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Market Experience (market + experience)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	50%
Humanities and Social Sciences	35%

Kinds of Market Experience

labor market experience

Selected Abstracts

Correlates of Voluntary vs.

GENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 3 2001
Involuntary Part-time Employment among US Women
This article presents a study of the extent to which type and duration of labour force attachment add to the explanatory power of psychological, demographic, and family household characteristics to predict voluntary (n=166) vs. involuntary part-time (n=160) employment of women in the United States. We use the terms ,voluntary' and ,involuntary' to reflect the woman's choice in accepting to work in paid part-time employment. In this context, voluntary part-time work is not meant to be construed as charitable, non-paid activities, but rather is construed as individuals who are working part-time but who would prefer to be working full-time, if a suitable job were available. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience (NLSLME), we found that labour market attachment characteristics added little to predict part-time employment status (involuntary vs. voluntary) and had virtually no effect on the odds of any other correlates on employment status. The major exception was number of years of unemployment. The longer working women were previously unemployed, the greater the likelihood they were involuntarily employed in part-time jobs. In addition, we found that marriage and private sector employment decreased the likelihood of involuntary part-time employment. Findings suggest that involuntarily part-time employed women appear to be ,settling' for what they can get, namely, part-time rather than full-time jobs and that unmarried part-timers may be viewed as a stigmatized or marginal group more likely to be employed in the public rather than private sector. Policy implications and future research are discussed. [source]

A Cross-country Comparison of Attitudes Towards Mothers Working and their Actual Labor Market Experience

LABOUR, Issue 4 2000
James W. Albrecht
In this paper, we use data from the International Social Survey Project to present a cross-country comparison of attitudes about the labor force participation of mothers. We also estimate earnings functions and probits for full-time work and examine whether there is a link between attitudes and women's actual labor market experience across countries. We find that while a woman's own attitude about work does not directly influence her wage, it does influence the probability that she works full time. [source]

Political Partisanship, Voting Abstention and Higher Education: Changing Preferences in a British Youth Cohort in the 1990s

HIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2002
Muriel EgertonArticle first published online: 16 DEC 200
This paper focuses on the relationship between education and political partisanship, using the British Household Panel Study (1991,1999). It is known that partisanship has been falling in Britain since the mid,1950s. However, voting abstention rose only gradually until the June 2001 election where the turnout (at 59 per cent) was the lowest since 1918. Partisanship also fell sharply during the 1990s. Although social class and education are associated with turnout in the USA, no relationship has been reported in the UK, and voting seems to have been perceived as a citizen duty. However, in the light of recent changes in voting patterns and educational participation, this paper investigates the role of education, contextualising education effects in social class and gender effects. The preferences of young people are observed in their late teens, before entering the labour market or higher education, and are compared with those of the same young people in their early 20s, after completing higher education courses or gaining labour market experience. The BHPS yielded a sample of about 500 young people with the required data over the time period. It was hypothesised that dissatisfaction with government performance would take different forms for the more and the less educated, with the more educated shifting preferences to minority parties while the less educated shift preferences to voting abstention. The hypothesis was confirmed for young men. Endorsement of abstention was very high for adolescent women who also seemed to be more influenced by their family's social class. However, by early adulthood a lower proportion of young women endorsed abstention than young men. Strong effects of education were still found with more highly educated young women (as with more highly educated young men) being more likely to have party preferences. [source]

Finding an Adequate Job: Employment and Income of Recent Immigrants to Israel

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 2 2003
Haya Stier
Summary The study examines the early market experience of recent immigrants to Israel from the former Soviet Union (FSU) and their mobility patterns a few years after migration. The Labour Utilization Framework, proposed by Clogg and Sullivan (1983), was analysed to identify the employment difficulties immigrants experienced upon arrival, their short-term mobility in the labour market, and the income consequences of their disadvantaged position in the market. Using a panel study of immigrants who arrived in Israel during 1990, we found that although most of them found employment, only a minority did not experience employment hardships. Four years after their arrival, most immigrants were still employed in occupations for which they were over-qualified, and only a small portion of the group managed to find adequate employment. Women had more severe employment hardships and a lower rate of mobility into the better positions. For men and women alike, almost any deviation from a stable adequate employment entailed wage penalties. [source]

