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Marketplace
Kinds of Marketplace Selected AbstractsIMPLEMENTING BEST PRACTICE REGULATION IN A DYNAMIC MARKETPLACE: CONSULTATION AND ACCOUNTABILITYECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue S1 2008RIC SIMES The practice of financial regulation in Australia has drifted away from the lighted-handed principles articulated in the Wallis Report. The burden of regulatory compliance has steadily grown. The inconsistency between regulatory principle and practice is explained as the result of perverse incentives facing regulators, an absence of effective consultation with industry regarding the cost burden of regulation, and a failure to properly assess the social benefits and costs of regulatory intervention. The paper argues for the creation of a Bureau of Financial Sector Regulation to improve the accountability of regulators and publish independent social cost,benefit analyses of financial regulation. The paper also calls for a further inquiry into Australia's financial system ten years on from the Wallis Inquiry. [source] HOLY MAVERICKS: EVANGELICAL INNOVATORS AND THE SPIRITUAL MARKETPLACE by Shayne Lee and Phillip Luke SinitiereJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 2 2010ANDREW L. WHITEHEAD No abstract is available for this article. [source] A THEORY OF MONEY AND MARKETPLACES*INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2005Akihiko Matsui This article considers an infinitely repeated economy with divisible fiat money. The economy has many marketplaces that agents choose to visit. In each marketplace, agents are randomly matched to trade goods. There exist a variety of stationary equilibria. In some equilibrium, each good is traded at a single price, whereas in another, every good is traded at two different prices. There is a continuum of such equilibria, which differ from each other in price and welfare levels. However, it is shown that only the efficient single-price equilibrium is evolutionarily stable. [source] TRUST AS A TRADABLE COMMODITY: A FOUNDATION FOR SAFE ELECTRONIC MARKETPLACESCOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 2 2010Reid Kerr In large electronic marketplaces populated by buying and selling agents, it is difficult to judge trustworthiness. A variety of systems have been proposed to help traders to find trustworthy partners by learning to discount or disregard disreputable parties. In this article, we present a novel model for providing safe electronic marketplaces: Commodity Trunits, a system that considers trust as a tradable commodity. In this system, sellers require units of trust (trunits) to participate in transactions, and risk losing trunits if they act dishonestly. Sellers can purchase trunits when needed, and sell excess quantities. We demonstrate that under Commodity Trunits, rational sellers will choose to be honest, since this is the profit maximizing strategy. We also show that Commodity Trunits provides protection from a number of vulnerabilities common in existing trust and reputation systems, e.g., the important,exit problem, where sellers can cheat without fear of repercussions if they intend to leave the market. We then present a simulation that validates the system by demonstrating that a market operator can manage the trunit marketplace to ensure sustainability. We conclude with a discussion of the value of Commodity Trunits as a method for promoting trust in electronic marketplaces. [source] The Changing Nexus: Tertiary Education Institutions, the Marketplace and the StateHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2003Francis A. Steier This article examines the evolving relationship between the marketplace, the state and tertiary education institutions. The context of these relations has evolved strikingly in recent years, which have seen three major developments: growing system differentiation, changing governance patterns and diminished direct involvement of governments in the funding and provision of tertiary education. This article first describes the key dimensions of the rise of market forces in tertiary education throughout the world and the main implications of this phenomenon. It then articulates the rationale for continuing public intervention in the sector and, in conclusion, outlines the nature of an appropriate enabling framework for the further development of tertiary education. [source] Health Literacy for Improved Health Outcomes: Effective Capital in the MarketplaceJOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2009NATALIE ROSS ADKINS Improving consumers' health literacy addresses many of the rising problems in healthcare. We empirically support a reconceptualization of health literacy as a social and cultural practice through which adults leverage a range of skills as well as social networks to meet their needs. Pierre Bourdieu's "theory of practice" guides this reconceptualization and facilitates articulation of the array of strategies used in the complex healthcare marketplace. We focus on the low literate consumers' alternative forms of capital and the providers' recognition and support. The findings, from an emergent research design consisting of depth interviews with low literate consumers and healthcare providers, suggest a critical, reflective approach that enhances health literacy, empowers consumers to become partners in their own healthcare programs, and improves health outcomes. [source] In the Enchanted Grove: Financial Conversations and the Marketplace in England and France in the 18th CenturyJOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Alex Preda The paper examines conversations in the 18th-century London and Paris financial marketplaces. The aim is to highlight the place of conversations as the key form of interaction in the marketplace, and to evaluate financial conversations against the broader cultural background of literary and scientific dialogues of the time. The relevance of this enterprise is that it leads to a better understanding of how the verbal interactions of the marketplace shape transaction outcomes and contribute to forms of rationality specific for financial