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Methyl Eugenol (methyl + eugenol)
Selected AbstractsFlower-feeding affects mating performance in male oriental fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalisECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 1 2000Todd E. Shelly Summary 1. Males of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis are attracted to and feed on flowers of the golden shower blossom Cassia fistula. Flowers of this plant contain methyl eugenol, the metabolites of which apparently function in the synthesis of male sex pheromone. 2. The goal of the study reported here was to determine whether feeding on C. fistula flowers enhanced male mating success. Mating frequencies of unfed (control) and fed (treated) males were compared in trials conducted 0 (same day), 2, 7, or 21 days after treated males were exposed to the flowers. Trials were performed using flowers from three trees of C. fistula to investigate whether the effects of floral feeding were similar among different plants. 3. For all three trees, treated males accounted for a disproportionately large number of matings in trials performed 0, 2, and 7 days after floral feeding by the treated males. For two of the trees, treated males also had a mating advantage 21 days after flower-feeding. 4. Additional tests were conducted to compare female attraction to perch sites of control and treated males. When at a lek, males exhibit rigorous wing-fanning behaviour, presumably to increase dispersal of the sex pheromone. Floral feeding had no significant effect on the level of wing-fanning. Significantly more female sightings were recorded for perches of treated than control males, however, suggesting that the treated males produced a pheromone more attractive to females than did control males. [source] Management of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of the Most Perishable FruitsENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2005Muhammad Ahsan KHAN ABSTRACT We investigated to minimize the dependency on the use of chemicals and thus develop safe and environmental friendly control program for the most perishable fruits i.e., apple,,ber', guava and mango. Our findings on the composition of fruit fly species reveal that Bactrocera dorsalis was dominant on apple (33.96% existence), Corpomya incompleta on,ber'(51.91% existence) and Bactrocera zonata on guava (49.62% existence) and mango (74.66% existence). The correlation between population and infestation percentage was non-significant in apple orchards, whereas positive and highly significant in between population and infestation, as well as on the cumulative basis in,ber', guava and mango orchards during 1998-1999. Hoeing, baiting and methyl eugenol were statistically equal resulting about 77% decrease in infestation. The maximum control of 91.68% was observed where all four-control operations including Dipterex® were integrated together. Weather factors, when computed together, had maximum effect on population fluctuation and infestation with rainfall contributing the major role. For guava fruits, the months of August (14.06A individuals/trap/day) and September (13.81A individuals/trap/day) were important, resulting in maximum infestation percentage of 10.76 to 14.74%, respectively. [source] Comparative study of the essential oils of seven Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) species grown in BrazilFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2007Cleber J. Silva Abstract The compositions of the essential oils obtained from seven species of Melaleuca grown in the municipal district of Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were analysed by both GC and GC,MS. The various Melaleuca species showed differences within their relative essential oil compositions. Each of the oils analysed revealed a dominant component: terpinen-4-ol (53.7 ± 0.2%) for M. alternifolia; 1,8-cineole for M. armillaris (80.2 ± 0.0%), M. ericifolia (79.5 ± 0.4%), M. cajuputi, subspecies cajuputi (43.7 ± 0.5%) and M. cajuputi subspecies platyphylla (41.0 ± 8.5%); viridiflorol (71.0 ± 0.9%) for M. quinquenervia; and methyl eugenol (96.6 ± 0.7%) for M. leucadendra. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. from two localities in IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006F. Askari Abstract Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems plus leaves, inflorescences and seeds of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. individually. The plants were collected from Khojir and Chaloos (north-east and north of Tehran province, respectively). The yields of stem plus leaf, inflorescence and seed oils for the Khojir samples were 0.04%, 1.98% and 5.33% w/w and for the Chalous samples were 0.37%, 1.74% and 4.05% w/w, respectively. Limonene is a major constituent in the inflorescence and seed oils of the Khojir (47.9% and 90.5%, respectively) and Chalous samples (37.8% and 70.8%, respectively), whereas it was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir and the Chalous samples in low amounts (1.4% and 0.8%, respectively). , -Terpinen-7-al is the major constituent in the stem plus leaf and inflorescence oils of the Khojir (69.9% and 37.6%) and Chalous samples (72.8% and 49.1%), but was not found at all in the seed oils. Caryophyllene oxide (9.1%) was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir sample, and methyl eugenol (9.7%) and (E)-nerolidol acetate (9.1%) in the seed oil of the Chalous sample. