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Marine Sources (marine + source)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Earth and Environmental Science	50%
Chemistry	50%

Selected Abstracts

Asymmetric Synthesis of ES-285, an Anticancer Agent Isolated from Marine Sources

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 35 2009
Ana C. Allepuz
Abstract The asymmetric synthesis of (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-octanedecanol hydrochloride (ES-285·HCl) was achieved in eight steps in ca. 38,% overall yield from the N -benzylimine-derived from (R)-2,3- O -isopropylidene glyceraldehyde, which is easily available on gram scale from the inexpensive precursor D -mannitol. Highly diastereoselective addition of methylmagnesium bromide to the N -benzylimine was the key step to create the vic -amino alcohol moiety with the appropriate configuration. Regioselective ring opening of an intermediate aminoepoxide enabled the introduction of the long hydrocarbon chain at C4.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009) [source]

Alternative migration and host parasitism strategies and their long-term stability in river lampreys from the River Endrick, Scotland

JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 10 2008
C. E. Adams
The stability of a discrete body size dimorphism of sexually mature river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis from the River Endrick, Scotland, was examined over a 21 year period. Stable isotope analysis was used to test the hypothesis that the two size forms comprise individuals with differing migration and parasitic foraging strategies. Maturing river lamprey and the brook lamprey Lampetra planeri were trapped over 3 months each year in the periods 1983,1984 and 2004,2005. Brook lamprey catches and catches of both species combined showed no significant trend in catch rate with time. The catch rate of small body size river lamprey declined between 1983,1984 and 2004,2005 (although the difference did not reach statistical significance; P = 0·055). In contrast, there was a significant increase in the catch rate of the large body size river lamprey and as a consequence, a significant change in the relative proportion of each of the two river lamprey morphs over the study period. Analysis of the stable isotopes of C and N in muscle tissue showed that brook lamprey tissue derived its carbon from a freshwater source and had a ,13C more consistent with that of the River Endrick than with Loch Lomond. ,15N values for this species showed it to be feeding at the base of the food chain, consistent with filter feeding as an ammocoete. The large body size and the small body size river lamprey adults differed substantially in their ,13C values, with the small body size ,13C signature indicative of a freshwater carbon source and the large body size morph of a marine source. The small body size morph had a ,13C signature that was consistent with that of Loch Lomond powan Coregonus lavaretus suggesting that they share a common carbon source. The large body size morph was clearly feeding at a higher trophic level than the small body size morph. A single small body size river lamprey individual with typical morphology for that group, however, had C and N signatures that clustered with those of the large body size morphs. This individual had either migrated to sea to forage, as is typical for the species, or had been feeding on an anadromous fish with a strong marine C signature in fresh water. It is concluded that the body size dimorphism is indicative of a differential migration and foraging strategy in the parasitic phase of the life cycle of river lamprey at this site. [source]

Recent developments in anti-inflammatory natural products

MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS, Issue 5 2009
Raju Gautam
Abstract Many of the inflammatory diseases are becoming common in aging society throughout the world. The clinically used anti-inflammatory drugs suffer from the disadvantage of side effects and high cost of treatment (in case of biologics). Alternative to these drugs are traditional medicines and natural products, which offer a great hope in the identification of bioactive lead compounds and their development into drugs for treating inflammatory diseases. Since ancient times traditional medicines and phytopharmaceuticals are being used for the treatment of inflammatory and other disorders. The present review article describes anti-inflammatory natural products derived from plants and marine sources reported during last decade. The compounds described belong to different chemical classes such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, polyphenolics, phenylpropanoids, fatty acids and lipids, and various miscellaneous compounds. The attempt is also being made to enumerate the possible leads, e.g. curcumin, resveratrol, baicalein, boswellic acid, betulinic acid, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid, for further development with the help of structure,activity relationship (SAR) studies and their current status. In addition SAR studies carried out on the anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoid compounds and clinical studies performed on anti-inflammatory natural products are also discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 5, 767,820, 2009 [source]

Demonstration of salmon farming as a net producer of fish protein and oil

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 4 2010
V.O. CRAMPTON
Abstract To date aquaculture's reliance on dietary marine sources has been calculated on a fish weight-to-weight basis without considering the absolute amounts of nutrients but this approach neglects the often considerable differences in the nutritional value of fish. We propose simple nutrient-to-nutrient-based dependency measures that take into account these nutritional differences. In the first study reported here, individually tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were reared in seawater supplied tanks with feed collection facilities. In the second, commercial net pens were used to grow over 200 000 fish. For both studies, a low marine ingredient feed containing approximately 165 g kg,1 fishmeal was compared to a control feed (approx 300 g kg,1 fishmeal) whilst fish oil inclusion was less markedly reduced. The low marine feeds supported similar growth and feed efficiency compared to the control feeds. With the low marine ingredient feeds, the weight of salmon protein and lipid produced through growth exceeded the weight of marine protein and lipid consumed by the fish meaning that salmon farming can be a net producer of fish protein and oil. The amount of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids deposited was sufficient to meet current recommendations from human health organizations. [source]