markets. Grounded in the analysis of empirical material, the paper distinguishes between conversations-qua-transactions and conversations-about-the-world. It shows how they produce and require specific forms of knowledge from the participants; at the same time, they shape the transactions' outcomes. On this basis, the paper argues that the phenomenon of sudden mood swings in the marketplace cannot be entirely explained in irrational, psychological terms, but must be seen as the outcome of a particular conversational system. [source] A Standoffish Priest and Sticky Catholics: Questioning the Religious Marketplace in Tzintzuntzan, MexicoJOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN & CARIBBEAN ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Peter S. Cahn [source] Minorities and the Philosophical MarketplaceMETAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 5 2002Jorge J.E. Gracia This article argues for two theses. The first is that many of the sociological factors endemic in the philosophical community function as barriers to the recruitment of members of minority groups in the profession and to their functioning as public intellectuals. The division into familial groups, the fights for security and success, and the weakness of the federal organization of the American Philosophical Association all contribute to these barriers. The second is that sociology has a place in philosophy, even though it should not be confused with it. This means that philosophers need to consider social phenomena. [source] Responsible Business: Weaving the Fabric of a Stable MarketplaceAMERICAN BUSINESS LAW JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007Igor Abramov First page of article [source] Marketplace and personal space: Investigating the differential effects of attachment style across relationship contextsPSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 8 2006Matthew Thomson An individual's tendencies in purely personal relationships seem to lead to related tendencies in consumer relationships. The following article presents a study that illustrates how individual differences in personal relationship attachment style can be used to predict the likely success of consumer relationships. In addition, it illustrates how the success of consumption versus nonconsumption relationships can be explained by the effect of attachment style on the individual's perception of qualities of the relationship. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Strategic Positioning and the Financing of Nonprofit Organizations: Is Efficiency Rewarded in the Contributions Marketplace?PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 3 2001Peter Frumkin This article addresses the question of whether operational efficiency is recognized and rewarded by the private funders that support nonprofit organizations in fields ranging from education to social service to arts and beyond. Looking at the administrative efficiency and fundraising results of a large sample of nonprofit organizations over an 11-year period, we find that nonprofits that position themselves as cost efficient,reporting low administrative to total expense ratios,fared no better over time than less efficient appearing organizations in the market for individual, foundation, and corporate contributions. From this analysis, we suggest that economizing may not always be the best strategy in the nonprofit sector. [source] An Octyl-2-Cyanoacrylate Formulation Speeds Healing of Partial-Thickness WoundsDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 9 2001Stephen C. Davis BS Background. Occlusive dressings have been known to accelerate the rate of healing. Every year new dressings are being introduced in the marketplace. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new octyl-2-cyanoacrylate liquid dressing as compared to two over-the-counter bandages on partial-thickness wounds. Performance parameters were epithelialization, erythema, scab formation, material adherence, hemostasis, and infection. Method. Eight pigs with a total of 645 partial-thickness wounds were assigned to one of the following treatments: liquid dressing, standard bandage, hydrocolloid bandage, or untreated air exposed. Result. The liquid bandage enhanced the rate of epithelialization and was the only treatment to provide complete hemostasis, reduced scab formation, and did not induce an irritant response (erythema) or infection. Conclusion The liquid bandage is an easy to use material that stops bleeding (instantaneous hemostasis) while enhancing healing of partial-thickness wounds. [source] Hand augmentation with Radiesse® (Calcium hydroxylapatite)DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 6 2007Mariano Busso ABSTRACT:, The hand has remained a considerable treatment challenge, as new soft tissue fillers have arrived in the esthetic marketplace. The challenge has been the result of both the multiple visits required for treatment in, for example, autologous fat grafting and the simple management of pain in the innervated areas of the hand between the bones. This paper introduces a novel, noticeably less painful approach to treatment of the hand with calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA; Radiesse®, BioForm Medical, San Mateo, CA). Anesthetic is added to the compound prior to injection, resulting in a homogenous admixture of CaHA and anesthetic. A bolus of the mixture is injected into the skin, using tenting, and then spread throughout the hand. The result of this approach , mixing anesthetic with CaHA , is treatment that is easier to massage and disseminate, less painful to the patient than conventional hand injection, and characterized by less swelling and bruising, with minimal post-treatment downtime. [source] Homepage Redesign: A Collaborative and Creative JourneyDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2009Felix Blanco More and more often, car shoppers are forsaking traditional print media and going online. As a leader in the automotive marketplace, http://AutoTrader.com depends on its website,especially the homepage,to drive its business. So when it came time for a redesign, everyone had to