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May
Kinds of May Terms modified by May Selected AbstractsSpawning and recruitment patterns of major fish species in Bontanga Reservoir, Ghana, West AfricaLAKES & RESERVOIRS: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2010Kwadwo Kwarfo-Apegyah Abstract The spawning and recruitment patterns of the major Cichlid fish species, including Hemichromis fasciatus, Oreochromis niloticus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Tilapia zillii and other species, Auchenoglanis occidentalis, Brycinus nurse, Clarias gariepinus and Marcusenius senegalensis were studied for 24 months in Bontanga Reservoir, Ghana, using length-based fish stock assessment approaches. The species spawned throughout the year, with two spawning pulses described as major and minor spawning seasons. The major spawning season occurred from March to September for the Cichlids, and from May to September for the other species. The minor spawning season, indicative of extended spawning, occurred from October to March for all the fish stocks. Fish spawning began with the onset of the rains in April/May, peaking by June/July, before the rainfall peak in August for all the fish stocks studied. Recruitment was found to occur throughout the year, with major and minor pulses coinciding with the major and minor spawning seasons. Accordingly, the most appropriate time for a possible closed fishing period appears to be from June to August, 1 month after the start of, and before the end of, the rains. The estimated mean standard length (Lm) for first time spawners of A. occidentalis, B. nurse, C. gariepinus and H. faciatus were 11.7, 12.7, 2.7 and 7.5 cm respectively. The estimated maturity,length ratio of 0.4 and 0.2 for O. niloticus, S. galilaeus and T. zillii were lower than the known 0.7 for normal growth, suggesting the tilapias matured faster, and at a smaller size, in the reservoir. Apparent sexual precocity associated with early maturity, year-round spawning and recruitment were some important adaptations found to have sustained the reservoir fisheries, even during high fishing pressures. For conservation and sustainable exploitation of the fisheries, instituting a closed fishing season, mesh size regulations, withdrawal rights and a community-based fishery management system are recommended. [source] Light use efficiency of dry matter gain in five macro-lichens: relative impact of microclimate conditions and species-specific traitsPLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 1 2000K. Palmqvist ABSTRACT Relations between irradiance (I) and lichen growth were investigated for five macro-lichens growing at two sites in Sweden. The lichens represented different mycobiont,photobiont associations, two morphologies (foliose, fruticose) and two life forms (epiphytic, terricolous). The lichens were transplanted at two geographically distant sites in Sweden (1000 km apart) from Sept 1995 to Sept 1996 in their typical microhabitats, where microclimate and growth were followed. Between April/May and Sept 96, the terricolous species had a dry matter gain of 0·2 to 0·4 g (g DW),1 and the epiphytes 0·01 to 0·02 g (g DW),1. When related to area, growth amounted to 30 to 70 g m,2 for the terricolous species and to 1 to 4 g m,2 for the epiphytes. There was a strong correlation between growth and intercepted irradiance when the lichens were wet (Iwet), with 0·2 to 1·1 g lichen dry matter being produced per MJ solar energy. Across the 10 sets of transplants, light use efficiencies of dry matter yield (e) ranged between 0·5 and 2%, using an energy equivalent of 17·5 kJ g,1 of lichen dry matter. The higher productivity of the terricolous species was due to longer periods with thallus water contents sufficient for metabolic activity and because of the higher mean photon flux densities of their microhabitat. A four-fold difference in photosynthetic capacity among the species was also important. It is concluded that lichen dry matter gain was primarily related to net carbon gain during metabolically active periods, which was determined by light duration, photon flux density and photosynthetic capacity. [source] Reproduction of the Bat Glossophaga commissarisi (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) in the Costa Rican Rain Forest During Frugivorous and Nectarivorous Periods,BIOTROPICA, Issue 3 2005Marco Tschapka ABSTRACT I studied the reproduction of the 9 g nectarivorous bat Glossophaga commissarisi (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) in relation to its food choice in a Costa Rican lowland rain forest over more than 2 yr. Reproduction was bimodal with birth peaks in April/May and October/November. The first birth peak coincided with a period of frugivory, whereas the second occurred during a period of almost exclusive nectarivory. All adult females recaptured in consecutive reproductive periods were reproductively active on both occasions, indicating that individual G. commissarisi females regularly reproduce twice per year at the study site. Throughout the annual cycle the mean testis length of the males correlated best with the proportion of females lactating, suggesting a post partum estrous pattern. Animals became reproductively active at about 1 yr of age. Fecal samples showed that females consumed significantly more insects than males. RESUMEN Se estudió la reproducción del murciélago nectarívero Glossophaga commissarisi (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) en