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Selected AbstractsDeterminants of economic well-being among U.S. farm operator householdsAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2007Hisham S. El-Osta Farm households; Composite measure of economic well-being; ARMS data Abstract Participation in government programs has a mild impact on the economic well-being of U.S. farm households. Major factors that determine farm household prosperity are the primary operator's education level and ethnicity, education level of the spouse, and other characteristics such as forward purchasing of inputs, use of contract shipping of products, having a succession plan, farm ownership, and location in a metro area. This article uses the 2001 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) as well as relative and an absolute measure to assess U.S. farm households' economic well-being. The relative measure compares the income and wealth position of farm households relative to median income and median wealth of the general population. The absolute measure adds annualized wealth to a farm household's income. [source] TRENDS IN NEIGHBORHOOD INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE U.S.: 1980,2000,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 5 2008Christopher H. Wheeler ABSTRACT This paper reports evidence on the geographic pattern of income inequality, both within and between neighborhoods, across a sample of 359 U.S. metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2000. The results indicate that overall income inequality within a metro area tends to be driven by variation within neighborhoods, not between them, although we find that between-neighborhood differences rose dramatically during the 1980s and subsided somewhat during the 1990s. While this trend is similar to what existing research has found, our findings reveal potentially important differences in the magnitudes of the changes depending on whether neighborhoods are defined by block groups or tracts. [source] Parenting, Parental Mental Health, and Child Functioning in Families Residing in Supportive HousingAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 3 2009Abigail H. Gewirtz PhD Long-term homelessness is associated with other psychosocial risk factors (e.g., adult mental illness, substance abuse, and exposure to violence). All of these factors are associated with impairments in parenting effectiveness and child adjustment, but there are very limited data investigating parenting among families who are homeless and highly mobile. In particular, there is no literature examining the relationships among observed parenting, parental mental health, and child adjustment in a supportive housing sample. Data are reported from a multimethod study of 200 children in 127 families residing in supportive housing agencies in a large metro area. Observed parenting and parents' mental health symptoms directly affected children's adjustment. The influence of parenting self-efficacy on children's adjustment was mediated through its impact on observed parenting. However, observed parenting did not mediate the relationship between parental mental health and child adjustment. Implications for research and practice with homeless populations are offered. [source] 6 The AERIS Course: a Focused Abdominal CT Interpretation Course for Abdominal Emergencies Requiring Immediate SurgeryACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 2008Eric Schultz Emergency physicians rely heavily on CT scanning to guide their clinical decisions. A significant number of EDs do not have radiology coverage, especially at night, so the EM physician may be called on to interpret their own CT scans to guide patient management. Many EM physicians look at their CT scans but have never had any formal training. Especially in the setting of acute surgical emergencies such as expanding abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), ruptured spleen or perforated viscus, delay for a radiologist interpretation may result in significant morbidity and mortality. In a collaboration between emergency medicine and radiology, our team created a systematic approach to abdominal CT interpretation designed to help EM physicians perform wet reads on CT scans in the setting of acute surgical emergencies. First, a general survey is done covering all of the important organs such as the aorta, liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, stomach and bowel, then a focused scan into the suspected pathology. We put this system onto a Power Point presentation. The two hour presentation covered basic CT anatomic pathology then taught the presentations of common surgical emergencies such as appendicitis, nephrolithiasis and surgical catastrophes such as ruptured AAAs and mesenteric ischemia. The Abdominal Emergencies Requiring Immediate Surgery (AERIS) scan is only intended to be a focused scan for acute surgical pathology, and not to replace the diagnostic scan of a radiologist. This course was given at a single University program, and will be given at residency programs throughout the New York metro area. Eventually we hope that focused CT interpretation will become part of the standardized EM curriculum. [source] Growth and Location of Economic Activity: The Spatial Dynamics of Industries in Canada 1971,2001GROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2006MARIO POLÈSE ABSTRACT A growing literature has accumulated that points to the stability of industrial location patterns. Can this be reconciled with spatial dynamics? This article starts with the premise that demonstrable regularities exist in the manner in which individual industries locate (and relocate) over space. For Canada, spatial distributions of employment are examined for seventy-one industries over a thirty-year period (1971,2001). Industry data is organized by "synthetic regions" based on urban size and distance criteria. "Typical" location patterns are identified for industry groupings. Industrial spatial concentrations are then compared over time using correlation analysis, showing a high degree of stability. Stable industrial location patterns are not, the article finds, incompatible with differential regional growth. Five spatial processes are identified, driving change. The chief driving force is the propensity of dynamic industries to start up in large metro areas, setting off a process of diffusion (for services) and crowding out (for manufacturing), offset by the centralizing impact of greater consumer mobility and falling transport costs. These changes do not, however, significantly alter the relative spatial distribution of most industries over time. [source] Verifying the Multi-Dimensional Nature of Metropolitan Land Use: Advancing the Understanding and Measurement of SprawlJOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2005Jackie Cutsinger Common patterns of variation in these indices across metropolitan areas are discerned using correlation and factor analyses. We find that: (1) seven principal components best summarize the dimensions of housing and employment land uses, (2) metro areas often exhibit both high and low levels of sprawl-like patterns across the seven components, and (3) housing and employment aspects of sprawl-like patterns differ in nature. Thus, land use patterns prove multi-dimensional in both theory and practice. Exploratory analyses indicate: (1) little regional variation in land use patterns, (2) metro areas with larger populations are more dense/continuous with greater housing centrality and concentration of employment in the core, (3) older areas have higher degrees of housing concentration and employment in the core, (4) constrained areas evince greater density/continuity, and (5) inter-metropolitan variations in several dimensions of land use patterns are not well explained by population, age, growth patterns, or topographical constraints on development. Results imply that policymakers must carefully unravel which land use dimension is causing undesirable outcomes, and then devise precise policy instruments to change only this dimension. [source] The Long-Run Relationship between House Prices and Income: Evidence from Local Housing MarketsREAL ESTATE ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2006Joshua Gallin Many in the housing literature argue that house prices and income are cointegrated. I show that the data do not support this view. Standard tests using 27 years of national-level data do not find evidence of cointegration. However, standard tests for cointegration have low power, especially in small samples. I use panel-data tests for cointegration that are more powerful than their time-series counterparts to test for cointegration in a panel of 95 metro areas over 23 years. Using a bootstrap approach to allow for cross-correlations in city-level house-price shocks, I show that even these more powerful tests do not reject the hypothesis of no cointegration. Thus the error-correction specification for house prices and income commonly found in the literature may be inappropriate. [source] The Spatial Distribution of Housing-Related Ordinary Income Tax BenefitsREAL ESTATE ECONOMICS, Issue 4 2003Joseph Gyourko We estimate how tax subsidies to owner-occupied housing are distributed spatially across the United States and find striking skewness. At the state level, the mean tax benefit per owned unit in 1990 ranged from $917 in South Dakota to $10,718 in Hawaii. The dispersion is slightly greater when benefit flows are measured at the metropolitan-area level. Even assuming the subsidies are funded in an income progressivity-neutral manner, a relatively few metro areas, primarily in California and the New York,Boston corridor, are shown to gain considerably while the vast majority of areas have relatively small gains or losses. [source] | ||||||||||||||||