be involved. [source] Design differentiation for global companies: Value exporters and value collectorsDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 4 2001Clive Grinyer In the global marketplace, should companies maintain uniform product profiles,some with strong national characteristics,or adapt regionally? Most companies tend toward one end or the other, concludes Clive Grinyer. Clearly distinguishing between "value exporters" and "value collectors," he articulates the advantages and disadvantages of each. Companies must strike their own strategic balance, hopefully without diluting the regional diversity that makes life and consumer choices so interesting. [source] Monoclonal antibodies: a morphing landscape for therapeuticsDRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 10 2006Nicholas C. Nicolaides Abstract The concept of using antibodies as therapeutics to cure human diseases was postulated nearly 100 years ago by Paul Ehrlich and subsequently enabled by the discovery of hybridoma technology by Kohler and Milstein in 1975. While the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as drugs that can specifically target a disease-associated antigen is compelling, it has taken a quarter century for these molecules to be adopted as bona fide therapeutic agents. Despite their slow pursuit in drug development during the pioneering years, it is now estimated that there are nearly 500 mAb-based therapies in development. Major factors that have influenced the acceptance of monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics include their drug safety profiles, technological advancements for facilitating mAb discovery and development, and market success. Early on, it was demonstrated that antibodies could elicit clinical benefit by antagonizing a specific antigen without the common side effects that are prevalent with small chemical entities due to their nonspecific effects on homeostatic biochemical pathways. In addition, the significant technological advances that the biotechnology industry has established for developing and producing monoclonal antibodies at commercial scale in a more efficient and cost-effective manner has broadly enabled their use as therapeutics. However, despite the beneficial pharmacologic advantages and technological advances, it has been the sheer market success that monoclonal antibody products have achieved over the past few years that has propelled their vast pursuit by the biopharmaceutical industry in light of their value-creating potential. Here we provide an overview of the monoclonal antibody industry and discuss evolving technologies and strategies that are being pursued to overcome challenges in the changing marketplace. Drug Dev. Res. 67:781,789, 2006. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Public Interest in Converging CommunicationsECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2000Caroline Thomson The convergence of broadcasting, telecommunications and computing raises the question of whether the converged markets will continue to meet the public interest. That interest is in seeing the full potential benefits of convergence , including benefits to the economy, to consumers and to society. Neither the marketplace, nor external regulation of the marketplace, will online deliver those benefits to the fullest possible extent. The BBC's role is more important than ever, in helping to ensure that the powers of digital technology are harnessed for the benefit of all. [source] Global Standards, Local Realities: Private Agrifood Governance and the Restructuring of the Kenyan Horticulture IndustryECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2010Stefan Ouma abstract Over the past decade, private food safety and quality standards have become focal points in the supply chain management of large retailers, reshaping governance patterns in global agrifood chains. In this article, I analyze the relationship between private collective standards and the governance of agrifood markets, using the EUREPGAP/GLOBALGAP standard as a vantage point. I discuss the impact of this standard on the organization of supply chains of fresh vegetables in the Kenyan horticulture industry, focusing on the supply chain relationships and practices among exporters and smallholder farmers. In so doing, I seek to highlight the often-contested nature of the implementation of standards in social fields that are marked by different and distributed principles of evaluating quality, production processes, and legitimate actions in the marketplace. I also reconstruct the challenges and opportunities that exporters and farmers are facing with regard to the implementation of and compliance with standards. Finally, I elaborate on the scope for action that producers and policymakers have under these structures to retain sectoral competitiveness in a global economy of qualities. [source] The Political Construction of Agro-Food Liberalization in East Asia: Lessons from the Restructuring of Japanese Dairy ProvisioningECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2004Bill Pritchard Abstract: This article asserts the significance of national-scale processes in the global restructuring of agro-food systems, especially in East Asia. Using an analysis of the recent restructuring in Japanese dairy provisioning, it documents how this trade remains orchestrated by government-commercial institutions that are organized and regulated to serve domestic agrarian interests. In the context of international disagreement on the future of the liberalization of agricultural trade, the implications of this study are that models of contemporary Asia Pacific agro-food restructuring should emphasize the ongoing importance of national institutions within the organization of trade, rather than assume prematurely the reality of a neoliberal marketplace. [source] GLOBALISATION AND THE FUTURE OF INDIGENOUS FOOTBALL CODESECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 4 2004LIONEL FROST Much of the debate about the future of indigenous football codes such as Australian Rules and Gaelic football has centred on the possibility that in the future their