relación a sus preferencias alimenticias en un bosque lluvioso de tierras bajas en Costa Rica por más de dos años. La reproducción fue bimodal con picos de nacimiento en abril/mayo y octubre/noviembre. El primer pico de nacimiento coincidió con un periodo de frugivoría, mientras que el segundo ocurrió durante un periodo exclusivo de nectarivoría. Todas las hembras adultas recapturadas en periodos reproductivos consecutivos estaban reproductivamente activas en ambas occasiones. Indicando así que cada hembra de G. commissarisi regularmente reproduce dos veces al año en el sitio del estudio. Durante todo el ciclo annual el promedio de la longitud de los testículos de los machos se correlacionó mejor con la proporción de hembras en lactancia, sugiriendo una norma de post partum estro. Los animales se vuelven reproductivamente activos cerca de un año de edad. Examen de muestras fecales indicaron que las hembras consumen significativamente más insectos que los machos. [source] IRC § 71 MAY IMPOVERISH CHILDREN, ENDANGER EX-WIVES, AND DISRUPT FEDERALISM1FAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 4 2008Michael Waggoner The Internal Revenue Code provides that alimony will be deductible to the payor and taxable to the payee. Although this treatment may seem contrary to the payee's interest, compared to making the payments non-deductible and nontaxable, it can increase the payee's after-tax income. The payor's deduction will allow larger payments at no after-tax cost increase; if the payee is in a lower tax bracket, then even after paying taxes the payee will have more resources. Because this favorable treatment of alimony does not apply to child support, children of divorce are poorer. Nor does the favorable treatment apply to lump-sum payments, making this option less generous, even though many states have phased down the grant of alimony. Because the definition of alimony requires that it end with the payee's death,to protect the treatment provided for lump sums,the tax system is on the wrong side of the issue of violence against ex-spouses (typically the ex-wife). The article proposes extending to other similar payments the favorable tax treatment now provided for alimony. [source] COST CONSIDERATION BY MEDICARE PART D PLANS MAY PROMOTE THE USE OF POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATIONSJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 5 2010Adam G. Golden MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] FUNCTIONAL DENTAL OCCLUSION MAY PREVENT FALLS IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS WITH DEMENTIAJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 9 2005Mitsuyoshi Yoshida DDS No abstract is available for this article. [source] 2005 NATIONAL ORAL HEALTH CONFERENCE: MAY 2,4, 2005, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIAJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 2005Highlights First page of article [source] FRIDAY 28 MAY 2010NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 2010Article first published online: 18 MAY 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] SATURDAY 29 MAY 2010NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 2010Article first published online: 18 MAY 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] MINUTES OF THE 80th ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSOCIATION LIMITED HELD IN HALL A, CAIRNS CONVENTION CENTRE, CAIRNS, QUEENSLAND ON WEDNESDAY 28 MAY 2003 AT 3.30 PMAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 8 2003Article first published online: 10 MAR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Applied Survival Analysis: Regression Modeling of Time-to-Event Data, 2nd edition by HOSMER, D. W., LEMESHOW, S., and MAY, S.BIOMETRICS, Issue 2 2009Article first published online: 28 MAY 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] INHIBITION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4, NUCLEAR FACTOR-,B AND MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE BY LIGNOCAINE MAY INVOLVE VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE SODIUM CHANNELSCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 9 2008Ping-Ying Lee SUMMARY 1We have shown previously that lignocaine inhibits the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a crucial factor that initiates the systemic inflammatory response during sepsis, possibly through voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSC). Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor (NF)-,B and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) participate in the upstream regulation of iNOS expression induced by endotoxin. In the present study, we investigated the effects of lignocaine in the regulation of the expression of these enzymes. The role of VSSC in the effects of lignocaine was also investigated. 2Confluent murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) were randomized to receive lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/mL), LPS + lignocaine (50 µmol/L), LPS + tetrodotoxin (TTX; 1 µmol/L; a VSSC inhibitor), LPS + lignocaine + veratridine (Ver; 50 µmol/L; a VSSC activator) or LPS + TTX + Ver. After reacting with LPS for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min, cell cultures were harvested and enzyme expression was evaluated. 