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Matter
Kinds of Matter Terms modified by Matter Selected AbstractsMAKING MUSEUMS MATTER: By Stephen E. Weil.CURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 3 2001Washington First page of article [source] WHAT'S THE MATTER WITH CUE-INDUCED CRAVING?ADDICTION, Issue 10 2010A COMMENTARY ON PERKINS No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE TROUBLE WITH DRINK AND DRUGS: WHY PROHIBITION AND CRIMINALIZATION MATTERADDICTION, Issue 5 2010HARRY G. LEVINE No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE OPTIMAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE FINANCING POLICY: DOES THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MATTER?ECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 3 2007NILOY BOSE This paper explores how the optimal mode of public finance depends on the level of economic development. The theoretical analysis suggests that in the presence of capital market imperfection and liquidity shocks, the detrimental effect of inflation on growth is stronger (weaker) at lower (higher) levels of economic development. Consequently, income taxation (seigniorage) is a relatively less distortionary way of financing public expenditure for low-income (high-income) countries. We provide empirical support for our model's predictions using a panel of 21 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries and 40 developing countries observed over the period 1972,1999. (JEL E44, E6, H6, O42) [source] DOES THE ECONOMY MATTER?ECONOMICS & POLITICS, Issue 2 2005AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSAL CHAIN CONNECTING THE ECONOMY AND THE VOTE IN GALICIA In this paper the causal chain connecting the economy and the vote in 2001 Galician regional elections is analyzed. Our findings demonstrate that economic voting is not just a matter of reactions to economic perceptions. It also depends to a great extent on two intermediate mechanisms: whether or not the incumbent is held responsible for economic outcomes and performance and voters' views of the relative economic management capabilities of opposition parties. [source] MATTER(S) OF INTEREST: ARTEFACTS, SPACING AND TIMINGGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2007Tim Schwanen ABSTRACT. This paper argues that time-geography can make a contribution to contemporary ,rematerialized' geographies, because the interconnections among social processes, human corporeality and inanimate material artefacts within the landscape were among Hägerstrand's central concerns. Time-geography needs none the less to be extended in several ways to make it more reconcilable with current thinking about materiality in geography. The possibility of combining Hägerstrand's framework with notions from (post) actor-network approaches is therefore explored. It is suggested that concepts and notions from the latter may contribute to the advancement of the conceptualization of action at a distance and agency in general in time-geography, as well as the incorporation of the immaterial realm into space,time diagrams. The resulting materially heterogeneous time-geography is a framework for studying the spacing and timing of different material entities that is sensitive to the role of artefacts and their local connectedness with other material forms. Some of its elements are illustrated briefly through an empirical study of the roles played by a few mundane artefacts in working parents ,coping with child-care responsibilities on working days. The case study suggest that these artefacts not only enable goal fulfilment and routinization but also result in further spacing and timing practices, and can introduce uncertainty and novelty to existing orders. [source] a MATTER of transFORMationJOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION, Issue 4 2005ANTHONY VISCARDI Gaston Bachelard contends that two types of imagination inform the creative process: a formal imagination and a material imagination. Formal causes stem from intuitive and associative image production, and lead to a process of conceptualization that provides the analytical tools to create an object. Material imagination is provoked solely and directly from our immediate confrontation and manipulation of matter. These images may be assigned category by the eye but only the hand truly reveals them. [source] RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIC MATTER, SULPHUR AND PHOSPHATE CONTENTS IN UPPER CRETACEOUS MARINE CARBONATES (KARABOGAZ FORMATION, SE TURKEY): IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY OIL GENERATIONJOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, Issue 4 2010S. Inan In this paper, we discuss the relationship between the organic matter, sulphur and phosphate contents of Upper Cretaceous marine carbonates (Karabogaz Formation) in the Adiyaman Petroleum Province of SE Turkey. The results of organic geochemical analyses of core samples obtained from the Karabogaz Formation suggest that phosphate deposition occurred in settings where the water column was oxic to sub-oxic. However, the preservation of organic matter was favoured in anoxic environments. Moreover, the presence of sulphur (especially sulphur incorporated into kerogen) in organic matter-rich layers led to early oil generation. The results of stepwise py-gc analyses are consistent with a model in which, with increasing maturity, S-S and C-S bonds are the first to be eliminated from the macromolecular kerogen structure. Study of the maturity evolution of S-rich kerogen by laboratory pyrolysis implies that