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Measured Height (measured + height)
Selected AbstractsPrevalence and Degree of Childhood and Adolescent Overweight in Rural, Urban, and Suburban GeorgiaJOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 4 2006Richard D. Lewis The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of OW and EOW in school-aged youths from 4 regions of Georgia. A 2-stage cluster sampling procedure was performed in 2002, with participation of 4th-, 8th- and 11th-grade students (N = 3114). Measured height and weight were used to determine body mass index (BMI) for age percentiles and data were weighted to estimate population prevalence of OW. A logistic regression model determined predictors of OW. The overall estimate of OW prevalence was 20.2% and highest in males (22.0%), non-Hispanic blacks (21.8%), "other races" (32.4%), and students residing in rural growth (23.7%) and rural decline (23.0%) areas. Overweight prevalence was similar among grades. The overall estimated EOW was 4.3 and highest in males (4.7), other races (5.6), non-Hispanic blacks (5.2), and students from rural growth (5.4) and rural decline (5.0) areas. Sex, race, location, and economic tier were significant predictors (= 0.02) of OW. The prevalence and severity of OW was higher in youths residing in Georgia than nationally. School health professionals, community leaders, and parents should provide support for updated school policies aimed at providing BMI surveillance and a school environment that encourages physical activity and healthy nutrition practices. (J Sch Health. 2006;76(4):126-132) [source] Osteoporosis-Related Kyphosis and Impairments in Pulmonary Function: A Systematic Review,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2007Robyn A Harrison Abstract We conducted a systematic review to examine the relationship between osteoporotic vertebral fractures, kyphosis, and pulmonary function. Findings suggest modest but predictable declines in vital capacity related to the degree of kyphosis. However, there were only four studies, and all had significant methodologic limitations. Further high-quality research is needed. Introduction: Our objective was to systematically review the extent to which osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures and kyphosis affect pulmonary function. Materials and Methods: We used a literature search from 1966 to 2006 (using Medline, EMBASE, and hand searches of references) for studies examining pulmonary function in patients without known lung disease who had vertebral fractures or kyphosis secondary to osteoporosis. Two reviewers independently abstracted data. Heterogeneity precluded formal meta-analysis. Results: Initial searches yielded 453 articles. After applying eligibility criteria, only four case-control studies of limited quality (e.g., only one study was blinded) remained. Since 1966, only 109 patients (6 men) have been studied. All four studies reported reductions in vital capacity (VC), with values ranging from 68% to 94% of predicted values. This was quantified as a 9% reduction in predicted VC per vertebral fracture in one study. The degree of kyphosis clinically (one study) or radiographically (three studies) correlated with declines in VC; impairments were most notable at kyphotic angles >55°. Statistically significant differences in percent predicted VC were obtained only when arm span or recalled height, rather than measured height, was used (two studies). Conclusions: Despite conventional teaching, the evidence relating osteoporotic vertebral fractures or kyphosis to pulmonary function is limited. On the basis of available studies, declines in VC secondary to kyphosis seem modest and directly related to the number of vertebral fractures or degree of kyphosis. Future studies need longitudinal follow-up of larger numbers of men and women, appropriate proxies for height, standardized measures for pulmonary function and kyphosis, and efforts to blind outcomes ascertainment. [source] The Paradox of Obesity in Patients with Heart FailureJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 12 2005Jill A. Hall MS Purpose Heart failure (HF) patients often have comorbid conditions that confound management and adversely affect prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the obesity paradox is also present in hospitalized HF patients in an integrated healthcare system. Data sources A cohort of 2707 patients with a primary diagnosis of HF was identified within an integrated, 20-hospital healthcare system. Patients were identified by ICD-9 codes or a left ventricular ejection fraction ,40% dating back to 1995. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the first measured height and weight when hospitalized with HF. Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan Meier estimation. Hazard ratios for 3-year mortality with 95% confidence intervals were assessed using Cox regression, controlling for age, gender, and severity of illness at time of diagnosis. Conclusions Three-year survival rates paradoxically improved for patients with increasing BMI. Survival rates for the larger three BMI quartiles were significantly better than for the lowest quartile after adjusting for severity of illness, age, and gender. Implications for practice While obesity increases the risk of developing HF approximately twofold, reports involving stable outpatients suggest that obesity is associated with improved survival after the development of HF. This finding is paradoxical because obesity increases the risk and worsens the prognosis of other cardiovascular diseases. [source] Prevalence and Trends in Overweight in Mexican-American Adults and ChildrenNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 2004Katherine M. Flegal Ph.D. Overweight and obesity have been increasing in many countries. Our objective is to describe the trends in overweight and obesity occurring in the Mexican-American population in the United States. Data on measured height and weight for Mexican Americans come from the following surveys: the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES, 1982,84), the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988,94), and NHANES 1999,2002. In 1999,2002, 73% of Mexican-American adults were overweight and 33% were obese. Obesity increased between NHANES III and NHANES 1999,2002, from 24% to 27% for men and from 35% to 38% for women. Increases were also seen for children and adolescents. The Mexican-American population in the United States, both children and adults, is showing trends in overweight and obesity over time that are similar to those seen in other segments of the U.S. population and indeed in many countries [source] Use of the Broselow Tape May Result in the Underresuscitation of ChildrenACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 10 2006ACNP, Carolyn T. Nieman MSN Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the concordance of the Broselow tape with the measured heights and weights of a community-based population of children, especially in light of the increase in obesity in today's children. Methods The authors examined more than 7,500 children in a cross-sectional, descriptive study in two different cohorts of children to compare their actual weight with their predicted weight by a color-coded tape measure. Results In all patients, the percent agreement and , values of the Broselow color predicted by height versus the actual color by weight for the 2002A tape were 66.2% and 0.61, respectively. The concordance was best in infants, followed by school-age children, toddlers, and preschoolers (,= 0.66, 0.44, 0.39, and 0.39, respectively; percent agreement, 81.3%, 58.2%, 60.7%, and 64.0%, respectively). The tapes accurately predicted (within 10%) medication dosages for resuscitation in 55.3%,60.0% of the children. The number of children who were underdosed (by ,10%) exceeded those who were overdosed (by ,10%) by 2.5 to 4.4 times (p < 0.05). The tapes accurately predicted uncuffed endotracheal tube sizes when compared with age-based guidelines in 71% of the children, with undersizing (,0.5 mm) exceeding oversizing by threefold to fourfold (p < 0.05). Conclusions The Broselow tape color-coded system inaccurately predicted actual weight in one third of children. Caregivers need to take into consideration the accuracy of this device when estimating children's weight during the resuscitation of a child. [source] | ||||||||||