Market Volatility and the Structure of US Earnings

LABOUR, Issue 1 2001
Elisabetta Magnani
This paper studies the relationship between volatility of industry-specific shipments and real earnings. In an efficiency wage theoretical framework I show that wage premiums for the risk of unemployment depend on the value of the worker's outside offer net of his/her mobility costs. Empirically it is shown that wage premiums for the risk of unemployment markedly vary in a cross section of workers. The main finding is that market volatility changes the return to skill such as labor market experience and education. Its impact markedly varies across occupation groups, with managers receiving returns to labour market experience that significantly increase with product market volatility. [source]

A Cross-country Comparison of Attitudes Towards Mothers Working and their Actual Labor Market Experience

Schooling, Literacy, Numeracy and Labour Market Success

THE ECONOMIC RECORD, Issue 245 2003
Barry R. Chiswick
The present paper uses data from the 1996 Australian Aspects of Literacy survey to examine the effects on labour market outcomes of literacy, numeracy and schooling. The survey includes a range of literacy and numeracy variables that are highly intercorrelated. A ,general to specific' approach identifies the most relevant literacy and numeracy variables. Including the others adds little explanatory power. Among males and females separately, approximately half of the total effect of schooling on labour force participation and on unemployment can be attributed to literacy and numeracy (the indirect effect) and approximately half to the direct effect of schooling. There is apparently no indirect effect of labour market experience through literacy and numeracy on participation or unemployment. The direct and total effects of experience are the same. Similarly, the direct and total effects of literacy and numeracy are reasonably similar to each other. [source]

How New Product Introductions Affect Sales Management Strategy: The Impact of Type of "Newness" of the New Product

THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2003
Kamel Micheal
How do firms adjust sales management strategy for new product launch? Does sales management strategy change more radically for different types of new products such as new-to-the-world products versus product revisions? Because firms introducing a new product rely considerably on their sales force in the product launch effort, the types and degree of changes made in managing the selling effort are important issues. Past studies have demonstrated that firms make substantial adjustments in their sales management strategy when they introduce a new product. This study expands on previous investigations by examining whether sales management strategy changes are conditioned by the type of newness of the new product to the market and to the firm. Australian sales managers were asked to respond to a mail questionnaire concerning pre- and post-new product launch sales management activities. Three groups of firms were compared: (1) those with new-to-the-market and new-to-the-firm products (i.e., new-to-the-world products); (2) those with products new to the firm but not new to the market; and (3) those with products that are revisions to the firm and not new to the market. The study finds that firms do not make the most adjustments for products with the greatest degree of market newness,the new-to-the-world types of products,except in the sales management strategy categories of compensation and supervision. In the other sales management strategy categories defined for study,organization, training, quotas and goals, and sales support as well as for all categories in the aggregate,sales management strategy changes were greatest in incidence, as measured both by the percent of firms making changes and the average number of changes per firm, when the new product was new to the firm but not new to the market. These results suggest that, because different types of new products face different competitive environments, there may be greater incentive for a not-new-to-the-market new-to-the-firm product to make changes in sales strategy. Uncertainties about market size and customer location with new-to-the-world products may limit the understanding of what changes to make in the strategy categories of quotas and territories. Similarly, uncertainties about product use and customer acceptance of new-to-the-world products may limit the development of training and sales support materials by these firms. Instead, these firms may rely more on compensation and supervision to direct sales efforts for new-to-the-world products. However, observing the market experience and performance of the first-to-market product can benefit firms launching a not-new-to-market and new-to-the-firm product, allowing them to rely more on strategy changes in training, sales support materials, organizational adjustments such as redeployments, and quotas. [source]

Movin' On Up: Interpreting The Earnings,Experience Profile

BULLETIN OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2000
Alan Manning
Human capital theory provides the generally accepted interpretation of the relationship between earnings and labour market experience, namely that general human capital tends to increase with experience. However, there are other plausible interpretations. Search models, for example, generally predict that more time in the labour market increases the chance of finding a better match and hence tends to be associated with higher earnings. This paper shows how a simple search model can be used to predict the amount of earnings growth that can be assigned to search with the residual being assigned to the human capital model. A substantial if not the larger part of the rise in earnings over the life-cycle in Britain can be explained by a simple search model, and virtually all the earnings gap between men and women can be explained in this way. Overall, the evidence suggests that we do need to reinterpret the returns to experience in earnings functions. [source]

Cultural Influences on Immigrant Women's Labor Force Participation: The Arab-American Case,