marginally mature and/or mature kerogen in the Karabogaz Formation, which may be classified as classic "Type II" kerogen, was most probably Type II/S at lower maturity stages. This enabled oil generation to occur at relatively shallow burial depths and relatively early stages of maturation. It is reasonable to conclude that Type II/S kerogen, overlooked in previous studies, was abundant in TOC-rich intervals in the Karabogaz Formation. Early generation (and expulsion) from Type II/S kerogen may have sourced the sulphur-rich oils in the Adiyaman area oilfields. [source] THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE AS A GUIDE TO THE MATURATION AND TYPING OF ORGANIC MATTER IN THE NORTH SEAJOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, Issue 1 2003R. A. McTavish In early electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis of North Sea wells, maturation of organic matter (OM) was expressed in terms of maximum palaeotemperature (MPT) based on North American calibrations that did not consider the influences of kerogen composition or overpressure. In the North Sea, the MPTs were anomalous in overpressured sequences and relative to other indices of OM maturation such as vitrinite reflectance, so the ESR method was abandoned there in geochemical studies. However, early empirical study of North Sea ESR data indicated that, in relation to functions that linked temperature and pore pressure, some ESR parameters were predictable without reference to MPTs. In order to re-evaluate ESR parameters as indices of OM maturation, the physical factors (temperature and pressure) which affect OM maturation are related in the present paper to the ESR parameters "g" (spectral position) and Ng (spin density) at six well locations in the northern North Sea. A third ESR parameter, W (line width), is not an effective guide to maturation levels due to its complex relationship to the physical factors and kerogen types. However, cross-plots of W versus "g" and Ng appear to be as effective as pyrolysis for kerogen typing. Levels of maturation investigated in the North Sea wells range through the equivalent vitrinite reflectance values of about 0.50,1.50%. The values of "g" and Ng have been differentiated for kerogen type, but undifferentiated values of "g" have also been studied. Regression analysis has shown that there are linear relationships between the ESR parameters "g" and Ng, and the physical factors present-day temperature (To), "effective" temperature (Te), and differential pressure (Pd). Correlation coefficients for both "g" (undifferentiated and differentiated) and Ng (differentiated) relative to the physical factors are high; the highest values are for "g" and Ng relative to Te and Pd (r =,0.950 for "g" differentiated or undifferentiated, r = 0.944,0.976 for Ng differentiated, respectively). However, correlation coefficients were lower for "g" and Ng relative to To. More frequent high correlation coefficients and larger sample populations suggest that "g" (undifferentiated) is a more reliable index of OM maturation than Ng(differentiated). However, the estimation of levels of OM maturation is improved if both indices are used together. The ESR method appears to be effective both for estimating levels of OM maturation and for kerogen typing. It has a number of potential advantages over other geochemical methods: firstly, it is more sensitive for estimating OM maturation than most other methods; secondly, it can be used to analyze organic matter which is as old as Proterozoic; thirdly, it does not destroy the samples analyzed. [source] TRACE METAL UPTAKE, NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER, AND THE FREE-ION MODELJOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Robert J. M. Hudson First page of article [source] CONSIDERING THE SOURCE: DOES THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN OF FDI MATTER TO ECONOMIC GROWTH?,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2008Timothy C. Ford ABSTRACT It has long been surmised that firms controlled by different countries may have unequal effects on the host economies in which they locate. By looking at the seven major source countries of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the United States, we provide empirical evidence that the state growth effects of FDI differ by source country. We attribute these differential growth effects to the relative differences in factor endowments between the source country and the state. The implication of this result is that technology transfer, believed to be the engine of economic growth, becomes more costly the more dissimilar the endowments. [source] WHY SOCIAL PREFERENCES MATTER , THE IMPACT OF NON-SELFISH MOTIVES ON COMPETITION, COOPERATION AND INCENTIVESTHE ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 478 2002Ernst Fehr A substantial number of people exhibit social preferences, which means they are not solely motivated by material self-interest but also care positively or negatively for the material payoffs of relevant reference agents. We show empirically that economists fail to understand fundamental economic questions when they disregard social preferences, in particular, that without taking social preferences into account, it is not possible to understand adequately (i) effects of competition on market outcomes, (ii) laws governing cooperation and collective action, (iii) effects and the determinants of material incentives, (iv) which contracts and property rights arrangements are optimal, and (v) important forces shaping social norms and market