% NaCl or in polyethylene glycol, or orally. Methods :,Twenty-nine subjects received lansoprazole orally on days 1,7 and intravenous lansoprazole in NaCl on days 8,14. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, 8 and 14. Fasting basal acid output and pentagastrin-stimulated maximal acid output were determined on days ,1, 8, 9 and 15. Thirty-six different subjects received one of four regimen sequences: intravenous lansoprazole in NaCl, intravenous in polyethylene glycol, per orally, or intravenous placebo, each for 5 days. Twenty-four hour intragastric pH was recorded on days 1 and 5. Results :,Intravenous and per oral lansoprazole for 7 days produced equivalent basal acid output and maximal acid output suppression. Pharmacokinetics and mean pH values with intravenous lansoprazole in NaCl or polyethylene glycol were equivalent. Both produced mean pH and percentages of time pH above 3, 4, 5 and 6 that were significantly greater than did per orally. Conclusions :,Intravenous lansoprazole inhibits acid secretion as effectively in NaCl as in polyethylene glycol, and its onset of action is faster than per oral lansoprazole. [source] Blunted effect of the Kv channel inhibitor on pulmonary circulation in Tibetan sheep: A model for studying hypoxia and pulmonary artery pressure regulationRESPIROLOGY, Issue 1 2004Takeshi Ishizaki Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 4-aminopyridine, a Kv channel inhibitor, on the pulmonary circulation of Tibetan sheep. It has been reported that chronic hypoxia downregulates the 4-aminopyridine (4AP)-sensitive Kv channel (which governs the membrane potential (Em) of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in pulmonary vessels) without a change in 4AP sensitivity. Methodology: Pulmonary haemodynamic indices and blood gas analyses were measured in six young male animals in an altitude chamber that was adjusted to simulated altitudes of 0 m, 2260 m, and 4500 m. Drip infusion of 4AP, 10 mg/h for 3 h, was started and continued during the study. Results: With the increase in altitude mean pulmonary artery pressure increased and mean Pao2 decreased. 4AP had no effect on the levels of mean PPA, mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure, cardiac output, and mean PaO2, mean PaCO2, and mean pH at any altitude but tended to alter heart rate and mean arterial pressure at altitudes of 2260 m and 4500 m. Conclusion: It is concluded that the 4AP-sensitive Kv channel does not play a role in pulmonary vascular tone in high-altitude active Tibetan sheep. Their pulmonary vascular oxygen sensing appears not to involve Kv channels. [source] Relationship between quantitative assessments of salivary buffering capacity and ion activity product for hydroxyapatite in relation to cariogenic potentialAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2008H Aiuchi Abstract Background:, The ion activity product for hydroxyapatite (IpHA) is a comprehensive parameter reflecting pH, calcium and phosphate ion concentration in saliva which govern the degree of saturation with respect to the dissolving tooth mineral. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between quantitative assessments of salivary buffering capacity and IpHA in relation to cariogenic potential. Methods:, Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 33 patients, and the initial pH of samples was measured using a hand-held pH meter. Then samples were titrated with 0.1 N HCl to evaluate buffering capacities and divided into three groups (high, medium and low). After measuring concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in the samples, IpHA was calculated using the values of the ion concentrations and pH. Differences in the mean pH values, the concentrations of calcium, phosphate ions and log[IpHA] among three groups were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis and the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test, p < 0.05. Results:, After HCl 50 ,L titration, there were statistical differences of the mean pH and IpHA among each buffering capacity group. Moreover, after 50 ,L HCl titration, there was an excellent correlation between the buffer capacity and log[IpHA]. Conclusions:, The pH change for saliva after HCl titration has a significant influence on the rate of IpHA. [source] | ||||||||||