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Metric Data (metric + data)
Selected AbstractsHeterometallic CoIII,LnIII (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy) Complexes on a p -Sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene Platform Exhibiting Redox-Switchable Metal-to-Metal Energy TransferEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 25 2008Viktoriya Skripacheva Abstract Nuclear magnetic relaxation along with pH metric data have been used to reveal pH-dependent heterometallic CoIII,LnIII (Ln = Gd, Tb, and Dy) complex formation on a p -sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene (TCAS) platform in aqueous solution. The previously obtained 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopic and X-ray data prove the outer sphere binding of the CoIII block with the upper rim of TCAS, whereas the LnIII ion is coordinated with the phenolate groups of the lower rim of TCAS. The inclusive outer-sphere binding of CoIII tris(dipyridyl) and tris(ethylendiaminate) complexes with the upper rim of TCAS favors binding of the inner-sphere lanthanide ions through the lower rim of TCAS, whereas noninclusive binding of CoIII bis(histidinate) provides no effect on the binding of lanthanide ions. The emission properties of [Co(dipy)3]3+,LnIII (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy) complexes indicate the quenching of 4f luminescence by the 3d block. This quenching can be switched off by electrochemical CoIII/CoII reduction with further switching on by reoxidation. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008) [source] Sexual dimorphism in limb bones of ibex (Capra ibex L.): mixture analysis applied to modern and fossil dataINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 5 2007H. Fernández Abstract Estimating sex ratios of fossil bone assemblages is an important step in the determination of demographic profiles, which are essential for understanding the palaeobiology and palaeoethology of any particular species, as well as its exploitation patterns by humans. This is especially true for ibex (Capra ibex), which was a main source of food for hominids during Pleistocene times. Classical methods for determining sexual dimorphism and sex ratio, such as analyses using uni- and bivariate plots, are based on an arbitrary fixing of limits between sexes. Here we use a more robust statistical method termed mixture analysis (MA) to determine the sex of postcranial remains (long bones, metapodials and tarsals) from ibex. For the first time, we apply MA to both a modern and a fossil sample of one species, by using metric data taken from (i) a collection of present-day ibex skeletons and (ii) a Palaeolithic sample of the same species. Our results clearly show that the forelimb (humerus and radius) is more dimorphic than the hindlimb (femur and tibia) and is therefore better suited for sexing ibex. It also appears that metapodials should be used carefully for estimating sex ratios. On the basis of these results, we propose a classification of bone measurements that are more or less reliable for sexing ibex. The results of MA applied to the ibex fossil bones from the Upper Palaeolithic site of the Observatoire (Monaco) lead us to the conclusion that this assemblage consists of a majority of males. The quantitative estimations calculated by the MA make it possible to compare the size of Pleistocene and modern ibex for the whole set of variables used in this study. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Sex Assessment from the Sacral Base by Means of Image ProcessingJOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 2 2009Stefano Benazzi Ph.D. Abstract:, To help improve sex assessment from skeletal remains, the present study considers the diagnostic value of the sacral base (basis osseus sacri) based on its planar image and related metric data. For this purpose, 114 adult sacra of known sex and age from two early 20th century Italian populations were examined, the first from Bologna, northern Italy (n = 76), and the second from Sassari, Sardinia (n = 38). Digital photos of the sacral base were taken with each bone in a standardized orientation. Technical drawing software was used to trace its profile and to measure related dimensions (area, perimeter, and breadth of S1 and total breadth of the sacrum). The measurements were subjected to discriminant and classification function analyses. The sex prediction success of 93.2% for the Bolognese sample, 81.6% for the Sassarese sample, and 88.3% for the pooled sample indicates that the first sacral vertebra is a good character for sex determination. [source] The Placement of the Human Eyeball and Canthi in Craniofacial IdentificationJOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 3 2008Carl N. Stephan Ph.D. Abstract:, An accurate understanding of the spatial relationships between the deep and superficial structures of the head is essential for anthropological methods concerned with the comparison of faces to skulls (superimposition) or the prediction of faces from them (facial approximation). However, differences of opinion exist concerning: (i) the position of the eyeball in planes other than the anteroposterior plane and (ii) the canthi positions relative to the bony orbital margins. This study attempts to clarify the above relationships by dissection of a small sample of adult human cadavers (N = 4, mean age = 83 years, s = 12 years). The most notable finding was that the eyeballs were not centrally positioned within the orbits as the more recent craniofacial identification literature expounds. Rather, the eyeballs were consistently positioned closer to the orbital roof and lateral orbital wall (by 1,2 mm on average); a finding consistent with the earlier anatomical literature. While these estimation errors are small ipsilaterally, several factors make them meaningful: (i) the orbital region is heavily used for facial recognition; (ii) the width error is doubled because the eyes are bilateral structures; (iii) the eyes are sometimes used to predict/assess other soft tissue facial structures; and (iv) the net error in facial approximation rapidly accumulates with the subsequent prediction of each independent facial feature. While the small sample size of this study limits conclusive generalizations, the new data presented here nonetheless have immediate application to craniofacial identification practice because the results are evidence based. In contrast, metric data have never been published to support the use of the central positioning guideline. Clearly, this study warrants further quantification of the eyeball position in larger samples and preferably of younger individuals. [source] The Maka femur and its bearing on the antiquity of human walking: Applying contemporary concepts of morphogenesis to the human fossil recordAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2002C. Owen Lovejoy Abstract MAK-VP-1/1, a proximal femur recovered from the Maka Sands (ca. 3.4 mya) of the Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and attributed to Australopithecus afarensis, is described in detail. It represents the oldest skeletal evidence of locomotion in this species, and is analyzed from a morphogenetic perspective. X-ray, CT, and metric data are evaluated, using a variety of methods including discriminant function. The specimen indicates that the hip joint of A. afarensis was remarkably like that of modern humans, and that the dramatic muscle allocation shifts which distinguish living humans and African apes were already present in a highly derived form in this species. Its anatomy provides no indication of any form of locomotion save habitual terrestrial bipedality, which very probably differed only trivially from that of modern humans. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:97,133, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Case study: a maintenance practice used with real-time telecommunications softwareJOURNAL OF SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE AND EVOLUTION: RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, Issue 2 2001Miroslav Popovi Abstract In this paper we present a case study of the software maintenance practice that has been successfully applied to real-time distributed systems, which are installed and fully operational in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and other cities across Russia. In this paper we concentrate on the software maintenance process, including customer request servicing, in-field error logging, role of information system, software deployment, and software quality policy, and especially the software quality prediction process. In this case study, the prediction process is shown to be integral and one of the most important parts of the software maintenance process. We include a software quality prediction procedure overview and an example of the actual practice. The quality of the new software update is predicted on the basis of the current update's quantity metrics data and quality data, and new update's quantity metrics data. For management, this forecast aids software maintenance efficiency, and cost reduction. For practitioners, the most useful result presented is the process for determining the value for the break point. We end this case study with five lessons learned. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||