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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (methicillin + resistant_staphylococcus_aureu)
Selected AbstractsRegional audit: Perioperative management of MRSA orthopaedic patients in the Oxford regionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 5 2004N. Aslam Summary Aim:, Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonisation or infection is of particular importance in patients undergoing operations involving implanteable materials, such as in orthopaedic surgery. An audit of the perioperative management of orthopaedic patients in the Oxford region was carried out to assess the level of clinician awareness and the uniformity of current guidelines between hospitals. Methods:, A postal questionnaire was designed for asking information on various aspects of perioperative management of MRSA patients and was sent to each hospital. Results:, Responses were obtained from nine of 10 hospitals in the region. The average response rate for each hospital was 75%, and the overall individual response rate was 67.5% (27/40). Seventy-eight per cent of respondents knew that there was a pre-admission screening policy. Fifteen per cent were unaware of any MRSA policy. Forty-four per cent indicated that teicoplanin was used for prophylaxis in implant surgery whilst 44% used vancomycin. Eighteen per cent believed that cefuroxime was used for prophylaxis. Forty-eight per cent of hospitals had an MRSA-free zone for orthopaedic patients. Conclusion:, This study indicates a lack of uniformity in the perioperative management of MRSA-positive patients in the region and a lack of awareness of both MRSA guidelines and their implementation. Uniformity of MRSA guidelines is necessary to allow better clinician awareness and compliance, especially in surgical trainees who are travelling between different training hospitals in the region. Implementation of such a policy with re-audit of subsequent awareness and compliance is proposed. [source] Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosisPEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Giovanni Taccetti MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Human antibody response during sepsis against targets expressed by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureusFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2000Udo Lorenz Abstract The identification of target structures is a prerequisite for the development of new treatment options, like antibody based therapy, against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study we identified immunodominant structures which were expressed in vivo during sepsis caused by MRSA. Using human sera we compared the immune response of humans with MRSA sepsis with the immune response of normal individuals and asymptomatically colonized individuals. We identified and characterized four staphylococcal specific antigenic structures. One target is a staphylococcal protein of 29 kDa that exhibited 29% identity to secreted protein SceA precursor of Staphylococcus carnosus. The putative function of this protein, which was designated IsaA (immunodominant staphylococcal antigen), is unknown. The second target is an immunodominant protein of 17 kDa that showed no homology to any currently known protein. This immunodominant protein was designated IsaB. The third and fourth antigens are both immunodominant proteins of 10 kDa. One of these proteins showed 100% identity to major cold shock protein CspA of S. aureus and the other protein was identified as the phosphocarrier protein Hpr of S. aureus. The identified immunodominant proteins may serve as potential targets for the development of antibody based therapy against MRSA. [source] MRSA pyomyositis complicating sickle cell anaemiaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2001C. Millar A patient being treated for sickle cell crisis developed swollen, painful, indurated, discoloured thighs after several days in hospital. Imaging revealed the presence of multiple small abscesses in the muscle and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was cultured from aspirated fluid. Pyomyositis usually occurs in association with damaged muscle and impaired host defences. Staphylococcus is the most frequent organism involved. It is not a common complication of sickle cell disease, although it may be under diagnosed. Availability of advanced imaging techniques facilitates early diagnosis of pyomyositis. [source] Effect of certain bioactive plant extracts on clinical isolates of ,-lactamase producing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureusJOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Farrukh Aqil Ethanolic extracts and some fractions from 10 Indian medicinal plants, known for antibacterial activity, were investigated for their ability to inhibit clinical isolates of ,-lactamase producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Synergistic interaction of plant extracts with certain antibiotics was also evaluated. The MRSA test strains were found to be multi-drug resistant and also exhibited high level of resistance to common ,-lactam antibiotics. These strains produced ,-lactamases, which hydrolyze one or other ,-lactam antibiotics, tested. The extract of the plants from Camellia sinensis (leaves), Delonix regia (flowers), Holarrhena antidysenterica (bark), Lawsonia inermis (leaves), Punica granatum (rind), Terminalia chebula (fruits) and Terminalia belerica (fruits) showed a broad-spectrum of antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone size of 11 mm to 27 mm, against all the test bacteria. The extracts from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum showed better activity against the three MRSA strains. On the other hand, extracts from Allium sativum (bulb) and Citrus sinensis (rind) exhibited little or no activity, against MRSA strains. The antibacterial potency of crude extracts was determined in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the tube dilution method. MIC values, of the plant extracts, ranged from 1.3 to 8.2 mg/ml, against the test bacteria. Further, the extracts from Punica granatum and Delonix regia were fractionated in benzene, acetone and methanol. Antibacterial activity was observed in acetone as well as in the methanol fractions. In vitro synergistic interaction of crude extracts from Camellia sinensis, Lawsonia inermis, Punica granatum, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia belerica was detected with tetracycline. Moreover, the extract from Camellia sinensis also showed synergism with ampicillin. TLC of the above extracts revealed the presence of major phytocompounds, like alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols and saponins. TLC-bioautography indicated phenols and flavonoids as major active compounds. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Local and marginal control charts applied to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia reports in UK acute National Health Service trustsJOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY: SERIES A (STATISTICS IN SOCIETY), Issue 1 2009O. A. Grigg Summary., We consider the general problem of simultaneously monitoring multiple series of counts, applied in this case to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) reports in 173 UK National Health Service acute trusts. Both within-trust changes from baseline (,local monitors') and overall divergence from the bulk of trusts (,relative monitors') are considered. After standardizing for type of trust and overall trend, a transformation to approximate normality is adopted and empirical Bayes shrinkage methods are used for estimating an appropriate baseline for each trust. Shewhart, exponentially weighted moving average and cumulative sum charts are then set up for both local and relative monitors: the current state of each is summarized by a p -value, which is processed by a signalling procedure that controls the false discovery rate. The performance of these methods is illustrated by using 4.5 years of MRSA data, and the appropriate use of such methods in practice is discussed. [source] Presumed interaction of fusidic acid with simvastatinANAESTHESIA, Issue 6 2008A. J. Burtenshaw Summary A 63-year-old man was admitted 6 weeks after an elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair following which methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) had been cultured from the aneurysmal sac. He had been commenced on a course of fusidic acid at discharge in addition to his ongoing statin prescription and presented 4 weeks later with symptoms consistent with rhabdomyolysis. Severe rhabdomyolysis was confirmed and despite prolonged and complicated critical care management, his treatment was unsuccessful. Extensive investigations ruled out other known causes of this clinical presentation and failed to identify any other precipitating cause of rhabdomyolysis. We believe the most likely cause was hepatic inhibition of the CYP3A4 hepatic isoenzyme by fusidic acid resulting in an acute severe rise in plasma simvastatin level and extensive myocellular damage. Increasing MRSA colonisation and infection rates together with increased statin usage have the potential to increase the incidence of this presumed drug interaction. [source] | ||||||||||