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Masticatory System (masticatory + system)
Selected AbstractsPrevalence of cervical spinal pain in craniomandibular pain patientsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2001Corine M. Visscher It has often been suggested that patients with a craniomandibular disorder (CMD) more often suffer from a cervical spine disorder (CSD) than persons without a CMD. However, in most studies no controlled, blind design was used, and conclusions were based on differing signs and symptoms. In this study, the recognition of CMD and CSD was based upon the presence of pain. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cervical spinal pain in persons with or without craniomandibular pain, using a controlled, single-blind design. From 250 persons, a standardised oral history was taken, and a physical examination of the masticatory system and the neck was performed. Three classification models were used: one based on symptoms only; a second on signs only; and a third one based on a combination of symptoms and signs. The CMD patients were also subdivided in three subgroups: patients with mainly myogenous pain; mainly arthrogenous pain; and both myogenous and arthrogenous pain. Craniomandibular pain patients more often showed cervical spinal pain than persons without craniomandibular pain, independent of the classification model used. No difference in the prevalence of cervical spinal pain was found between the three subgroups of craniomandibular pain patients. [source] Influence of neck rotation and neck lateroflexion on mandibular equilibriumJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 5 2010H. J. SCHINDLER Summary, Neuromuscular interaction between neck and jaw muscles has been reported in several studies. However, the influence of experimentally modified posture of the neck on jaw muscle activity during isometric biting was not investigated so far. The aim of the present study was to test by the aid of simultaneous electromyographic and intraoral bite force measurements whether neck rotation and lateroflexion, in contrast to a straightforward neck position, change the isometric cocontraction patterns of masticatory muscles under identical submaximum bite forces of 50,200 N. Electric muscle activity of all masticatory muscles and changes of the reduction point (RP) of the resultant bite force vectors were examined. An anteroposterior displacement of the RPs could be observed for the rotated and lateroflexed neck position in comparison with the straightforward position. On the other hand, the results revealed no significant differences between bilateral muscle activation under the different test conditions. These findings suggest a force transmission between the neck and the masticatory system, but no essential activity changes in the masticatory muscles under short time posture modification of the neck. [source] Calibration of T-Scan® sensors for recording bite forces in denture patientsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 9 2009G. S. THROCKMORTON Summary, Although measurement of maximum voluntary biting force is an important indicator of health of the masticatory system, few commercially available transducers have been validated for routine clinical use. The T-Scan III® system records distribution of relative forces around the tooth row during clenching, but not absolute forces. This study assesses the reliability of T-Scan® sensors with and without protection materials and develops calibration curves that allow measurement of absolute forces with the T-Scan III®. [source] Functional status of masticatory system, executive function and episodic memory in older personsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 5 2008E. SCHERDER Summary, Findings from human experimental studies suggest that mastication positively influences cognitive function. The participants in those studies were relatively young. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between the functional status of the masticatory system, episodic memory, and executive functions in elderly people. The participants, elderly people living independently at home, were divided into two groups. One group had a full complement of natural teeth (n = 19) and the other group had full dentures (n = 19). The functional status of the masticatory system was assessed by measuring mandibular excursions (i.e. the distances over which the mandible can move in the open, lateral, and forward directions), bite force, number of occluding pairs and complaints of the masticatory system (facial pain, headaches/migraine). Executive functions and episodic memory were assessed by neuropsychological tests. Backward regression analysis showed that only in the group of elderly people with full dentures, 22% of executive functions were predicted by complaints of the masticatory system and 19·4% of episodic memory was predicted by masticatory performance (composed of mandibular excursions and bite force). The conclusion of this study is that only in older persons with full dentures the relationship between mastication, episodic memory, and executive function becomes evident when the functional status of the masticatory system decreases. [source] Masticatory problems after balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia: a longitudinal study1JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 2 2007S. R. D. T. DE SIQUEIRA summary, Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN) is a chronic neuropathic pain that affects the masticatory system. The objective of this study was to identify orofacial pain and temporomandibular characteristics, including temporomandibular disorder (TMD), in a sample of 105 ITN patients treated with compression of the trigeminal ganglion. The evaluations occurred before, 7, 30 (1 month), 120 (3 months) and 210 days (7 months) after surgery. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), the Clinical Questionnaire (EDOF-HC) and Helkimo Indexes were used. Findings before neurosurgery were used as control for parameters. McNemar test and variance analysis for repetitive measurements were used for statistical analysis; 45·3% of the edentulous patients presented severe dental occlusion index; numbness was an important masticatory complaint in 42·6%; mastication became bilateral, but its discomfort continued during all period; headache and body pain reduced after surgery; TMD, present in 43·8% before surgery, increased but normalized after 7 months; jaw mobility compromise was still present, but daily activities improved after 7 months. We concluded that: (i) ITN relief reduced headache, body pain, depression and unspecific symptoms; and (ii) TMD before surgery and at 7 months suggests that this may be a contributory factor to patients' pain complaints. [source] The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in patients with psoriasis with or without psoriatic arthritisJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2005E. DERVIS summary, Psoriasis is a chronic, genetic, non-contagious skin disorder that appears in many different forms and can affect any part of the body, including the nails and scalp. It may affect the quality of life by causing psychosocial stress. Psoriatic arthritis (PA) is considered to be a spondyloarthropathy, and has spinal and peripheral joint involvement associated with psoriasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients with psoriasis without PA and in patients with PA and compare with a healthy group. Signs and symptoms of TMD were evaluated by means of Helkimo's Anamnestic (Ai) and Dysfunction indices (Di). In the present study, patients with psoriasis without arthritis did not report TMD signs and symptoms significantly more often than healthy subjects. A statistically significant increase was found in patients with PA when compared with psoriasis patients without arthritis and healthy patients in Di. In patients with PA, muscle tenderness on palpation, temporomandibular joint sounds and stiffness/tiredness in jaws in the morning were the most frequent findings. It is concluded that the signs and symptoms of TMD in PA is caused mainly by related joint involvement that directly affects the masticatory system. [source] The influence of hot pack therapy on the blood flow in masseter musclesJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 7 2005K. OKADA summary The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hot pack therapy can change the blood flow of human masseter muscles. Thirty-two healthy subjects with no history of muscle pain in the masticatory system participated and were divided into two groups. One group underwent proper hot pack therapy (hot pack group) and the other underwent sham hot pack therapy (control group). Continuous and non-invasive measurements of haemoglobin volumes and oxygen saturation levels (StO2) were determined with a near-infrared spectroscope. The blood flow parameters were total haemoglobin volume (THb), oxygenated haemoglobin volume (OXHb), deoxygenated haemoglobin volume (deOXHb) and oxygen saturation level (StO2). In hot pack group, results showed that the THb, OXHb and StO2 after the hot pack application were significantly larger than those before the hot pack. In control group, the THb, OXHb, deOXHb, StO2 and heart rates showed no significant differences between the values before and after the sham hot pack application. The THb, OXHb and StO2 after the hot pack application in hot pack group were significantly larger than those in control group, while the deOXHb after the hot pack was significantly smaller than that in control group. The heart rates showed no significant differences between the groups. The results suggest that hot pack therapy can increase regional blood flow of human masseter muscles and creates an advantageous condition for aerobic energy metabolism in the muscles. [source] Is there a relationship between head posture and craniomandibular pain?JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2002C. M. Visscher SUMMARY, An often-suggested factor in the aetiology of craniomandibular disorders (CMD) is an anteroposition of the head. However, the results of clinical studies to the relationship between CMD and head posture are contradictory. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to determine differences in head posture between well-defined CMD pain patients with or without a painful cervical spine disorder and healthy controls. The second aim was to determine differences in head posture between myogenous and arthrogenous CMD pain patients and controls. Two hundred and fifty persons entered the study. From each person, a standardized oral history was taken and blind physical examinations of the masticatory system and of the neck were performed. The participants were only included into one of the subgroups when the presence or absence of their symptoms was confirmed by the results of the physical examination. Head posture was quantified using lateral photographs and a lateral radiograph of the head and the cervical spine. After correction for age and gender effects, no difference in head posture was found between any of the patient and non-patient groups (P > 0·27). Therefore, this study does not support the suggestion that painful craniomandibular disorders, with or without a painful cervical spine disorder, are related to head posture. [source] Craniodental mechanics and diet in Asian colobines: Morphological evidence of mature seed predation and sclerocarpyAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Daisuke B. Koyabu Abstract Folivory has been accepted as the general dietary pattern for colobines. However, recent ecological studies have revealed that extensive seed eating is found in some colobine species. The ripeness of foraged seeds is also reported to differ between seed eaters. As seeds are generally stress-limited and may pose greater mechanical demands, seed-eating species are predicted to exhibit morphological features adaptive for seed predation. In addition, species that feeds on seeds from unripe fruits with hard pericarp is predicted to exhibit increased leverage for anterior dentition. To test these hypotheses, we compared the craniodental morphology of seed-eating Asian colobines (Presbytis rubicunda and Trachypithecus phayrei) with those of species that rarely exploit seeds (Presbytis comata, Trachypithecus obscurus, and Semnopithecus vetulus). The results show that the seed-eating colobines possess a masticatory system with enhanced leverage at postcanine bite points. The sclerocarpic forager P. rubicunda also exhibits markedly greater masticatory leverage at anterior dental bite points, while the mature-seed-eating T. phayrei shows no such advantage for canine and incisor use. These observations suggest that P. rubicunda is well adapted to husking the resistant pericarps of unripe fruits, using the anterior dentition and to gain access to the immature seeds, whereas such sclerocarpic feeding behavior may be less important for T. phayrei. Our findings indicate that the distinctive craniodental variations of colobines may be linked to mature and/or immature seed eating and suggest the significance of seed predation for the evolution of colobine monkeys. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Jaw Mechanics in Basal Ceratopsia (Ornithischia, Dinosauria)THE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 9 2009Kyo Tanoue Abstract Ceratopsian dinosaurs were a dominant group of herbivores in Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems. We hypothesize that an understanding of the feeding system will provide important insight into the evolutionary success of these animals. The mandibular mechanics of eight genera of basal ceratopsians was examined to understand the variability in shape of the jaws and the early evolution of the masticatory system in Ceratopsia. Data were collected on lever arms, cranial angles and tooth row lengths. The results indicate that psittacosaurids had higher leverage at the beak and in the rostral part of the tooth row than basal neoceratopsians, but lower leverage in the caudal part of the tooth row. Although the vertebrate mandible is generally considered as a third-class lever, that of basal neoceratopsians acted as a second-class lever at the caudal part of the tooth row, as is also true in ceratopsids. When total input force from the mandibular adductor muscles on both sides of the skull is considered, the largest bite force in basal ceratopsian tooth rows was exerted in the caudal part of the tooth row at the caudal extremity of the zone with near-maximum input force. Medially positioned teeth generate higher leverage than laterally positioned teeth. The largest bite force in all basal ceratopsians is smaller than the maximum input force, a limit imposed by the morphology of the basal ceratopsian masticatory system. In ceratopsids, caudal extension of the tooth row resulted in a much larger bite force, even exceeding the maximum input force. Anat Rec, 292:1352,1369, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Effects of masticatory muscle function on craniofacial morphology in growing ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 6 2003Tailun He Studying the effects of masticatory muscle function on craniofacial morphology in animal models with different masticatory systems is important for further understanding of related issues in humans. Forty 5-wk-old male ferrets were equally divided into two groups. One group was fed a diet of hard pellets (HDG) and the other group was fed the same diet but softened with water (SDG). Lateral and dorsoventral cephalograms were taken on each group after 6 months. Cephalometric measurements were performed by digital procedures. For SDG ferrets, the hard palate plane was more distant from the cranial base plane, and canines were more proclined compared with HDG ferrets. The SDG ferrets were also found to have smaller interfrontal and interparietal widths, and a slenderer zygomatic arch than the HDG ferrets. In the mandible, the coronoid process was generally shorter and narrower for the SDG ferrets. The effects of the altered masticatory muscle function on craniofacial morphology in growing ferrets seemed to differ from those previously reported in other animal models studied under similar experimental conditions. Such differences in the effects are presumably related to the differences in the mode of mastication, craniofacial anatomy and growth pattern in different animal models. [source] | |||||||||||||