failures. [source] SURGICAL MARGINS FOR SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA: SIZE DOES MATTERANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 3 2006Peter F. M. Choong No abstract is available for this article. [source] LEIBNIZ ON BODY, MATTER AND EXTENSIONARISTOTELIAN SOCIETY SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME, Issue 1 2004Daniel Garber This paper explores Leibniz's conception of body and extension in the 1680s and 1690s. It is argued that one of Leibniz's central aims is to undermine the Cartesian conception of extended substance, and replace it with a conception on which what is basic to body is force. In this way, Leibniz intends to reduce extension to something metaphysically more basic in just the way that the mechanists reduce sensible qualities to size, shape and motion. It is also argued that this move is quite distinct from the reduction of body to monads and their appetitions and perceptions, so prominent in his later writings. [source] INVOLVEMENT OF N -METHYL- d -ASPARTATE RECEPTORS and NITRIC OXIDE IN THE ROSTRAL VENTROMEDIAL MEDULLA IN MODULATING MORPHINE PAIN-INHIBITORY SIGNALS FROM THE PERIAQUEDUCTAL GREY MATTER IN RATSCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 7 2005Kazem Javanmardi SUMMARY 1.,Supraspinal opioid antinociception is mediated, in part, by connections between the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Morphine antinociception from the PAG is decreased by serotonin, N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) and opioid receptor antagonists administered into the RVM. Because the brain isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is also prominent in the RVM, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of microinjection of the non-selective NOS inhibitor NG -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (l -NAME) and the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 into the RVM on PAG morphine antinociception and their potential interactions, as measured by the tail-flick test. 2.,Rats were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and then special cannulas were inserted stereotaxically into the RVM and PAG. After 1 week recovery, the effects of microinjection of MK-801 and l -NAME into the RVM and their interactions in altering PAG morphine (2.5 µg) antinociception elicited from the PAG were assessed. 3.,Mesencephalic morphine antinociception was significantly reduced after pretreatment with l -NAME (0.6,1.3 µmol) or MK-801 (0.8 nmol). The reduction in mesencephalic morphine antinociception when MK-801 (0.8 nmol) and l -NAME (1 µmol) were microinjected sequentially into the RVM was not significantly different from the effects of MK-801 (0.8 nmol) or l -NAME (1 µmol) administered alone. 4.,These data imply that NMDA receptors and nitric oxide production in the RVM modulate the transmission of opioid pain-inhibitory signals from the PAG. [source] QUALITY MATTERS: FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATIVE RESEARCHCRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 3 2006PETER R. JONES First page of article [source] [Commentary] WHEN THE OBJECT IS TO GET DRUNK, PRE-DRINKING MATTERSADDICTION, Issue 1 2009SAMANTHA WELLS No abstract is available for this article. [source] TIME MATTERS IN TEAM PERFORMANCE: EFFECTS OF MEMBER FAMILIARITY, ENTRAINMENT, AND TASK DISCONTINUITY ON SPEED AND QUALITYPERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2003DAVID A. HARRISON We compared the speed and quality of performance for familiar, initially unfamiliar but continuing, and one-shot (single session) teams. We also proposed and observed entrainment effects for task time limits. Over the course of weekly sessions with changing tasks, continuing teams reached speed levels of the initially familiar teams, but the one-shot teams were consistently slower. Continuing teams also tended to have higher-quality output than the one-shot teams. There were no differences in how quickly each type of group entrained to time limits on the tasks. Entrainment was not robust to task discontinuity (Task A, then B). However, entrainment on repeated trials of a task persisted even when a different type of task "interrupted" those repeated trials (Task A, then B, then A again). Results compel a richer incorporation of time as a medium for complex task sequences, and time-based constructs as a feature of team membership in the study of group effectiveness. [source] TIME FOR EU MATTERS: THE EUROPEANIZATION OF DUTCH CENTRAL GOVERNMENTPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 1 2010ELLEN MASTENBROEK To what extent does the European Union (EU) affect national governments? This article seeks to answer this question by assessing the Europeanization of Dutch central government. Using data from a large-scale survey among civil servants, we assess to what extent the EU affects the structure and culture of governmental organizations, as well as the activities of individual civil servants. On the basis of this analysis, we conclude that the impact of the EU both on individual civil servants and on organizations in Dutch central government is two-sided: a small core of civil servants and organizations are deeply involved in EU-related activities and this exists alongside a much broader base of civil servants and organizations that are less affected by the EU. These differences appear more clearly on the level of daily working practices than on the level of formal organizational structures. Nevertheless, the impact of European integration on government organizations remains