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Material Science (material + science)
Selected AbstractsPoster Session 2: Material ScienceJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue S1 2008Article first published online: 18 FEB 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Poster Session 1 , Material ScienceJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue S1 2004Article first published online: 18 FEB 2010 First page of article [source] Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry in Drug Discovery, Bioorganic Chemistry, and Material Science.CHEMMEDCHEM, Issue 6 2010Edited by Benjamin Wiley, Hoboken 2010. X+265,pp., hardcover $,79.95.,ISBN,978-0-470-09603-1 [source] Applications of Free-Electron Lasers in the Biological and Material Sciences,PHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2005G. S. Edwards ABSTRACT Free-Electron Lasers (FELs) collectively operate from the terahertz through the ultraviolet range and via intracavity Compton backscattering into the X-ray and gamma-ray regimes. FELs are continuously tunable and can provide optical powers, pulse structures and polarizations that are not matched by conventional lasers. Representative research in the biological and biomedical sciences and condensed matter and material research are described to illustrate the breadth and impact of FEL applications. These include terahertz dynamics in materials far from equilibrium, infrared nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy to investigate dynamical processes in condensed-phase systems, infrared resonant-enhanced multiphoton ionization for gas-phase spectroscopy and spectrometry, infrared matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization and infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation for analysis and processing of organic materials, human neurosurgery and ophthalmic surgery using a medical infrared FEL and ultraviolet photoemission electron microscopy for nanoscale characterization of materials and nanoscale phenomena. The ongoing development of ultraviolet and X-ray FELs are discussed in terms of future opportunities for applications research. [source] Molecular Modeling Techniques in Material Sciences.CHEMPHYSCHEM, Issue 9 2006Amitesh Maiti., By Jörg-Rüdiger Hill, Lalitha Subramanian No abstract is available for this article. [source] Photonic Crystals in BioassaysADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 18 2010Yuanjin Zhao Abstract Photonic crystal (PC) based bioassay techniques have many advantages in sensitive biomolecular screening, label-free detection, real-time monitoring of enzyme activity, cell morphology research, and so on. This study provides an overall survey of the basic concepts and up-to-date research concerning the very promising use of PC materials for bioassays. It includes the design and application of PC films, PC microcarriers, PC fibers, and PC optofluidics for fluorescence enhancement or label-free bioassays. Emphasis is given to the description of the functional structures of different PC materials and their respective sensing mechanisms. Examples of detecting various types of analytes are presented. This article promotes communication among chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacy, and material science. [source] Nanoparticles as tools to study and control stem cellsJOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2009L. Ferreira Abstract The use of nanoparticles in stem cell research is relatively recent, although very significant in the last 5 years with the publication of about 400 papers. The recent advances in the preparation of some nanomaterials, growing awareness of material science and tissue engineering researchers regarding the potential of stem cells for regenerative medicine, and advances in stem cell biology have contributed towards the boost of this research field in the last few years. Most of the research has been focused in the development of new nanoparticles for stem cell imaging; however, these nanoparticles have several potential applications such as intracellular drug carriers to control stem cell differentiation and biosensors to monitor in real time the intracellular levels of relevant biomolecules/enzymes. This review examines recent advances in the use of nanoparticles for stem cell tracking, differentiation and biosensing. We further discuss their utility and the potential concerns regarding their cytotoxicity. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 746,752, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] On the efficient evaluation of Fourier patterns for nanoparticles and clustersJOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Issue 9 2006Antonio Cervellino Abstract Samples made of an isotropically oriented ensemble of atomic clusters or structures that are not large crystals (i.e. extended less than 10 periods in each direction) are at the frontier of today's material science and chemistry. Examples are nanoparticles, nanotubes, amorphous matter, polymers, and macromolecules in suspension. For such systems the computation of powder diffraction patterns (which may provide an efficient characterization) is to be performed the hard way, by summing contributions from each atom pair. This work deals with performing such computation in the most practical and efficient way. Three main points are developed: how to encode the enormous array of interatomic distances (which increase as the square or higher powers of the cluster diameter) to a much smaller array of equispaced values on a coarse grid (whose size increases linearly with the diameter); how to perform a fast computation of the diffraction pattern from this equispaced grid; how to optimize the grid step to obtain an arbitrarily small error on the computed diffraction pattern. Theory and examples are jointly developed and presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 995,1008, 2006 [source] Innovation in material science: The chameleon block copolymerJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 21 2006Judit E. Puskas This note to the editor is the first journal publication of the chameleon thermoplastic elastomer with entropy-driven phase separation. We have discovered that block copolymers with a high-molecular-weight, dendritic (arborescent) polyisobutylene core and poly(para -methylstyrene) end blocks can manifest themselves either as rubber or as plastic, depending on their environment. The behavior is thermally irreversible. This material represents a new concept in material science: the entropy-driven thermoplastic elastomer. [source] Raman spectroscopy and related techniques: state of the art and future directions in Italy,JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 2 2008Giuseppe Compagnini Abstract The 20th Italian Conference on Raman Spectroscopy and non-linear effects was held in Catania in June 2007. I had the pleasure to chair