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Mean Correlation (mean + correlation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences50%

Selected Abstracts

Construct Equivalence of Multiple-Choice and Constructed-Response Items: A Random Effects Synthesis of Correlations

JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT, Issue 2 2003
Michael C. Rodriguez
A thorough search of the literature was conducted to locate empirical studies investigating the trait or construct equivalence of multiple-choice (MC) and constructed-response (CR) items. Of the 67 studies identified, 29 studies included 56 correlations between items in both formats. These 56 correlations were corrected for attenuation and synthesized to establish evidence for a common estimate of correlation (true-score correlations). The 56 disattenuated correlations were highly heterogeneous. A search for moderators to explain this variation uncovered the role of the design characteristics of test items used in the studies. When items are constructed in both formats using the same stem (stem equivalent), the mean correlation between the two formats approaches unity and is significantly higher than when using non-stem-equivalent items (particularly when using essay-type items). Construct equivalence, in part, appears to be a function of the item design method or the item writer's intent. [source]

Antisocial behavior and the prediction of violence: A meta-analysis

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 2 2001
James H. Derzon
Youthful antisocial behavior is often viewed as a precursor to later violent and threatening behavior. Olweus (1979) reported aggressive reaction patterns in males that over time approached the stability of intelligence. While Olweus did not examine violent behavior directly, his study is often cited as evidence for the stability of violence. To examine the evidence for this assertion, this study synthesized the evidence from 82 reports of 58 prospective studies that followed individuals over some period of their life span. After correcting effect sizes for exogenous study features, the grand mean correlation of antisocial and substance misusing behaviors with later crimes against persons was estimated to be r = .33, a far cry from the stability of intelligence. Because these predictors are often used to select people into intervention, this study estimated the conditional error rates associated with identification for preventive intervention. Overall, selection failed to identify 66% of those who displayed later violence, while on average, 60% of those engaging in antisocial or substance-using behavior were not later violent. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source]

Mouse inbred strain differences in ethanol drinking to intoxication

GENES, BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR, Issue 1 2007
J. S. Rhodes
Recently, we described a simple procedure, Drinking in the Dark (DID), in which C57BL/6J mice self-administer ethanol to a blood ethanol concentration (BEC) above 1 mg/ml. The test consists of replacing the water with 20% ethanol in the home cage for 4 h early during the dark phase of the light/dark cycle. Three experiments were conducted to explore this high ethanol drinking model further. In experiment 1, a microanalysis of C57BL/6J behavior showed that the pattern of ethanol drinking was different from routine water intake. In experiment 2, drinking impaired performance of C57BL/6J on the accelerating rotarod and balance beam. In experiment 3, 12 inbred strains were screened to estimate genetic influences on DID and correlations with other traits. Large, reliable differences in intake and BEC were detected among the strains, with C57BL/6J showing the highest values. Strain means were positively correlated with intake and BEC in the standard (24 h) and a limited (4 h) two-bottle ethanol vs. water test, but BECs reached higher levels for DID. Strain mean correlations with other traits in the Mouse Phenome Project database supported previously reported genetic relationships of high ethanol drinking with low chronic ethanol withdrawal severity and low ethanol-conditioned taste aversion. We extend these findings by showing that the correlation estimates remain relatively unchanged even after correcting for phylogenetic relatedness among the strains, thus relaxing the assumption that the strain means are statistically independent. We discuss applications of the model for finding genes that predispose pharmacologically significant drinking in mice. [source]

An Evaluation of Two Characterizations of the Relationships Between Problematic Internet Use, Time Spent Using the Internet, and Psychosocial Problems

HUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010
Robert S. Tokunaga
This article reports tests of the relationships between problematic Internet use (PIU), time spent using the Internet, and psychosocial problems from the two perspectives. Ten individual meta-analyses were first conducted to identify weighted mean correlations among the five variables included within the models. The correlations derived from the meta-analyses were subsequently used in path analysis to test the alternative characterizations. The results offer some support for the deficient self-regulation model but provide relatively little evidence consistent with the pathology perspective of PIU. Une évaluation de deux caractérisations des relations entre l'utilisation problématique d'Internet, le temps consacréà Internet et les problèmes psychosociaux Robert Shota Tokunaga & Stephen A. Rains Cet article rend compte de tests des relations entre l'utilisation problématique d'Internet (UPI), le temps consacréà Internet et les problèmes psychologiques du point de vue de deux perspectives : celle de la pathologie et celle de l'auto-régulation déficiente. Dix méta-analyses individuelles ont d'abord été menées pour identifier des corrélations moyennes pondérées parmi les cinq variables incluses dans les modèles. Les corrélations tirées des méta-analyses ont ensuite été utilisées dans des analyses causales afin de tester les caractérisations alternatives. Les résultats appuient en partie le modèle de l'auto-régulation déficiente, mais offrent relativement peu de soutien à la perspective pathologique de l'UPI. Zur Bewertung des Verhältnisses zwischen problematischem Internetgebrauch, Internetnutzungszeit und psychosozialen Problemen Robert Shota Tokunaga & Stephen A. Rains Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Überprüfung des Zusammenhangs zwischen problematischem Internetgebrauch, der Internetnutzungszeit und psychosozialen Problemen aus zwei Blickwinkeln. Wir führten zehn Meta-Analysen durch, um die gewichteten Mittelwertskorrelationen zwischen den fünf Variablen des Modells zu identifizieren. Die Korrelationen der Meta-Analysen wurden anschließend in eine Pfadanalyse überführt, um alternative Blickwinkel zu prüfen. Die Ergebnisse stützen zum Teil das defizitäre Selbstregulierungsmodell, bieten aber wenig Anhaltspunkte für eine pathologische Perspektive auf einen problematischen Internetgebrauch. Evaluando Dos Caracterizaciones de las Relaciones entre el Uso Problemático del Internet, el Tiempo Dedicado al Uso del Internet, y los Problemas Sicológicos Robert Shota Tokunaga & Stephen A. Rains Department of Communication, University of Arizona Resumen Este artículo reporta las pruebas de las relaciones entre el uso problemático del Internet PIU, el tiempo empleado en el uso del Internet, y los problemas psico-sociales desde 2 perspectivas. 10 meta análisis individuales fueron conducidos primero para identificar el promedio medido de las correlaciones entre las 5 variables incluías dentro de los modelos. Las correlaciones derivadas de los meta-análisis fueron usados subsecuentemente en el análisis de trayectoria para poner a prueba las caracterizaciones alternativas. Los resultados ofrecen algo de apoyo al modelo de auto regulación deficiente, pero proveen de relativamente poca evidencia consistente con la perspectiva patológica del PIU. [source]