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Mass Screening (mass + screening)
Selected AbstractsMonoclonal antibody proteomics: Discovery and prevalidation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease biomarkers in a single stepELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 23 2007Eszter Csanky Abstract We define mAb proteomics as the global generation of disease specific antibodies that permit mass screening of biomarkers. An integrated, high-throughput, disease-specific mAb-based biomarker discovery platform has been developed. The approach readily provided new biomarker leads with the focus on large-scale discovery and production of mAb-based, disease-specific clinical assay candidates. The outcome of the biomarker discovery process was a highly specific and sensitive assay, applicable for testing of clinical validation paradigms, like response to treatment or correlation with other clinical parameters. In contrast to MS-based or systems biology-based strategies, our process produced prevalidated clinical assays as the outcome of the discovery process. By re-engineering the biomarker discovery paradigm, the encouraging results presented in this paper clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the mAb proteomics approach, and set the grounds for the next steps of studies, namely, the hunt for candidate biomarkers that respond to drug treatment. [source] Cost-effectiveness analysis of two strategies for mass screening for colorectal cancer in FranceHEALTH ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2004Célia Berchi Abstract The implementation of colorectal cancer mass screening is a high public health priority in France, as in most other industrialised countries. Despite evidences that screening using guaiac fecal occult blood test may reduce colorectal cancer mortality, no European country has organised widespread mass screening with this test. The low sensitivity of this test constitutes its main limitation. Immunological tests, which provide higher sensitivity than the guaiac test, may constitute a satisfactory alternative. This study was carried out to compare the costs and the effectiveness of 20 years of biennial colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with an automated reading immunological test (Magstream) with those obtained with a guaiac stool test (Haemoccult). The model used to estimate the costs and effectiveness of successive biennial CRC screening campaigns was a transitional probabilistic model. The parameters used in this model concerning costs and CRC epidemiological data were calculated from results obtained in the screening program run in Calvados or from published results of foreign studies because of the lack of French studies. The use of Magstream for 20 years of biennial screening costs 59 euros more than Haemoccult per target individual, and should lead to a mean increase in individual life expectancy of 0.0198 years (i.e. about one week), which corresponds to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 2980 euros per years of life saved. Our results suggest that using an immunological test could increase the effectiveness of CRC screening at a reasonable cost for society. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Promoting breast health: older women's perceptions of an innovative intervention to enhance screeningINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OLDER PEOPLE NURSING, Issue 2 2006Robin Y. Wood EdD Aims and objectives., This study is a continuation of prior funded research in which we tested the use of age and ethnically sensitive video breast health kits to increase knowledge about breast cancer and enhance the screening practices of breast self-examination and mammography among older Caucasian and African-American women. Background., Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide and accounts for 23% of all cancers. Mammography is currently the best procedure available for mass screening of breast cancer. However, underutilization of mammography is a problem among older women in the United States. Elders are at the greatest risk for developing and dying from breast cancer but they are the least likely group to be screened routinely with mammograms or to practice breast self-examination, particularly if they are African-American. Design., Participatory qualitative evaluation focus groups were used to assess the overall impact of the video kit intervention programme and to elucidate the quantitative findings of the original study. Methods., Four focus groups were conducted in two diverse settings with a purposive sample of 23 participants (N = 23). The overall sample was predominantly African-American (87%) with mean age of 71 ± 7.9 years and mean education completed of 12 ± 3.4 years. Results., Five major themes emerged from group discussions: usability and appeal of the intervention, fear and empowerment, personal relevance and intergenerational sharing, impact on screening behaviours, and story telling. Conclusions., Analyses suggest that customized media materials constructed especially for older African-American women empowered participants in this sample to action regarding their own breast health. Relevance to clinical practice., These findings may translate to global populations where risk is increasing but screening programmes are not widely available. Given that older women are historically difficult to access and impact, further design and evaluation of innovative and sensitive educational programmes such as the one described here are recommended. [source] Results for 79 patients with neuroblastoma detected through mass screening at 6 months of age in a single institutePEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2006NOBUHIRO NISHIO Abstract Background: In Japan, mass screening for neuroblastoma has been performed at 6 months of age to improve the prognosis of this condition for more than 20 years. In recent years, most neuroblastomas detected by mass screening were considered to have favorable biological features and sometimes tend to regress spontaneously. Methods: The authors established non-treated observation criteria in 1997 and criteria for observation of residual tumor after first-line chemotherapy in 1999, and have made an effort to reduce the intensity of medical treatment for neuroblastoma. The authors examined outcomes of 79 patients who were found in the Shizuoka neuroblastoma mass screening at 6 months of age and who received medical treatment or underwent observation in Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan, between December 1981 and December 2004. Results: A total of 77 patients survived but the remaining two patients died from complications of medical treatment. None of the patients