the Conference in which scientists from different countries shared their research activities, started new collaborations and straightened the existing ones. For the first time in the GNSR history, the contributors were invited to present papers suitable to be collected in a Special Issue of a peer-reviewed journal and the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy has been chosen for its long tradition on Raman spectroscopy and related fields. This Special Issue is dedicated to the memory of Giorgio Mattei who recently passed away. It includes 28 contributions reporting results and new ideas on material science, biochemistry, astrophysics and science of cultural heritage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy at LNLS: investigation on strongly correlated metal oxidesJOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 1 2010Júlio C. Cezar An energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy beamline mainly dedicated to X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and material science under extreme conditions has been implemented in a bending-magnet port at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory. Here the beamline technical characteristics are described, including the most important aspects of the mechanics, optical elements and detection set-up. The beamline performance is then illustrated through two case studies on strongly correlated transition metal oxides: an XMCD insight into the modifications of the magnetic properties of Cr-doped manganites and the structural deformation in nickel perovskites under high applied pressure. [source] Probing interactions by means of pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue S1 2008Sara Cozzolino Abstract Molecular self-diffusion coefficients (D) of species in solution are related to size and shape and can be used for studying association phenomena. Pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) spectroscopy has been revealed to be a powerful analytical tool for D measurement in different research fields. The present work briefly illustrates the use of PFG-NMR for assessing the existence of interactions in very different chemical systems: organic and organometallic compounds, colloidal materials and biological aggregates. The application of PFG-NMR is remarkable for understanding the role of anions in homogenous transition metal catalysis and for assessing the aggregation behaviour of biopolymers in material science. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The impact of the concept of "Living Polymers" on material science,POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 9 2007M. Levy Abstract The concept of "Living Polymers" was first introduced in a short communication by M. Szwarc, M. Levy, and R. Milkovich in 1956 and is now widely used in the polymer literature. It led to the synthesis of monodisperse polymers, telechelic polymers, and block copolymers. Living polymerization has evolved in the last 50 years and new methods were developed for various other types of anionic, cationic, ring-opening, and free radical polymerizations. The field has expanded tremendously and the term "controlled/living" polymerization is commonly used to cover all the methods. A few of the interesting developments in the area are described in this paper. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Synthesis and thermal degradation kinetics of cellulose estersPOLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 7 2003M. Sairam Abstract Polymers that are biodegradable currently achieve high interest in material science since they offer reductions of landfill space during waste management as well as new end-user benefits in various fields of applications. In this work, cellulose esters such as cellulose benzoate, cellulose succinate and cellulose cinnamate were prepared using dimethylaminopyridine along with dimethylaminopyridine-p-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst. Films of cellulose esters were cast from solution. Cellulose esters were characterized by spectral methods such as infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal method such as thermogravimetric analysis. Various methods of kinetic analysis were compared in the case of thermal degradation of the cellulose and cellulose esters. Copyright© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Catalysis in polymeric membrane reactors: the membrane roleASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 1 2010M.G. Buonomenna Abstract Polymeric catalytic membrane reactors (PCMRs) combine a polymeric membrane that controls transfers and a catalyst that provides conversion. This review focuses on the polymeric membrane. Depending on the application, the micro-environment of the catalyst in the PCMR may be quite different from that existing in conventional reactors. This could originate different performances of the catalyst properties compared to its use without membrane. In some cases, catalysts for use in PCMR might require a specific design. In particular, the study of PCMR is a multidisciplinary activity, including material science, chemistry, and chemical engineering. Membrane based reactive separation processes, which combine two distinct functions, i.e. reaction and separation, have been around as a concept since the early stages of the membrane field itself, but have only attracted substantial technical interest during the last decade or so. Liquid phase catalytic oxidations are involved in numerous industrial processes ranging from fine to bulk chemical synthesis. PCMR polymeric membranes may also play a significant role in this field. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Target Costing für Werkstoffe , Potenziale und MethodikMATERIALWISSENSCHAFT UND WERKSTOFFTECHNIK, Issue 7 2009U. Götze Target Costing; Materials; Cost Management Abstract Das Target Costing , in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre ein Standardinstrument des Kostenmanagement , findet in der wirtschaftlich orientierten Literatur zu den Werkstoffwissenschaften bisher kaum Erwähnung. Dabei bestehen auch für die Entwickler, Hersteller oder Verwender von Werkstoffen große Potentiale im Hinblick auf die Sicherung bzw. Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit. Daran setzt der vorliegende Beitrag an. In diesem werden zunächst diese Potentiale eines werkstoffbezogenen Target Costing herausgearbeitet. Dann wird aufgezeigt, wie die allgemeine Methodik des Target Costing aus der Sicht von Werkstoffverwendern einerseits und Werkstoffentwicklern/-herstellern andererseits zu modifizieren ist, um den Besonderheiten von Werkstoffen gerecht zu werden. Target Costing for Materials , Potentialities and Methodology Target Costing is a standard instrument of cost management in business administration, but hardly mentioned in the economic oriented literature on material sciences. Nevertheless there are high potentialities for developers, producers, or users of materials regarding the improvement of efficiency. Therefore, this article will present these potentialities of a material oriented Target Costing. Besides, the general methodology of Target Costing will be modified to meet the specifics of materials from the perspectives of users of materials on the one hand and developers respectively producers of materials on the other. [source] Imaging and analysis of 3-D structure using a dual beam FIBMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 3 2007D. McGrouther Abstract The application of focused ion beam instrumentation in the generation of three-dimensional microstructural data is described. The methodologies used to acquire and manipulate this data are explained, and the technique is illustrated by a number of examples from the material sciences. The limitations of this method, and practical pointers to the generation of meaningful data, are also discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Aerodynamically assisted jetting and threading for processing concentrated suspensions containing advanced structural, functional and biological materialsBIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009Sumathy Arumuganathar Abstract In recent years material sciences have been interpreted right across the physical and the life sciences. Essentially this discipline broadly addresses the materials, processing, and/or fabrication right up to the structure. The materials and structures areas can range from the micro- to the nanometre scale and, in a materials sense, span from the structural, functional to the most complex, namely biological (living cells). It is generally recognised that the processing or fabrication is fundamental in bridging the materials with their structures. In a global perspective, processing has not only contributed to the materials sciences but its very nature has bridged the physical with the life sciences. In this review we discuss one such swiftly emerging fabrication approach having a plethora of applications spanning the physical and life sciences. [source] Nanobiotechnology: From Molecules to SystemsENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2004H. Klefenz Abstract Nanobiotechnology is a key enabling multidisciplinary field for medical, technological and biological research and development, medicine, pharmaceutical development, and analytical sciences. Its foundation is the selective integration of a multitude of endeavours, such as biotechnology, chemical and physical nanotechnology, materials sciences, chemistry, engineering, electronics and optronics targeting the construction of micro- and nano-arrays for analyzing complex mixtures of DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites as well as the design of ultra-sequencing devices, microbial fuel cells, implantates, molecular motors, artificial organs, and nanorobots. The developments in nanobiotechnology benefit from and contribute to the scientific advances in the chemical and physical nanotechnologies, in particular with respect to materials, composites, nanostructuring techniques, carbon nanotubes, and nanoelectronics. [source] The tenth anniversary of Suzuki polycondensation (SPC)JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 10 2001A. D. Schlüter Abstract This article describes the successful transfer of the Suzuki cross-coupling (SCC) reaction to polymer synthesis, one of the major developments within the last decade of polymer synthesis. The polymers prepared by Suzuki polycondensation (SPC) and its Ni-catalyzed reductive counterpart are soluble and processable poly(arylene)s that, because of their rigid and conjugated backbones, are of interest for the materials sciences. Achievable molar masses easily compete with those of traditional polyesters and polyamides. This article also provides insight into some synthetic problems associated with the transfer of SCC from low molar mass organic chemistry to high molar mass polymer chemistry by addressing issues such as monomer purity, stoichiometric balance, achievable molar masses, and defects in the polymer structure. Although the emphasis of this article is synthetic and structural issues, some potential applications of the polyarylenes obtained are briefly mentioned. Together with the enormous developments in the areas of metallocene, ring-opening metathesis, and acyclic diene metathesis polymerization, the success of SPC impressingly underlines the increasing importance of transition-metal-catalyzed CC-bond-forming reactions in polymer synthesis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1533,1556, 2001 [source] Beamline 10.3.2 at ALS: a hard X-ray microprobe for environmental and materials sciencesJOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 3 2004Matthew A. Marcus Beamline 10.3.2 at the ALS is a bend-magnet line designed mostly for work on environmental problems involving heavy-metal speciation and location. It offers a unique combination of X-ray fluorescence mapping, X-ray microspectroscopy and micro-X-ray diffraction. The optics allow the user to trade spot size for flux in a size range of 5,17,µm in an energy range of 3,17,keV. The focusing uses a Kirkpatrick,Baez mirror pair to image a variable-size virtual source onto the sample. Thus, the user can reduce the effective size of the source, thereby reducing the spot size on the sample, at the cost of flux. This decoupling from the actual source also allows for some independence from source motion. The X-ray fluorescence mapping is performed with a continuously scanning stage which avoids the time overhead incurred by step-and-repeat mapping schemes. The special features of this beamline are described, and some scientific results shown. [source] Aerodynamically assisted jetting and threading for processing concentrated suspensions containing advanced structural, functional and biological materialsBIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009Sumathy Arumuganathar Abstract In recent years material sciences have been interpreted right across the physical and the life sciences. Essentially this discipline broadly addresses the materials, processing, and/or fabrication right up to the structure. The materials and structures areas can range from the micro- to the nanometre scale and, in a materials sense, span from the structural, functional to the most complex, namely biological (living cells). It is generally recognised that the processing or fabrication is fundamental in bridging the materials with their structures. In a global perspective, processing has not only contributed to the materials sciences but its very nature has bridged the physical with the life sciences. In this review we discuss one such swiftly emerging fabrication approach having a plethora of applications spanning the physical and life sciences. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||