limited to particular organizations and particular civil servants within central government. [source] CHILD LABOR AND SCHOOL ENROLLMENT IN RURAL INDIA: WHOSE EDUCATION MATTERS?THE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, Issue 4 2006Takashi KUROSAKI J22; I21; I31; O15 This paper empirically analyzes the determinants of child labor and school enrollment in rural Andhra Pradesh, India. A village fixed-effect logit model for each child is estimated with the incidence of child labor or school enrollment as the dependent variable, in order to investigate individual and household characteristics associated with the incidence. Among the determinants, this paper focuses on whose education matters most in deciding the status of each child, an issue not previously investigated in the context of the joint family system. The regression results show that the education of the child's mother is more important in reducing child labor and in increasing school enrollment than that of the child's father, the household head, or the spouse of the head. The effect of the child's mother is similar on boys and girls while that of the child's father is more favorable on boys. [source] Survey of Theoretical Work for the Proposed HEDgeHOB Experimental Schemes: HIHEX and LAPLASCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 4-5 2007N. A. Tahir Abstract This paper presents a review of the theoretical work that has resulted in a scientific proposal on studies of High-Energy-Density (HED) states in matter using intense beams of energetic heavy ions that will be available at the future Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research (FAIR) at Darmstadt [W.F. Henning, Nucl. Inst. Meth B 24 (2003) 725-729]. The proposal is named HEDgeHOB that stands for High Energy Density Matter Generated by Heavy Ion Beams. Two experimental schemes have been worked out for the HEDgeHOB experimental proposal, namely, HIHEX and LAPLAS. The first scheme allows for studies of HED states by isochoric and uniform heating of matter by an intense heavy ion beam that is followed by isentropic expansion of the heated material. Numerical simulations have shown that using the beam parameters that will be available at the FAIR, one can access all the interesting physical states of HED matter including an expanded hot liquid state, twophase liquid-gas region, critical point parameters and strongly coupled plasmas for all the materials of interest. The second scheme involves a low-entropy compression of a test material like hydrogen that is enclosed in a cylindrical shell of a high-Z material like gold or lead. The target can be driven by a hollow or a circular beam. This compression scheme relies on multiple shock reflection between the hydrogen-gold (lead) boundary and the cylinder axis. The hydrodynamic stability of the LAPLAS target has also been analyzed that shows that the implosion is completely stable to Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities. LAPLAS implosion using a hollow beam is suitable for studying the problem of hydrogen metallization whereas the one employing a circular focal spot leads to physical conditions that are expected to exist in the interiors of the giant planets. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] The Distribution of Subsidized Agricultural Credit in Brazil: Do Interest Groups Matter?DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2001Steven M. Helfand This article examines the unequal distribution of credit and credit subsidies in the Brazilian agricultural sector from 1969 to 1990. Total credit subsidies exceeded US$ 40 billion in this period. The distribution across crops is studied econometrically. After controlling for area, the crops that benefited most had superior access to credit institutions, were tradeable, had high prices, and were not perennials. Proxies for collective action by crop were an unimportant determinant of credit policy, while a bias in favour of large producers was evident. Alternative explanations for this bias are discussed, including collective action by farm size and transaction costs in lending. [source] Private Provision of Infrastructure in Emerging Markets: Do Institutions Matter?DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 2 2006Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee Governments in developing countries have encouraged private sector investment to meet the growing demand for infrastructure. According to institutional theory, the role of institutions is paramount in private sector development. A longitudinal dataset of 40 developing economies between 1990 and 2000 is used to test empirically how different institutional structures affect private investment in infrastructure, in particular its volume and frequency. The results indicate that property rights and bureaucratic quality play a significant role in promoting private infrastructure investment. Interestingly, they also suggest that countries with higher levels of corruption attract greater private participation in infrastructure. [source] Why Do Mortgage Markets Matter?ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, Issue 4 2000Geoffrey Meen 1999 saw the return of large scale mortgage equity - ie mortgage borrowing to finance consumption rather than house purchase - for the first time for a decade. Recent developments of the OEF macroeconometric model of the UK economy have focused on the determination of mortgage lending, looking in particular at the impact of downpayment constraints - ie the deposit borrowers have to put down when they buy a house. In this article, Geoffrey Meen uses this model to analyse the effects of mortgages on: (i) the cycle in the UK housing market at a national level; (ii) regional house price differentials; and (iii) aggregate savings and consumer behaviour. [source] Do Peer Groups Matter?ECONOMICA, Issue 277 2003Peer Group versus Schooling Effects on Academic Attainment This paper estimates an educational production function. Educational attainment is a function of peer group, parental input and schooling. Conventional measures of school quality are not good predictors for academic attainment, once we control for peer group effects; parental qualities also have strong effects on academic attainment. This academic attainment is a then a key determinant of subsequent labour market success, as measured by earnings. The main methodological innovation in this paper is the nomination of a set of instruments, very broad regions of birth, which, as a whole, pass close scrutiny for validity and permit unbiased estimation of the production function. [source] Macroeconomics and Politics Revisited: Do central banks Matter?ECONOMICS & POLITICS, Issue 1 2000M. Lossani This paper provides a model encompassing both partisan influences on monetary policy and the issue of central bank independence. In a regime of partial independence, central bank's policy responses are not immune from partisan influences. Still, the latter fail to affect systematically the expected output level in election years. The predictions of the model are consistent with the empirical literature on partisan cycles and account for some of its controversial findings. [source] Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic(III) in the Presence of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) by Adsorptive Square-Wave Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (Ad-SWCSV)ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 4 2008Tsanangurayi Tongesayi Abstract This study has demonstrated that As(III) can be electrochemically detected and quantified in the presence of fulvic acid (FA) and dissolved organic matter (DOM). This eliminates the need to remove DOM prior to measurement of As(III) in environmental samples. Apart from reducing analysis time and the cost of the analysis, this could be potentially useful for the development of electrochemical methods for the detection and measurement of As(III) onsite. Both synthetic samples in which FA was added and a real sample with 22.16,mg/L total organic carbon (TOC) were analyzed. [source] Knightly Complements: The Malcontent and the Matter of WitENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Issue 2 2010Ian Munro This essay uses John Marston's play The Malcontent to explore the social understanding and cultural practice of wit in the early modern period. Through the interactions between its various versions, The Malcontent charts the linguistic, stylistic, and cultural boundaries of early modern wit as both intrinsic class marker and promiscuous commodity. This duality of wit helps the play negotiate the complexities of its own theatrical genealogy that not only inform the larger context of wit in the period, but also inflect, in significant ways, the play's modern reception. (I.M.) [source] Does Entrepreneurship Capital Matter?ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, Issue 5 2004David B. Audretsch Economics has identified three types of capital as the drivers of economic growth,physical capital, human capital, and knowledge capital. This article introduces the concept of entrepreneurship capital and suggests that it is also an important factor shaping the economic performance of an economy. We define entrepreneurship capital as those factors influencing and shaping an economy's milieu of agents in such a way as to be conducive to the creation of new firms. The hypothesis that entrepreneurship capital is positively linked to economic growth is then tested by examining the relationship between several different measures of entrepreneurship capital and regional economic performance, measured as per-capita income for Germany. The empirical evidence suggests that there is indeed a positive link between entrepreneurship capital and regional economic performance. These results suggest a new direction for public policy that focuses on instruments to enhance entrepreneurship capital. [source] Oviposition Preferences in Newts: Does Temperature Matter?ETHOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Jan Dvo A female's decision where and when to place her eggs has important fitness consequences for her offspring. Although temperature is considered among the most relevant abiotic factors affecting female oviposition site choice in ectotherms, little is known about the relative importance of temperature cues in complex oviposition decisions. In this study, we examined female's oviposition choice under conflicting demands for temperature and embryo protection by studying oviposition behaviour in female alpine newts, Triturus alpestris, exposed to various thermal conditions and the availability of egg-wrapping vegetation. Females oviposited between 12.5 and 22.5°C in the aquatic thermal gradient (5,32.5°C) with the unrestricted availability of oviposition vegetation. The removal of the vegetation from predominantly chosen oviposition temperatures (15,20°C) induced egg-retention in most females. This suggests that both temperature and the presence of egg-wrapping vegetation play important roles in oviposition site choice of alpine newts. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||