died due to progression of neuroblastoma. In the cases, non-treated observation was performed in 17. Of those, 12 patients are now under non-treated observation. Of their tumors, two have disappeared, nine have become smaller and another one has not change in size. Observation of residual tumor after first-line chemotherapy was performed in 15 cases, and three disappeared and the other 12 cases became smaller. Medical treatment-related complications were observed in 20 of 67 patients who received medical treatment, and 18 of the 20 patients were seen before establishing non-treated observation criteria. Conclusion: Non-treated observation and observation of residual tumor after first-line chemotherapy were useful to reduce medical treatment-related complications. [source] Extraction and Refinement Strategy for detection of autism in 18-month-olds: a guarantee of higher sensitivity and specificity in the process of mass screeningTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 8 2009Hideo Honda Background:, For early detection of autism, it is difficult to maintain an efficient level of sensitivity and specificity based on observational data from a single screening. The Extraction and Refinement (E&R) Strategy utilizes a public children's health surveillance program to produce maximum efficacy in early detection of autism. In the extraction stage, all cases at risk of childhood problems, including developmental abnormality, are identified; in the refinement stage, cases without problems are excluded, leaving only cases with conclusive diagnoses. Methods:, The city of Yokohama, Japan, conducts a routine child health surveillance program for children at 18 months in which specialized public health nurses administer YACHT-18 (Young Autism and other developmental disorders CHeckup Tool), a screening instrument to identify children at risk for developmental disorders. Children who screen positive undergo further observation, and those without disorders are subsequently excluded. To study the efficacy of early detection procedures for developmental disorders, including autism, 2,814 children born in 1988, examined at 18 months of age, and not already receiving treatment for diseases or disorders were selected. Results:, In the extraction stage, 402 (14.3%) children were identified for follow-up. In the refinement stage, 19 (.7%) of these were referred to the Yokohama Rehabilitation Center and diagnosed with developmental disorders. The extraction stage produced four false negatives, bringing total diagnoses of developmental disorders to 23 (.8%) , including 5 with autistic disorder and 9 with pervasive developmental disorder , not otherwise specified (PDDNOS). Sensitivity was 60% for autistic disorder and 82.6% for developmental disorders. Specificity for developmental disorders rose to 100% with the E&R Strategy. Picture cards used in YACHT-18 provided a finer screen that excluded some false positive cases. Conclusions:, An extraction and refinement methodology utilizing child health surveillance programs achieve high efficacy for early detection of autism. [source] Multifocal haemangioma with extracutaneous involvement associated with hypergalactosaemiaCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 8 2009Y. Uchida Summary Neonatal haemangiomatosis, characterized by multiple haemangiomas, is a rare disease that develops during the neonatal period with or without visceral involvement. We report a 1-month-old Japanese boy with multifocal haemangiomas with extracutaneous involvement. A haemangioma on his left lower eyelid, present at birth, increased in size during the first postnatal month and more lesions developed during the same period. Neonatal mass screening showed hypergalactosaemia. Laboratory investigations found raised total bile acid and ammonia. Computed tomography and abdominal ultrasonography studies showed multiple hepatic haemangiomas and intrahepatic portovenous shunts. The child's cutaneous and hepatic haemangiomas disappeared spontaneously with normalization of laboratory data, and galactose accumulation improved with the feeding of lactose-free milk. There were no complications and the child has had no recurrence of the symptoms. Our case implies a possible association of multiple haemangioma and hypergalactosaemia, suggesting the necessity for visceral investigation. [source] Strategies for improving melanoma education and screening for men age , 50 yearsCANCER, Issue 7 2002Findings from the American Academy of Dermatology National Skin Cancer Screening Program Abstract BACKGROUND Recently, the Institute of Medicine (2000) and the Third United States Preventive Services Task Force (2001) called for studies to help clinicians identify patients, especially elderly patients, who are at high risk for melanoma. In the current study, the authors sought to identify factors associated with a high yield in skin cancer screening and to explore strategies for improving mass screenings for melanoma. METHODS The authors analyzed the data base of the 242,374 skin cancer screenings conducted on more than 206,000 Americans who attended the American Academy of Dermatology National Skin Cancer Screening Programs during the period 1992,1994. RESULTS Ninety-six percent of 3476 screenees with a presumptive diagnosis of melanoma or possible melanoma were contacted, and follow-up records were obtained for 73% of screenees. Of these, 363 screenees had histologically proven melanoma. Middle-aged and older men (age , 50 years) comprised only 25% of screenees but comprised 44% of those with a confirmed diagnosis of melanoma. The overall yield of melanoma (the number of confirmed diagnoses per the number of screenees) was 1.5 per 1000 screenings (363 diagnoses of 242,374 screenees) compared with a yield of 2.6 per 1000 screenings among men age , 50 years. The yield was improved further for men age , 50 years who reported either a changing mole (4.6 per 1000 screenings) or skin types I and II (3.8 per 1000 screenings). The predictive value of a screening diagnosis of melanoma was more than twice as high for men age , 50 years with either a changing mole or skin types I and II compared with all other participants. CONCLUSIONS The yield of mass screening for melanoma would be improved by outreach to middle-aged and older men, with particular focus on men with changing moles or with skin types I and II. Primary care physicians should be attuned to the risk factors among all of their patients but should be alerted in particular to the heightened risk of melanoma for men age , 50 years. Formal assessment of the impact of targeted screening on mortality warrants further study. Cancer 2002;95:1554,61. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10855 [source] | ||||||||||