3We found that LPS significantly increased the concentrations of TLR-4, NF-,B and MAPKs, including extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK, in activated macrophages. Lignocaine and TTX significantly attenuated the effects of LPS on TLR-4, NF-,B, ERK and p38 MAPK expression, but not on JNK. Veratridine mitigated the effects of lignocaine and TTX. 4These data demonstrate that lignocaine has significant inhibitory effects on the activation of TLR-4, NF-,B and MAPKs in activated macrophages. Moreover, these effects involve VSSC. [source] Communicating process architecture for multicores,CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION: PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, Issue 8 2010D. May Abstract Communicating process architecture can be used to build efficient multicore chips scaling to hundreds of processors. Concurrent processing, communications and input,output are supported directly by the instruction set of the cores and by the protocol used in the on-chip interconnect. Concurrent programs are compiled directly to the chip exploiting novel compiler optimizations. The architecture supports a variety of programming techniques, ranging from statically configured process networks to dynamic reconfiguration and mobile processes. Copyright © 2007 D. May. [source] Abstracts: 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association of European Pediatric Cardiology,Venice, Italy, May 21,24, 2008CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, Issue 6 2008Christopher S. Snyder MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Review of Abstracts from the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology Meeting, May 24,27, Basel, SwitzerlandCONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, Issue 5 2006Christopher S. Snyder MD [source] African Wild Dogs May Pay Their Own WayCONSERVATION, Issue 2 2005Article first published online: 8 MAR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal Bacterial Transmission among Humans, Mountain Gorillas, and Livestock in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, UgandaCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2008INNOCENT B. RWEGO ecología de enfermedades; Escherichia coli; primates; salud del ecosistema; zoonosis Abstract:,Habitat overlap can increase the risks of anthroponotic and zoonotic pathogen transmission between humans, livestock, and wild apes. We collected Escherichia coli bacteria from humans, livestock, and mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, from May to August 2005 to examine whether habitat overlap influences rates and patterns of pathogen transmission between humans and apes and whether livestock might facilitate transmission. We genotyped 496 E. coli isolates with repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and measured susceptibility to 11 antibiotics with the disc-diffusion method. We conducted population genetic analyses to examine genetic differences among populations of bacteria from different hosts and locations. Gorilla populations that overlapped in their use of habitat at high rates with people and livestock harbored E. coli that were genetically similar to E. coli from those people and livestock, whereas E. coli from gorillas that did not overlap in their use of habitats with people and livestock were more distantly related to human or livestock bacteria. Thirty-five percent of isolates from humans, 27% of isolates from livestock, and 17% of isolates from gorillas were clinically resistant to at least one antibiotic used by local people, and the proportion of individual gorillas harboring resistant isolates declined across populations in proportion to decreasing degrees of habitat overlap with humans. These patterns of genetic similarity and antibiotic resistance among E. coli from populations of apes, humans, and livestock indicate that habitat overlap between species affects the dynamics of gastrointestinal bacterial transmission, perhaps through domestic animal intermediates and the physical environment. Limiting such transmission would benefit human and domestic animal health and ape conservation. Resumen:,El traslape de hábitats puede incrementar los riesgos de transmisión de patógenos antroponótica y zoonótica entre humanos, ganado y simios silvestres. Recolectamos bacterias Escherichia coli de humanos, ganado y gorilas de montaña (Gorilla gorilla beringei) en el Parque Nacional Bwindi Impenetrable, Uganda, de mayo a agosto 2005 para examinar sí el traslape de hábitat influye en las tasas y patrones de transmisión de patógenos entre humanos y simios y sí el ganado facilita esa transmisión. Determinamos el genotipo de 496 aislados de E. coli con marcaje de reacción en cadena de polimerasa palindrómica extragénica (rep-PCR) y medimos la susceptibilidad a 11 antibióticos con el método de difusión de disco. Realizamos análisis de genética poblacional para examinar las diferencias genéticas entre poblaciones de bacterias de huéspedes y localidades diferentes. Las poblaciones de gorilas con alto grado de traslape en el uso de hábitat con humanos y ganado presentaron E. coli genéticamente similar a E. coli de humanos y ganado, mientras que E. coli de gorilas sin traslape en el uso hábitat con humanos y ganado tuvo relación lejana con las bacterias de humanos y ganado. Treinta y cinco porciento de los aislados de humanos, 27% de los aislados de ganado y 17% de los aislados de gorilas fueron clínicamente resistentes a por lo menos un antibiótico utilizado por habitantes locales, y la proporción de gorilas individuales con presencia de aislados resistentes declinó en las poblaciones proporcionalmente