popularity will be eroded by the increasing power of soccer. Several commentators have envisaged a future in which sports that operate in a global marketplace will ,crowd out' sports that have been traditionally popular in certain parts of the world. This article will examine these predictions critically, and will suggest several reasons why in the future, the range of sports that is played, watched, and followed with passion, is likely to continue to vary from nation to nation, and even from region to region. The article will argue that the success of any particular football code is most likely to be affected by the effectiveness of its own organisation and management, rather than whether or not there are ,global' competitors to it. [source] Competitive Analysis and New Venture Performance: Understanding the Impact of Strategic Uncertainty and Venture Origin*ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2002Shaker A. Zahra Effective competitive analysis (CA) is important for success in today's marketplace. CA may be particularly important to new ventures that may lack experience in their industries and knowledge of their rivals. Using survey data from 228 new ventures, this study concludes that the formality, comprehensiveness, and user orientation of CA activities are positively associated with new venture performance. Strategic uncertainty and venture origin also significantly moderate the relationship between CA and new venture performance. [source] Genotoxicity of three mouthwash products, Cepacol®, Periogard®, and Plax®, in the Drosophila wing-spot testENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS, Issue 8 2007Fábio Rodrigues Abstract Antiseptic mouthwashes used in biofilm control are widely available in the marketplace, despite inconsistent data concerning their genetic and cellular toxicity. In the present study, we investigated the genotoxic potential of three antiseptics currently used for odontologic treatment, Cepacol® (containing cetylpyridinium chloride), Periogard® (chlorhexidine digluconate), and Plax® (triclosan). Genotoxicity was evaluated using the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster, employing flies having normal bioactivation (the standard cross) and flies with increased cytochrome P450-dependent biotransformation capacity (the high bioactivation cross). Periogard and Plax produced negative responses in both types of flies; however, Cepacol (75 and 100%) produced positive responses in both the standard and high bioactivation assays, with the genotoxic responses mainly due to the induction of mitotic recombination. Assays performed with ethanol and cetylpirydinium chloride, two major ingredients of Cepacol, indicated that the genotoxity of the mouthwash is likely to be due to ethanol. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Strategies for preventing defection based on the mean time to defection and their implementations on a self-organizing mapEXPERT SYSTEMS, Issue 5 2005Young Ae Kim Abstract: Customer retention is a critical issue for the survival of any business in today's competitive marketplace. In this paper, we propose a dynamic procedure utilizing self-organizing maps and a Markov process for detecting and preventing customer defection that uses data of past and current customer behavior. The basic concept originates from empirical observations that identified that a customer has a tendency to change behavior (i.e. trim-out usage volumes) before eventual withdrawal and defection. Our explanatory model predicts when potential defectors are likely to withdraw. Two strategies are suggested to respond to the question of where to lead potential defectors for the next stage, based on anticipating when the potential defector will leave. Our model predicts potential defectors with little deterioration of prediction accuracy compared with that of the multilayer perceptron neural network and decision trees. Moreover, it performs reasonably well in a controlled experiment using an online game. [source] Intelligent interaction design: the role of human-computer interaction research in the design of intelligent systemsEXPERT SYSTEMS, Issue 1 2001Ann BlandfordArticle first published online: 16 DEC 200 As more intelligent systems are introduced into the marketplace, it is becoming increasingly urgent to consider usability for such systems. Historically, the two fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and human- computer interaction (HCI) have had little in common. In this paper, we consider how established HCI techniques can usefully be applied to the design and evaluation of intelligent systems, and where there is an urgent need for new approaches. Some techniques - notably those for requirements acquisition and empirical evaluation - can usefully be adopted, and indeed are, within many projects. However, many of the tools and techniques developed within HCI to support design and theory-based evaluation cannot be applied in their present forms to intelligent systems because they are based on inappropriate assumptions; there is consequently a need for new approaches. Conversely, there are approaches that have been developed within AI - e.g. in research on dialogue and on ontologies - that could usefully be adapted and encapsulated to respond to this need. These should form the core of a future research agenda for intelligent interaction design. [source] New Paradigms for U.S.FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 3 2000Higher Education in the Twenty-First Century Our success in the global marketplace is directly related to our ability to understand, appreciate, value, and within foreign cultures, differing sets of social customs, diverse economic contexts, and varied political systems. The colleges and universities that prosper in the future are those that will, among other things, focus foreign language curricula on the needs of students specializing in business and other professions, while modifying their business and professional courses and programs to include foreign languages, international perspectives, and cross-cultural content. This article describes the fundamental changes in U.S. society and the world that are dictating modifications in the rules and assumptions for U.S. higher education, in general, and for instruction in foreign languages, foreign cultures, and professional preparation, in particular. [source] Saxagliptin: a new option for the management of type 2 diabetesFUTURE PRESCRIBER, Issue 3 2009MD Consultant Diabetologist, Marc Evans MRCP Incretin-based therapies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) present a new approach to disease management. Over recent years, several new drugs have entered the marketplace, and NICE have recently issued guidance on how best to incorporate these new drugs into treatment regimens. In this article, Marc Evans reviews saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, and considers its potential clinical use. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Un/doing Gender and the Aesthetics of Organizational PerformanceGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 6 2007Philip Hancock In the age of the so-called ,expressive organization' and the ,aesthetic economy', for an organization to compete in the global marketplace it would appear that it must perform. This does not refer simply to economic performance, but rather to the idea of performance as a means of affecting both people's impressions and definitions of reality. In this article we argue that such performativity is achieved, in part, through the power of symbolism and aesthetics, as well as the capacity to bring oneself into being in an environment in which successful management of the aesthetic has increasingly become a prerequisite for the conferment of recognition. Central to this process are the ways in which the aesthetics of gender are mobilized and indeed simultaneously ,done' and ,undone' in order to affirm particular, but often unstable, regimes of managerially desired meaning. Drawing on the work of Judith Butler, and informed by a critical or hermeneutic structuralism, we are concerned here to think through the relationship between performativity and the gendered organization of the desire for recognition as it is materialized in, and mediated by, the landscaping of corporate artefacts and organizationally compelled ways of un/doing gender. With this in mind, we consider a series of images taken from a sample of recruitment documents that, as cultural configurations that organize and compel particular versions of gender, we argue, are concerned with the production of organizationally legible and therefore viable gendered subjects. [source] Attending to the world: competition, cooperation and connectivity in the World City networkGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 2 2002J. V. Beaverstock World Cities are acknowledged to be a key aspect of globalization. In many accounts, these cities are depicted as rivals in a global marketplace, their economic success a result of their competitive advantage. However, what has not been fully acknowledged is their connectivity and, in addition, the time and effort taken by specific ,attendants' to produce the World City network. Accordingly, this article aims to advance understanding of World City network formation by developing a conceptual model that focuses on four major attendants (firms, sectors, cities and states) that enact network formation through two nexuses ,,city-firm' and ,statesector', and two communities ,,cities within states' and ,firms within sectors'. The utility of this model is demonstrated by drawing upon interviews conducted in offices of 39 advanced producer service firms in banking and law. These interviews were undertaken in three World Cities (London, New York and Singapore) in the wake of the East Asian financial crisis, an event that challenged the consistency of the World City network. Showing how attendants sought to maintain and transform the World City network at this key moment of crisis, we conclude that studies of city competitiveness ultimately need to focus on the cooperative work that sustains global networks. [source] The impact of managed competition on diversity, innovation and creativity in the delivery of home-care servicesHEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 4 2008Glen E. Randall PhDArticle first published online: 28 JUN 200 Abstract Reforming publicly funded healthcare systems by introducing elements of competition, often by allowing for-profit providers to compete with not-for-profit providers, is a strategy that has become commonplace in Western democracies. It is widely thought that the competitive forces of the marketplace will lead to greater efficiency, diversity and even innovation in the delivery of services. Between 1997 and 2000, a model of ,managed competition' was introduced as a major reform to the delivery of home-care services in Ontario, Canada. It was expected that by allowing greater competition within the home-care sector, this model would constrain costs and encourage provider agencies to become more innovative and creative in meeting service delivery needs. The purpose of this case study is to explore the impact of the managed competition reform on the for-profit and the not-for-profit organisations that provided rehabilitation home-care services, and, more specifically, to assess the extent to which the goal of greater diversity, innovation and creativity was achieved following implementation of the reform. A purposive sample of 49 key informants were selected for in-depth interviews, and a survey of the 36 organisations that provided rehabilitation home-care services and the 43 community care access centres that purchased services from these provider agencies was conducted. Data were collected between November 2002 and May 2003. Findings demonstrate that a combination of coercive, mimetic and normative isomorphic pressures have constrained diversity, innovation and creativity within the home-care sector. The implication is that the features that have traditionally distinguished for-profit and not-for-profit provider agencies from each other are rapidly disappearing, and a new hybrid organisational structure is evolving. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||