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, Issue 1 2004
Jen'nan Ghazal Read
Research on the economic activity of immigrant women has flourished in recent years. The current study extends this literature to examine the labor force activity of Arab-American women, a group whose labor market experiences provide an exception to hitherto accepted theoretical explanations. The employment rates of Arab immigrant women rank among the lowest of any immigrant group, while the rates of native-born Arab-American women resemble those of U.S.-born white women. This study examines potential explanations for these differences using data from the U.S. Census and a national mail survey of Arab-American women. Contrary to findings for other immigrant groups, differences among Arab-American women cannot be explained by their human capital characteristics or family resources, but are almost entirely due to traditional cultural norms that prioritize women's family obligations over their economic activity, and to ethnic and religious social networks that encourage the maintenance of traditional gender roles. This study concludes by underscoring the need for additional research on the impact of culture on immigrant women's employment. [source]

Persistent Advantage or Disadvantage?: Evidence in Support of the Intergenerational Drag Hypothesis

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001
William Darity
By utilizing the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) and a measure of occupational prestige (OCCSCORE) as a labor market outcome, the authors examine variations in the degree of labor market discrimination faced by several ethnic and racial groups in the United States between 1880 and 1990. Results demonstrate that the sharpest decline in labor market discrimination against blacks occurred between 1960 and 1980. For black males the extent of labor market discrimination was greater in all census years in IPUMS after 1880 until 1970, evidence contradicting the conventional expectation that market-based discrimination will decline progressively over time by dint of competitive pressure. Finally, after replicating George Borjas' "ethnic capital" exercise, the authors pool the 1880, 1900, and 1910 data to determine the relative magnitude of a group's gains and losses in occupational prestige due to group advantage or disadvantage in human capital endowments and due to favorable or unfavorable treatment (nepotism or discrimination) of those endowments in the labor market. The authors then examine statistically whether the group human capital advantage or disadvantage and group exposure to nepotism or discrimination at the turn of the century affects labor market outcomes for their descendants today. Results indicate strong effects of the past on present labor market outcomes. Hence, the essence of the study is the statistical demonstration that there are significant and detectable effects on current generations of the labor market experiences of their racial/ethnic ancestors. [source]

Accounting for unemployment among people with mental illness

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW, Issue 6 2002
Richard C. Baron M.A.
Persons diagnosed with a serious mental illness experience significantly high rates of unemployment compared with the general population. The explanations for this situation have included a focus on the symptoms associated with these disorders, a focus on the lack of effective vocational rehabilitation programs for this population, and, most recently, a focus on employer discrimination and the financial disincentives to employment in various public policies. The authors of this manuscript review the evolution in thought pertaining to the labor market experiences of persons with a serious mental illness and propose as an additional set of factors that should be considered, those labor market liabilities that this population shares with others without disabilities who experience similar employment histories. The authors conclude that the inclusion of these factors in our understanding of issues that persons with serious mental illness face in the competitive labor market will likely lead to a further evolution in program and policy development. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Labor Market Transitions of Immigrant-Born, Refugee-Born, and Canadian-Born Youth

CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE, Issue 2 2008
LORI WILKINSON
Cet article a pour but d'analyser les expériences du marché du travail des jeunes nés de parents immigrants, réfugiés et canadiens en utilisant deux ensembles de données de 1998, l'Enquête sur la dynamique du travail et du revenu, et L'enquête sur le rétablissement des réfugiés en Alberta. Son ambition première est de comprendre leurs expériences de travail, étant donné qu'elles sont essentielles à leur intégration et à leur passage à l'âge adulte. D'un point de vue pratique, les résultats aident les fournisseurs de services de première ligne en procurant de l'information supplémentaire sur les besoins liés à l'emploi des jeunes nouveaux arrivants. Théoriquement, cette étude a pour objectif de mieux comprendre un des aspects de l'intégration , l'emploi ,, étant donné que l'information actuelle ne décrit pas adéquatement les expériences de ces jeunes. Dans l'ensemble, cette recherche augmente les connaissances sur l'intégration des jeunes nés de parents immigrants et réfugiés sur le marché canadien du travail. This paper examines the labor market experiences of immigrant-born, refugee-born, and Canadian-born youth using two data sets, the 1998 Survey on Labour and Income Dynamics and the 1998 Refugee Resettlement to Alberta Survey. Its main objective is to understand their job experiences as they are crucial to their integration and transition to adulthood. On a practical level, the findings help front-line service providers by providing additional information about the employment-related needs of newcomer youth. Theoretically, this research aims to develop a better understanding of one aspect of the integration, employment, as current information does not adequately describe the experiences of newcomer youth. Taken together, this research increases knowledge about the integration of immigrant-born and refugee-born youth in the Canadian labor market. [source]