con la disminución en el grado de traslape con humanos. Estos de patrones de similitud genética y resistencia a antibióticos entre E. coli de poblaciones de simios, humanos y ganado indican que el traslape de hábitat entre especies afecta la dinámica de transmisión de bacterias gastrointestinales, probablemente a través de animales domésticos intermediarios y el ambiente físico. La limitación de esa transmisión beneficiaría a la salud de humanos y animales domésticos y a la conservación de simios. [source] Climate Variability in Regions of Amphibian DeclinesCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Michael A. Alexander The reanalysis system merges observations from airplanes, land stations, satellites, ships, and weather balloons with output from a weather-forecast model to create global fields of atmospheric variables. Station data consisted of temperature and precipitation measured with thermometers and rain gauges at fixed locations. Temperatures were near normal in Colorado when the amphibian declines occurred in the 1970s, whereas in Central America temperatures were warmer than normal, especially during the dry season. The station data from Puerto Rico and Australia indicated that temperatures were above normal during the period of amphibian declines, but reanalysis did not show such a clear temperature signal. Although declines occurred while the temperature and precipitation anomalies in some of the regions were large and of extended duration, the anomalies were not beyond the range of normal variability. Thus, unusual climate, as measured by regional estimates of temperature and precipitation, is unlikely to be the direct cause of amphibian declines, but it may have indirectly contributed to them. Previous researchers have noted that the declines appear to have propagated from northwest to southeast from Costa Rica to Panama and from southeast to northwest in Queensland, Australia. Wind has the potential to transport pathogens that cause amphibian mortality. The mean direction of the near-surface winds tended to parallel the path of amphibian declines from July,October in Central America and from May,July in Australia. The wind direction was highly variable, however, and the propagation rate of amphibian declines was much slower than the mean wind speed. In addition, the most likely pathogen is a chytrid fungus that does not produce desiccation-resistant spores. Thus, if wind is involved in the propagation of amphibian declines, it is through a complex set of processes. Resumen: Exploramos la relación entre las declinaciones de anfibios y las variaciones climáticas en Colorado, E.U.A., Puerto Rico, Costa Rica/Panamá y Queensland, Australia por medio de dos fuentes de información: resultados "sistema de reanálisis" del Centro Nacional de Predicción Ambiental y datos de estaciones área-promedio. El sistema de reanálisis combina observaciones de aeroplanos, estaciones terrestres, satélites, barcos y globos climatológicos, con resultados de un modelo de predicción climatológica para crear campos globales de variables atmosféricas. Los datos de estaciones fueron de temperatura y precipitación medidos con termómetros y pluviómetros en localidades fijas. Las temperaturas fueron casi normales en Colorado cuando ocurrieron las declinaciones en la década de 1970, mientras que las temperaturas en Centro América fueron mayores a lo normal, especialmente durante la época de sequía. Los datos de estaciones en Puerto Rico y Australia indicaron que la temperatura fue mayor a la normal durante el período de declinación de anfibios, pero un nuevo análisis no mostró una señal de temperatura tan clara. Aunque las declinaciones ocurrieron mientras las anomalías de temperatura y precipitación fueron grandes y de duración prolongada en algunas de las regiones, las anomalías no rebasaron el rango de variabilidad normal. Por lo tanto, es poco probable que el clima inusual, medido por estimaciones regionales de temperatura y precipitación, sea la causa directa de las declinaciones de anfibios, pero pudo haber contribuido indirectamente a ellas. Investigaciones previas notan que las declinaciones parecen haberse propagado de noroeste a sureste de Costa Rica a Panamá y de sureste a noreste en Queensland, Australia. El viento tiene el potencial de transportar patógenos que causan mortalidad de anfibios. La dirección promedio de los vientos superficiales tendió a ser paralela al camino de las declinaciones de anfibios de julio a octubre en Centro América y de mayo a julio en Australia. Sin embargo, la dirección del viento fue altamente variable y la tasa de propagación de declinaciones de anfibios fue mucho más lenta que la velocidad promedio del viento. Adicionalmente, el patógeno más probable es un hongo quítrido que no produce esporas resistentes a la desecación. Por tanto, si el viento está implicado en la propagación de declinaciones de anfibios, lo es por medio de un complejo conjunto de procesos. [source] Dermatitis from common ivy (Hedera helix L. subsp. helix) in Europe: past, present, and futureCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 4 2010Evy Paulsen Common ivy (Hedera helix subsp. helix) is a well-known native and ornamental plant in Europe. Reports on contact dermatitis from ivy have regularly appeared since 1899. Recently, it has been suggested that allergic contact dermatitis from the plant may be under-diagnosed, partly due to lack of commercial patch test allergens. The objective of