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Mexico Border (mexico + border)
Selected AbstractsCHANGES IN THE RELATIVE EARNINGS GAP BETWEEN NATIVES AND IMMIGRANTS ALONG THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008Alberto Dávila ABSTRACT Using 1990 and 2000 U.S. census data, this study investigates changes in immigrant/native earnings disparities for workers in U.S. cities along the international border with Mexico vis-à-vis the U.S. interior during the 1990s. Our findings,based on estimating earnings functions and employing the Juhn-Murphy-Pierce (1993, JPE) wage decomposition technique,indicate that the average earnings of Mexican immigrants along the U.S.-Mexico border improved relative to those accrued by their counterparts in the U.S. interior and by otherwise similar U.S.-born Mexican Americans between 1990 and 2000. However, when comparing Mexican-born workers to U.S.-born non-Hispanic whites, the immigrant border-earnings penalty remained statistically unchanged. [source] Trauma, Policy, and Public Health on the U.S.-Mexico BorderPUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 1 2007Tom Olson Ph.D. First page of article [source] A Tale of Two Families: The Mutual Construction of ,Anglo' and Mexican Ethnicities Along the US,Mexico BorderBULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, Issue 1 2005Howard Campbell In the American Southwest and along the US,Mexico border, ,Anglos' and Mexicans are often viewed as the quintessential ,others'. This ethnographic study problematises the Anglo-Mexican opposition with ethnographic data from interviews with a Mexican farmworker family and an ,Anglo' farmer family of the EI Paso Lower Valley. I argue that ,Anglo' hegemony is not based exclusively on cultural separation but often involves hybridity (including ,Mexicanisation') and patron-client relations entailing ,benevolent' paternalism. I show how the concept of ,Anglo' is a contested identity constructed through interactions between Mexicans and Euroamericans. Through this study of border crossings in situations of asymmetrical power relations, I advocate a ,complicit' anthropology that presents competing ethnic groups in their full complexity rather than as stereotypes or caricatures of their ,others.' [source] Proximity to the US,Mexico border: a key to explaining geographic variation in US methamphetamine, cocaine and heroin purityADDICTION, Issue 10 2010James K. Cunningham ABSTRACT Aims Although illicit drug purity is a widely discussed health risk, research explaining its geographic variation within a country is rare. This study examines whether proximity to the US,Mexico border, the United States' primary drug import portal, is associated with geographic variation in US methamphetamine, heroin and cocaine purity. Design Distances (proximity) between the US,Mexico border and locations of methamphetamine, cocaine and heroin seizures/acquisitions (n = 239 070) recorded in STRIDE (System to Retrieve Information from Drug Evidence) were calculated for the period of 1990,2004. The association of drug purity with these distances and other variables, including time and seizure/acquisition size, was examined using hierarchical multivariate linear modeling (HMLM). Setting Coterminous United States. Findings Methamphetamine, cocaine and heroin purity generally decreased with distance from the US,Mexico border. Heroin purity, however, after initially declining with distance, turned upwards,a U-shaped association. During 2000,04, methamphetamine purity also had a U-shaped association with distance. For each of the three drugs, temporal changes in the purity of small acquisitions (<10 g) were typically more dynamic in areas closer to the US,Mexico border. Conclusions Geographic variance in methamphetamine, cocaine and heroin purity throughout the coterminous United States was associated with US,Mexico border proximity. The U-shaped associations between border-distance and purity for heroin and methamphetamine may be due to imports of those drugs via the eastern United States and southeast Canada, respectively. That said, areas closer to the US,Mexico border generally had relatively high illicit drug purity, as well as more dynamic change in the purity of small (,retail level') drug amounts. [source] Transnational politics at the edges of sovereignty: social movements, crossings and the state at the US,Mexico borderGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 4 2001Hilary Cunningham This article documents the history of border crossings among a group of social movement activists located in southern Arizona. By comparing two types of US,Mexico border crossings separated ten years apart, the article explores how political groups become ,transnationalized' and in relation to what kinds of ,states'. By contrasting the shift from a state-centric movement to a transnational coalition, the case study analyses why, in the later period, political activists were no longer able to identify the same kind of state. In chronicling the disappearance of one kind of state formation and the emergence of a transnational one, this research argues that globalization,rather than simply reflecting a decline of the nation state,is a process entailing not only new forms of transnational political activism but also new forms of the state. [source] Cross-sectional analysis of oncogenic HPV viral load and cervical intraepithelial neoplasiaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 5 2006Roberto Flores Abstract In human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated carcinogenesis, HPV infection characteristics such as viral load may play an important role in lesion development. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between quantitative assessment of oncogenic HPV viral load, and abnormal cytology among women residing along the United States,Mexico border. A cross-sectional study of 2,319 women was conducted between 1997 and 1998. Viral load of oncogenic HPV types (16, 18, 31, 39, 45, 51, 52, and 58) was measured among 173 HPV (+) women using quantitative real-time PCR. Overall, HPV 16, 31, 52 and 58 showed the highest viral load. Single type infection had higher viral loads compared to multiple type infections. HPV viral load declined significantly (p = 0.04) with age. No significant association was observed with other known HPV risk factors such as oral contraceptive use, parity, sexual and STD history. Viral load was independently associated with degree of cervical lesions. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 4.7 for the association between increasing total viral load and Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS)/Atypical Glandular Cells of Undetermined Significance (AGUS) was observed (p for trend <0.01). Increased risk of low-grade SIL was observed with higher viral load compared with HPV negative women (AOR = 47.7 for total viral load; AOR = 37.1 for HPV viral load not including HPV16, and AOR = 25.9 for HPV16 viral load). Likewise, increased risk of high-grade SIL with higher viral loads was observed (AOR = 58.4 for high total viral load compared with HPV negative women, AOR = 58.1 for HPV viral load not including HPV16, and AOR = 69.8 for HPV16 high viral load). Results from this study suggest a dose,response relationship between increasing oncogenic HPV viral load and risk of LSIL and HSIL. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] CHANGES IN THE RELATIVE EARNINGS GAP BETWEEN NATIVES AND IMMIGRANTS ALONG THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008Alberto Dávila ABSTRACT Using 1990 and 2000 U.S. census data, this study investigates changes in immigrant/native earnings disparities for workers in U.S. cities along the international border with Mexico vis-à-vis the U.S. interior during the 1990s. Our findings,based on estimating earnings functions and employing the Juhn-Murphy-Pierce (1993, JPE) wage decomposition technique,indicate that the average earnings of Mexican immigrants along the U.S.-Mexico border improved relative to those accrued by their counterparts in the U.S. interior and by otherwise similar U.S.-born Mexican Americans between 1990 and 2000. However, when comparing Mexican-born workers to U.S.-born non-Hispanic whites, the immigrant border-earnings penalty remained statistically unchanged. [source] Occurrence of faecal contamination in households along the US,Mexico borderLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2008L. Carrasco Abstract Aims:, The study aim was to determine the presence of total and faecal coliforms on kitchen surfaces, in tap water and on the hands of caregivers in households on both sides of the US,Mexico border. Methods and Results:, Samples were collected in 135 randomly selected households in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, and El Paso, Texas. Different surfaces throughout the kitchen and head of households' hands were sampled using sterile cotton swabs moistened in D/E neutralizing solution. Sponge/dishcloth and drinking water samples were also obtained. Total and faecal coliforms were enumerated on m-Endo LES and mFC respectively. Total coliforms and Escherichia coli in drinking water samples were enumerated in accordance with the Quanti-TrayTM method. Sponge/dishcloth samples were the most commonly contaminated kitchen sites, followed by countertops and cutting boards. We recovered faecal coliforms from 14% of the hands of child caregivers, and this indicator was moderately associated with self-reported failure to wash hands after using the toilet (OR = 3·2; 95% CI: 0·9, 11·1). Conclusions:, Hand washing should continue to be emphasized, and additional interventions should be directed to specific kitchen areas, such as sponges/dishcloths, tables/countertops and cutting boards. Significance and Impact of the Study:, There is a need for additional interventions regarding kitchen sanitation. [source] Perceptions of Children's Body Sizes Among Mothers Living on the Texas-Mexico Border (La Frontera)PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 6 2006Elizabeth Reifsnider ABSTRACT Objectives: The objectives of this study were to quantify mothers' perceptions of their children's sizes and explore mothers' views of child growth, diet, activity, and health. Photographs of children from the Berkeley Longitudinal Growth Study (on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Web site) were used to stimulate discussion with mothers about child sizes. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study examined mothers' perceptions of their children's size and their beliefs about child size, growth, and health. Sample: The convenience sample included 25 mother,child dyads of 3-year-old children at two Head Start Centers in a county on the Texas,Mexico border. All mothers self-identified as Hispanic. Measurement: Photographs of children were shown to elicit mothers' perceptions of children's body sizes. The children and mothers were weighed and measured and their body mass indices (BMIs) were computed. The mothers were interviewed about their beliefs on child health, growth, and feeding. Results: No congruence was found between mothers' perceptions of child sizes in the pictures and their children's sizes. Conclusions: Using CDC photographs does not appear to be a useful way to educate mothers about child body sizes. A child who is happy, active, and can accomplish normal childhood activities is not considered by mothers as overweight, regardless of the child's BMI. [source] THIRTY CANS OF BEEF STEW AND A THONG: ANTHROPOLOGIST AS ACADEMIC, ADMINISTRATOR, AND ACTIVIST IN THE U.S.,MEXICO BORDER REGIONANNALS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2009Konane M. MartínezArticle first published online: 13 JUL 200 This article explores the role of the anthropologist working with immigrant communities in the U.S.,Mexico Border Region. As an anthropologist, I have had to negotiate my role as an academic, administrator, and activist. The article examines these three roles by analyzing the experience of the anthropologist with immigrant communities and agencies over the past nine years and during the southern California wildfires of 2007. While in many