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Metropolitan France (metropolitan + france)
Selected AbstractsRetrospective Analysis of the Cholera Cases Imported to France From 1973 to 2005JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2007Arnaud Tarantola MD Background The manners of traveling and travelers' vulnerability to infection are changing: increasing numbers of travelers, travels at the extreme ages of life, "backpacker" tourism in close contact with local populations. What is the epidemiologic situation and what are the trends of imported cholera to Metropolitan France? Method A descriptive retrospective study was undertaken on all the confirmed cases of cholera imported to France, and notified from January 1, 1973, to December 31, 2005, using compulsory notification data from local health departments and information from the National Reference Centre. Results A total of 129 imported cases of cholera were notified between 1973 and 2005 (3.9 cases/y on average). The geographical sources of infection have changed with time: in the 1980s, 94% of the patients were infected in Maghreb (Morocco and Algeria) but none were in 2000. On the other hand, Asia and West Africa progressively emerged and now predominate. In spite of certain poorly informed data and possible underdetection, the number of cases of importation appears to be low and falling. Conclusions The patient profile seems to have evolved and increasingly concerns people at the extreme ages of life, living elsewhere than the principal basins of immigration in France, and diagnosis is increasingly made in nonteaching hospitals. The lessons likely to help clinicians will be discussed. [source] Geographical variations of inflammatory bowel disease in France: A study based on national health insurance dataINFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 3 2006Virginie Nerich Abstract Background and Aim: A north-south gradient in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence has been found in Europe and the United States. Its existence is inferred from comparisons of registries that cover only small portions of territories. Several studies suggest that IBD incidence in the north has reached a plateau, whereas in the south it has risen sharply. This evolution tends to reduce the north-south gradient, and it is uncertain whether it still exists. In France, patients with IBD are fully reimbursed for their health expenses by the national health insurance system, which is a potential source of data concerning the incidence of IBD at the national level. The aim of this study was to assess the geographical distribution of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in France and to test the north-south gradient hypothesis. Methods: This study was conducted in metropolitan France and included patients to whom IBD reimbursement was newly attributed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2002. Data provided relate to age, sex, postcode area of residence, and IBD type. The mapping of geographical distribution of smoothed relative risks (RR) of CD and UC was carried out using a Bayesian approach, taking into account autocorrelation and population size in each département. Results: In the overall population, incidence rates were 8.2 for CD and 7.2 for UC per 100,000 inhabitants. A clear north-south gradient was shown for CD. Départements with the highest smoothed RR were located in the northern third of France. By contrast, the geographical distribution of smoothed RR of UC was homogeneous. Conclusions: This study shows a north-south gradient in France for CD but not for UC. [source] Framing Greater France Between The WarsJOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Gary Wilder This essay analyzes the relationship between France as an imperial nation-state and the discourse of Greater France that intensified during the interwar period. I am interested in the way that the figure of Greater France sought to stage and reconcile , not justify, rationalize, or mystify , structural contradictions between republican and imperial systems of government. I argue that there is an intrinsic relationship between colonial discourse and its corresponding political form. By posing questions about the status we assign to colonial ideology through the analysis of a series of influential colonial texts, this essay pays special attention to the dissociation of nationality and citizenship that characterized a political form composed of a metropolitan parliamentary government articulated with a colonial administrative regime. I hope to reframe the familiar discussion of the proliferating representations of empire that circulated in metropolitan France after World War One. The figure of la plus grande France that developed then allows us to interrogate the French imperial nation-state at a doubly paradoxical historical conjuncture characterized by the consolidation of both the republic and the empire, on the one hand, and by unprecedented crises of the republic and colonial legitimacy, on the other. Interwar imperialism produced qualitative and evaluative distinctions between different French colonies but I will focus on the more general conceptions of the empire as such that circulated through the discourse of Greater France. [source] Missing Nikê: On Oversights, Doubled Sights, and Universal Art Understood through LebanonMUSEUM ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Kirsten ScheidArticle first published online: 3 SEP 200 Abstract The role copies of "Western" art play in constructing hybrid local/universal ideologies of modernity has not been studied. This essay demonstrates the centrality of the copied Nikê to the co-construction of metropolitan France and marginal Mandate-era Lebanon. It suggests an art-historical and ethnographic methodology for tracking imagination and the cultivation of taste that is not bounded by nation, culture, or geography. Tracing the circuits traveled by the Nikê reveals that origins and claims of universalism in art are the result of transnational, intercultural, historically specific interactions. The ideology of taste enacted in colonial Lebanon informs Lebanese cultural and political discourses today. [source] Lessons from the H1N1 influenza pandemic in French overseas territories and interim reports from metropolitan FranceCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 4 2010X. De Lamballerie No abstract is available for this article. [source] Clinical presentation of leptospirosis: a retrospective study of 34 patients admitted to a single institution in metropolitan FranceCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 5 2005S. Jauréguiberry Abstract Leptospirosis has a highly variable clinical presentation, which may be related to different infecting serovars, host factors, or a combination of these. This study investigated retrospectively 34 consecutive patients with serologically confirmed leptospirosis admitted during the period 1992,2002. On admission, the most frequent symptoms were fever (100%), headache (75%), myalgia (55%), arthralgia (45%) and vomiting (39%). Pertinent laboratory findings included lymphopenia (85%), thrombocytopenia (75%), elevated liver enzymes (87%) and renal abnormalities (proteinuria, 77%; haematuria, 58%; elevated serum creatinine, 53%). The study confirmed the variable clinical and biological symptoms of leptospirosis, and indicated that lymphopenia is a common feature of leptospirosis cases. [source] | |||||||||||||