the article is to present the results of aimed patch testing with the main common ivy allergen, falcarinol, during a 16-year period and review the newer literature. Consecutive patients tested with falcarinol 0.03% petrolatum from May 1993 to May 2009 were included. Cases published since 1987 were retrieved from the PubMed database. One hundred and twenty-seven Danish patients were tested with falcarinol and 10 (7.9%) tested positive. Seven were occupationally sensitized. Between 1994 and 2009, 28 new cases of contact dermatitis from ivy were reported, 2 of which were occupational. Only 11 of the 28 patients were tested with pure allergens. Falcarinol is not only widely distributed in the ivy family, but also in the closely related Apiaceae. Sensitization may occur in childhood or in adults pruning ivy plants or handling them in an occupational setting. In view of the ubiquity of falcarinol-containing plants and the relatively high prevalence of positive reactions in aimed patch testing, falcarinol should be the next plant allergen to be commercially available and included in the plant series worldwide. [source] FS04.5 Iodopropynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC) 0.2% is suggested for patch testing of patients with eczema possibly related to preservativesCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004Jochen Brasch Iodopropynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC)is a preservative that has been increasingly used for skin care products and cosmetics within the last years and the first cases of contact sensitization have meanwhile been reported. Therefore, a surveillance for IPBC contact allergy is now necessary. Our study was aimed to find out a suitable test concentration of IPBC for this purpose. The data 8106 patients tested by 23 centres of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) and the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK)in the time from May 2001 to July 2003 with IPBC in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5% were retrospectively evaluated. Criteria considered to determine the optimal test concentration of IPBC were the reaction index, the positivity ratio, the rate of crescendo reactions, and the relation of IPBC-reactions with MOAHLFA-indices, with irritant reactions to sodium lauryl sulfate, and with positive reactions to the most common standard contact allergens and 4 other preservatives. For statistical evaluations the exact McNemar test was applied and odds ratios were calculated according to the profile likelihood method, as derived from logistic regression analyses. The rate of positive reactions to IPBC increased from 0.5% with IPBC 0.1% to 1.7% with IPBC 0.5%, but there was a problem with sensitivity or specificity with both of these 2 concentrations. Therefore, we focused on IPBC 0.2%(0.8% positive reactions) and IPBC 0.3%(1.3% positive reactions) for further detailed analyses. An evaluation of the related parameters revealed that with IPBC 0.2% as compared to IPBC 0.3% a higher percentage of crescendo reactions, a higher reaction index, a lower number of doubtful reactions, a plausible association of positive reactions with reactions to other preservatives, nd no association with a pronounced skin irritability was found. In conclusion, we recommend to start with IPBC 0.2% for patch testing of all persons with contact dermatitis that may be related to preservatives. [source] P44 A case of contact dermatitis caused by a NSAID's soluble agentCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004Yoshimi Kato A fifty five year-old man had experienced itching sensation when he applied analgesic plasters for his lumbago. He tried to use several kinds of analgesic plasters, however he felt itching sensation whenever he used them. He applied a plaster containing ferbinac for his left elbow joint's pain on April 2003. On the next day, an itching erythema developed on the area where the plaster was applied. He was treated with a difluprednate ointment, and his dermatitis gradually improved. He visited our clinic for precise medical examination for finding out the causative agent of his dermatitis on May 13, 2003. We conducted 48 hours closed patch testing with the plaster he used and it's ingredients. He reacted positively to the plaster containing ferbinac and crotamiton 5%p that was used for dissolute the active drug. He also reacted positively to a cream containing ketoprofen, however he reacted negatively to ketoprofen 1%p. Crotamoton was also used in the ketoprofen cream. [source] How Attitudes of Leaders May Enhance Organizational Creativity: Evidence from a Chinese StudyCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2007Karen Yuan Wang It has been argued that a key factor in the development of competitive advantage is the provision of an environment that encourages employees to be creative. Leaders play a crucial role in cultivating an environment that encourages subordinates to be creative. Based on a survey of 219 managers in privately owned enterprises in China, this study investigates how trust in subordinates in terms of their reliability and their loyalty to the leader is related to leaders encouraging subordinates to be creative. The findings reveal positive relationships between these two types of trust in subordinates and leaders encouraging subordinates to be creative. The findings also reveal that attitude to formalization moderated the relationship between trust in subordinates and