			Home About us Contact

Marker Method (marker + method)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	60%

Selected Abstracts

Studies on feed digestibilities in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 3-4 2003
M. Clauss
Summary In order to test the suitability of the horse as a nutritional model for elephants, digestibility studies were performed with six captive Asian elephants on six different dietary regimes, using the double marker method with acid detergent lignin as an internal and chromium oxide as an external digestibility marker. Elephants resembled horses in the way dietary supplements and dietary crude fibre content influenced digestibility, in calcium absorption parameters and in faecal volatile fatty acid composition. However, the absolute digestibility coefficients achieved for all nutrients are distinctively lower in elephants. This is because of much faster ingesta passage rates reported for elephants. No answer is given to why elephants do not make use of their high digestive potential theoretically provided by their immense body weight. Differences in volatile fatty acid concentrations between these captive elephants and those reported from elephants from the wild are in accord with a reported high dependence of free-ranging elephants on browse forage. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen zur Verdaulichkeit von Futtermitteln bei Asiatischen Elefanten (Elephas maximus) Um zu überprüfen, ob das Pferd als ernährungsphysiolgisches Modelltier für Elefanten herangezogen werden kann, wurden Verdaulichkeitsstudien an sechs im Zoo gehaltenen Indischen Elefanten mit sechs verschiedenen Futterrationen durchgeführt. Dabei wurde die Doppelindikatormethode mit Lignin als internem und Chromoxid als externem Marker verwendet. Elefanten ähnelten Pferden hinsichtlich der Art und Weise, wie sich Ergänzungsfuttermittel und der Rohfasergehalt der Ration auf die Verdaulichkeit auswirkten, hinsichtlich der Kalziumabsorption, und hinsichtlich der Zusammensetzung der flüchtigen Fettsäuren im Kot. Die von Elefanten erzielten absoluten Verdaulich-keitswerte sind jedoch für alle Nährstoffe deutlich niedriger als bei Pferden, was auf die schnellere Passage der Ingesta durch den Verdauungstrakt der Elefanten zurückzuführen ist. Die Frage, warum Elefanten ihr großes Potential zu hohen Verdauungleistungen nicht ausnutzen, das ihnen theoretisch aufgrund ihrer immensen Körpermasse gegeben ist, ist noch nicht beantwortet. Unterschiede in den Konzentrationen von flüchtigen Fettsäuren im Kot zwischen diesen Zoo-Elefanten und Elefanten aus freier Wildbahn spiegeln den hohen Laubanteil in der Nahrung freilebender Tiere wieder. [source]

Evaluation of gut motility in type II diabetes by the radiopaque marker method

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 4 2000
Motoyuki Iida
Abstract Background: The clinical usefulness of the radiopaque marker method for detecting diabetic gastrointestinal motility disturbances, was evaluated by examining 21 type II diabetes subjects who did not have any neuropathic symptoms. Methods: After administration of a Sitzmark capsule®, markers were located using plain abdominal radiographs, and the transit time of the markers through seven areas of digestive tract was calculated by Arhan's methods. The plasma concentration of acetaminophen at 45 min after oral administration was measured to evaluate gastric emptying time. The coefficient of variation of R-R intervals on the electrocardiograms (CVR-R) was measured to evaluate parasympathetic autonomic function. Results: In the diabetics, the average (± SD) transit time through upper digestive tracts was slightly but not significantly elongated compared with control subjects (14.4 ± 8.3 vs 9.9 ± 6.1 h). Significant elongation was observed in transit time through the lower digestive tracts or the whole gut (44.6 ± 20.9 and 57.9 ± 22.3 h, respectively) compared with control subjects (23.3 ± 8.5 and 33.2 ± 11.0 h). The transit time of the markers from stomach to small intestine was highly correlated (r = 0.693) with plasma concentration of acetaminophen. The transit time through either the whole colon (r = 0.564) or the whole gut (r = 0.630) was highly correlated with CVR-R. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the radiopaque marker method is a useful tool for detecting the sections of the digestive tract responsible for gut motility disturbances. In type II diabetics with no neuropathic symptoms, the lower digestive tracts may deteriorate prior to the impairment of upper digestive tracts. [source]

A marker method for the solution of the damped Burgers' equation

NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, Issue 1 2006
Jerome L. V. Lewandowski
Abstract A new method for the solution of the damped Burgers' equation is described. The marker method relies on the definition of a convective field associated with the underlying partial differential equation; the information about the approximate solution is associated with the response of an ensemble of markers to this convective field. Some key aspects of the method, such as the selection of the shape function and the initial loading, are discussed in some details. The marker method is applicable to a general class of nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006 [source]

Segmental colonic transit studies: comparison of a radiological and a scintigraphic method

COLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 4 2007
E. Lundin
Abstract Objective, Colonic transit studies are used to diagnose slow transit constipation (STC) and to evaluate segmental colonic transit before segmental or subtotal colectomy. The aim of the study was to compare a single X-ray radio-opaque marker method with a scintigraphic technique to assess total and segmental colonic transit in patients with STC. Method, Thirty-one female patients (median age 46 years) with severe constipation and a prolonged or borderline prolonged colonic transit time on radio-opaque marker study were included in the study. They were subsequently investigated with 111Indium-DTPA colonic transit scintigraphy, with a median time between the investigations of 4(range 1,27) months. Normal values of healthy female controls were used for comparison. Results, There was no difference between the two methods in terms of prolonged or normal total colonic transit time. Twenty-nine of 31 female patients had a prolonged transit time only in one or two segments on the marker study. On scintigraphy, the transit time was prolonged for patients in the left (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), but not in the right colon. With respect to prolonged or normal segmental transit time, there was a significant difference between the two methods only in the descending colon (P = 0.02). However, the results varied considerably for individual patients. Conclusion, Segmental colonic delay was a common finding. The two methods gave similar results for groups of patients, except in the descending colon. The variation of the results for individuals suggests that a repeated transit test may improve the assessment of total and segmental transit. [source]