ways the three roles are categorically distinct, they are also connected and work to inform each other. The position of an applied anthropologist in the U.S.,Mexico border has allowed for development of practical and applied solutions to help improve the wellbeing of immigrant communities. This form of applied, practical, yet academically grounded work has the potential to elevate the anthropology of immigration beyond that of traditional researcher. [source] A Tale of Two Families: The Mutual Construction of ,Anglo' and Mexican Ethnicities Along the US,Mexico BorderBULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, Issue 1 2005Howard Campbell In the American Southwest and along the US,Mexico border, ,Anglos' and Mexicans are often viewed as the quintessential ,others'. This ethnographic study problematises the Anglo-Mexican opposition with ethnographic data from interviews with a Mexican farmworker family and an ,Anglo' farmer family of the EI Paso Lower Valley. I argue that ,Anglo' hegemony is not based exclusively on cultural separation but often involves hybridity (including ,Mexicanisation') and patron-client relations entailing ,benevolent' paternalism. I show how the concept of ,Anglo' is a contested identity constructed through interactions between Mexicans and Euroamericans. Through this study of border crossings in situations of asymmetrical power relations, I advocate a ,complicit' anthropology that presents competing ethnic groups in their full complexity rather than as stereotypes or caricatures of their ,others.' [source] Alcohol and Drug Use in Rural Colonias and Adjacent Urban Areas of the Texas BorderTHE JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 2007Richard T. Spence PhD ABSTRACT:,Context: Little is known about substance use and treatment utilization in rural communities of the United States/Mexico border. Purpose: To compare substance use and need and desire for treatment in rural colonias and urban areas of the border. Methods: Interviews were conducted in 2002-2003 with a random sample of adults living in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, adjacent to the Mexican border. The present analysis compares responses from 400 residents of rural colonias to those of 395 residents of cities and towns in the same geographic region. Findings: While the prevalence of drug use and drug-related problems was similar in both areas, binge drinking and alcohol dependence were higher in rural colonias than in urban areas and remained so after taking demographic and neighborhood variables into account. An increase in illicit drug use and substance-related problems in rural but not urban areas was seen when comparing results from this study with those of a previous survey conducted in 1996. The percentage of adults in potential need of treatment and the percentage motivated to seek it were similar in both urban and rural areas. However, colonia residents were more likely than their urban counterparts to be recent immigrants and to have lower incomes and educational attainment, factors that can increase the barriers they face in getting needed services. Conclusions: Rural areas are "catching up" with urban areas in problematic substance use. Given the potential barriers to accessing treatment services in rural areas, efforts should be focused on reaching those residents. [source] Analysis of plant species diversity with respect to island characteristics on the Channel Islands, CaliforniaJOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2000Aaron Moody Abstract Aim Species richness of native, endemic, and exotic plant groups is examined relative to island area, disturbance history, geological history, and other physical characteristics. Of particular interest are the biogeographic factors that underlie (a) differences in species-area and species-isolation relationships between plant groups; and (b) adherence or departure of individual islands and/or plant groups from expected patterns. Location The eight Channel Islands lie along the continental margin between the U.S./Mexico border and Point Conception, CA. They range in size from 2.6 to 249 km2, and are located from 20 to 100 km off the coast. The islands are known for their high degree of plant endemism, and they have undergone a long history of human occupation by indigenous peoples, followed by over a century of intensive grazing and other biotic disturbances. Methods The study is based on linear regression and residual analysis. Cases where individual islands and/or specific plant groups do not adhere to patterns expected under species-area and species-isolation paradigms, are evaluated with respect to other island characteristics that are not captured by considering only island size and isolation. Results All three plant groups exhibit strong, positive relationships between species richness and island size. For native species, the variance that remains after consideration of island size is largely explained by island isolation. For exotic species, residuals from the species-area relationship are unrelated to isolation. For endemic species, residuals from the species-area relationship are negatively related to isolation. Several islands are outliers for endemic and exotic species, for which richness values are not explained by either island area or isolation. Main,conclusions Species-area and species-isolation relationships for native, endemic, and exotic plant groups differ in accordance with hypothesized differences in the biogeographic factors that govern species diversity for these three groups. Most notably, endemic richness increases with isolation, suggesting the influence of this variable on processes of speciation and relictualism. These general relationships persist despite a long and varied history of human activity on the islands. Analysis of residuals suggests that deviations from expected patterns correspond to island-specific biogeographic factors. It is hypothesized that primary among these factors are land-use history, island environmental characteristics, and community-type richness. [source] | |||||||||||||