encouraging them to be creative. [source] USING RANDOM JUDGE ASSIGNMENTS TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF INCARCERATION AND PROBATION ON RECIDIVISM AMONG DRUG OFFENDERS,CRIMINOLOGY, Issue 2 2010DONALD P. GREEN Most prior studies of recidivism have used observational data to estimate the causal effect of imprisonment or probation on the probability that a convicted individual is rearrested after release. Few studies have taken advantage of the fact that, in some jurisdictions, defendants are assigned randomly to judges who vary in sentencing tendencies. This study investigates whether defendants who are assigned randomly to more punitive judges have different recidivism probabilities than defendants who are assigned to relatively lenient judges. We track 1,003 defendants charged with drug-related offenses who were assigned randomly to nine judicial calendars between June 1, 2002 and May 9, 2003. Judges on these calendars meted out sentences that varied substantially in terms of prison and probation time. We tracked defendants using court records across a 4-year period after the disposition of their cases to determine whether they subsequently were rearrested. Our results indicate that randomly assigned variations in prison and probation time have no detectable effect on rates of rearrest. The findings suggest that, at least among those facing drug-related charges, incarceration and supervision seem not to deter subsequent criminal behavior. [source] Cytological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis, using Papanicolaou and May,Grünwald,Giemsa stained cutaneous tissue smearCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2008E. Christensen Objective:, Cytology may become the diagnostic method of choice with the advent of new non-invasive treatments for non-melanoma skin cancer, as the sampling technique for cytology entails little tissue disfiguration. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the diagnostic performance of scrape cytology using two different cytological staining techniques, and to evaluate additional touch imprint cytology, with that of histopathology of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and actinic keratosis (AK). Methods:, We investigated 50 BCC and 28 AK histologically verified lesions, from 41 and 25 patients, respectively. Two separate skin scrape samples and one touch imprint sample were taken from each lesion. The smears were stained with Papanicolaou (Pap) or May,Grünwald,Giemsa (MGG) stains. All cytological specimens were examined in random order by pathologists without knowledge of the histology. Cytodiagnostic results were compared with the histopathological report. Results:, Scrape cytodiagnosis agreed with histopathology in 48 (Pap) and 47 (MGG) of the 50 BCC cases, and in 26 of 28 (Pap) and 21 of 26 (MGG) AK cases, yielding sensitivities of 96%, 94%, 93% and 81%, respectively. No significant difference in sensitivity between the two staining methods was found but a trend towards higher Pap sensitivity for AK was noted (P = 0.10). Touch imprint cytology confirmed histopathology in 38 of the 77 cases of BCC and AK. Conclusion:, Cytological diagnosis with either Pap or MGG stain for BCC and AK is reliable, and differentiates well between BCC and AK. Imprint cytology proved to be non-diagnostic in half of the examined cases. [source] Fine needle aspiration cytology of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroidCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2003M. Powari In this retrospective study, we tried to ascertain the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) features of six histopathologically proven cases of the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroid (FVPCT). These proven cases were diagnosed from 1998,2000. May,Grunwald,Giemsa and haematoxylin & eosin stained FNAC smears were studied independently by two observers (MP and PD) for detailed cytological features. A comparison of the cytological features was undertaken with those reported in the literature. There were six cases of which only one case was diagnosed as FVPCT while the other five cases were diagnosed as follicular neoplasm (four cases) and neoplasm unclassifiable (one case) on FNAC smears. All these cases showed abundant cellularity with a prominent follicular pattern. No papillae were identified in any of the cases. Syncytial clusters (five cases), nuclear grooves (six cases), nuclear inclusions (one case) and chewing gum colloid (three cases) were noted in variable proportions. We suggest that a differential diagnosis of FVPCT should be considered if the cytology smears show abundant cellularity, syncytial clusters and follicular arrangement along with thick colloid. [source] A systematic review of the diagnostic classifications of traumatic dental injuriesDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Karla Maria Pugliesi da Costa Feliciano Abstract,,, A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate the criteria used for the diagnostic classification of traumatic dental injuries from an epidemiological standpoint. The methodology used was that suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration and the National Health Service. A total of 12 electronic bibliographical databases (BBO, BioMed Central, Blackwell Synergy, Cochrane, DARE, EMBASE, HighWire, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed Central, SciELO, SciSearch) and the World Wide Web were searched. There was no attempt to specify the strategy in relation to date, study design, or language. The last search was performed in May 2003. Two reviewers screened each record independently for eligibility by examining titles, abstracts, keywords and using a standardized reference form. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. The final study collection consisted of 164 articles, from 1936 to 2003, and the population sample ranged from 38 to 210 500 patients. 54 distinct classification systems were identified. According to the literature, the most frequently used classification system was that of Andreasen (32%); as regards the type of injury, the uncomplicated crown fracture was the most mentioned lesion (88.5%). Evidence supports the fact that there is no suitable system for establishing the diagnosis of the studied injuries that could be applied to epidemiological surveys. [source] Fourteenth World Congress on Dental Traumatology Reykjavik, Iceland , May 5,7, 2005DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Anthony J. DiAngelis No abstract is available for this article. [source] Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: A Case Series Treated with Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Identification of Patients in Whom Paraffin Sections May Be PreferableDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 4 2010IOULIOS PALAMARAS MD BACKGROUND Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare cutaneous tumor characterized by aggressive local infiltration, including a high propensity for perineural invasion (PNI). OBJECTIVES To report our experience in treating MAC using Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) with frozen sections and to identify patients in whom that technique may have limitations. MATERIALS & METHODS A review of records between 1992 and 2008. RESULTS Nine patients with MAC were identified. All tumors were located on the face. PNI was noted in the diagnostic biopsies of two patients with periocular MAC, in both of whom tumor persisted after MMS. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.4 years. CONCLUSIONS MMS with frozen sections is reliable for treating primary MAC in which PNI is not present on a diagnostic biopsy. Previous surgery and PNI were associated with greater risk of persistence in periocular MAC. In these patients, it may be appropriate to consider MMS with paraffin-embedded sections, possibly as a layer after apparent clearance on frozen sections. Further excision of orbital contents should be considered in periocular MAC that infiltrate the deep orbital fat or are noted to have PNI. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. [source] Complications of Minor Skin Surgery Performed under Local AnesthesiaDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 8 2008AVSHALOM SHALOM MD BACKGROUND Minor surgical procedures performed under local anesthesia are the most common surgical procedures routinely carried out in every plastic surgical practice. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of immediate local and systemic complications of such procedures. METHODS AND MATERIALS Records of 2,600 procedures performed under local anesthesia on 2,431 patients between November 2001 and May 2004 were reviewed. Local anesthetic complications and all surgical-related complications were recorded. RESULTS Procedure-related complications were 51 presyncope (1.9%), 4 true syncope (0.16%), 2 minor burns (0.08%), and 1 facial laceration (0.04%). CONCLUSIONS True allergic reaction to lidocaine is extremely rare and none was noted in our study. Most patients who claimed that they had suffered from such a reaction were probably experiencing symptoms related to intravenous injection administration, a reaction to the added vasoconstrictor (adrenaline), or a vasovagal reaction, which is a common trait among young adults. [source] Ergonomics in Office-Based Surgery: A Survey-Guided Observational StudyDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 11 2007ADAM C. ESSER MD BACKGROUND The practice of office-based surgery is increasing in many specialties. OBJECTIVE Using Mohs surgery as a model, we investigated the role of ergonomics in office-based surgery to limit work-related musculoskeletal disorders. METHODS All Mayo Clinic surgeons currently performing Mohs surgery and Mohs surgeons trained at Mayo Clinic between 1990 and 2004 received a questionnaire survey between May 2003 and September 2004. A sample of respondents were videotaped during surgery. The main outcome measures were survey responses and an ergonomist's identification of potential causes of musculoskeletal disorders. RESULTS All 17 surgeons surveyed responded. Those surveyed spend a mean of 24 hours per week in surgery. Sixteen said they had symptoms caused by or made worse by performing surgery. Symptom onset occurred on average at age 35.4 years. The most common complaints were pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, and lower back and headaches. Videotapes of 6 surgeons revealed problems with operating room setup, awkward posture, forceful exertion, poor positioning, lighting, and duration of procedures. CONCLUSION Symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries are common and may begin early in a physician's career. Modifying footwear, flooring, table height, operating position, lighting, and surgical instruments may improve the ergonomics of office-based surgery. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||