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Croton cuneatus and Croton malambo growing in VenezuelaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2005Alírica I. Suárez Abstract The bark of Croton malambo and the aerial parts of Croton cuneatus were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain the essential oils of each specie. The composition of these samples were analysed by GC-MS and by NMR. The analysis of the C. malambo oil showed 36 constituents including traces, in which methyl eugenol (65.4%), methyl isoeugenol (6.3%), elemicine (4.7%), isoelemicine (3.4%), veratral (3.0%) and , -cadinol (4.1%) were the major components. C. cuneatus oil was found to be rich in phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpene alcohols, showing 43 compounds, where , -11-eudesmene (51.3%), methyleugenol (25.9%), 4- , -seleniol (10.2%), cedryl propyl ether (2.9%), , -cadinol (4.4%), cubenol (1.3%) methyl isoeugenol (1.2%), veratral (1.3%) and agarospirol (1.0%) were the most abundant compounds. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Seasonality and host utilization of the invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens (Dipt., Tephritidae) in central TanzaniaJOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 9-10 2006M. W. Mwatawala Abstract:, The temporal occurrence of the invasive and economically important pest fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens was studied in three agro-ecological areas of Morogoro Region, central Tanzania, during 2004,2005. Weekly and monthly trappings were carried out with methyl eugenol, protein bait and synthetic food attractant. Bactrocera invadens was permanently present at low and mid-altitudes (380,520 m a.s.l.) with peak periods coinciding with the fruiting season of mango (Mangifera indica) and guava (Psidium guajava). At high altitude (1650 m a.s.l.) its incidence was only temporal and apparently the result of dispersal from lower altitudes after the mango fruiting season. Rearing results showed mango, loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), guava and grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) to be the favoured commercial host fruits. Other Citrus species, cucurbits, papaya (Carica papaya) and avocado (Persea americana) were less favoured. [source] ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SALVIA VERBENACA L. GROWING WILD IN TUNISIAJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2010MOUNA BEN TAARIT ABSTRACT The essential oil of aerial parts of Salvia verbenaca L., collected in three different locations in Tunisia, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC,mass spectrometry. The oil yields of dried plants (w/w) were 0.09, 0.10 and 0.12% in Sabelet Ben Ammar, Sers and Somaa, respectively. Seventy-seven compounds were identified. The monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes had the highest contributions. The major constituents in Sabelet Ben Ammar were viridiflorol (21.8%), camphene (17.6%), methyl eugenol (9.4%) and ,-caryophyllene (7.1%), while those of essential oil collected from Somaa, were tricyclene (18.8%), nonane (10.3%), methyl eugenol (7.7%) and terpinolene (7.3%). In samples collected from Sers, essential oil consists mainly of (Z)-,-ocimene (29.5%), ,-phellandrene (8.2%), ,-thujone (7.9%) and ,-pinene (5.5%). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In this study, it has been found that the oils of wild-growing Salvia verbenaca L. in Tunisia are rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons with great economical values. The plant family Labiatae contains several species with potential therapeutic activity due to their essential oils. Pharmacology, pharmaceutical botany, medical and clinical microbiology, phytopathology and food preservation are some fields in which essential oils can be applied. Many Salvia spp. are used as herbal tea and for food flavoring, as well as in cosmetics, perfumery and the pharmaceutical industry. It has shown that essential oil of S. verbenaca have strong antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activities and peripheral analgesic properties. [source] Spatial and temporal partitioning of behaviour by adult dacines: direct evidence for methyl eugenol as a mate rendezvous cue for Bactrocera cacuminataPHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 3 2003S. Raghu Abstract., Resource use in adult Dacinae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is believed to be restricted to the host plant (i.e. the plant that provides fruit for oviposition and larval development). However, studies on Bactrocera cacuminata did not support this hypothesis. Thus, it was hypothesized that adult flies partition their diurnal activities between spatially separated resources (host plant, sugar, protein and methyl eugenol) as a function of the physiological status of the fly (immature, mature,unmated, mature,mated). In accordance with a priori predictions, the results of a field-cage study show that there are significant diurnal patterns in abundance and behaviour, and that flies of different physiological status use resources differently. Immature flies spend most of their time foraging for sugar and protein to facilitate development. Sexually mature flies forage for sugars during the day, and at dusk, responded strongly to methyl eugenol and mate. The fact that polygynous males wait at methyl eugenol at dusk whereas the mated, monandrous females spend their time ovipositing in fruit and are nonresponsive to methyl eugenol, supports Metcalf's hypothesis that such phenylpropanoids serve as mate rendezvous cues. [source] | |||||||||||||