Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Mapping
Kinds of Mapping Terms modified by Mapping Selected AbstractsON THE GEOCHRONOLOGICAL METHOD VERSUS FLOW SIMULATION SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR LAHAR RISK MAPPING: A CASE STUDY OF POPOCATÉPETL VOLCANO, MEXICOGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2010ESPERANZA MUÑOZ-SALINAS ABSTRACT. Lahars are hazardous events that can cause serious damage to people who live close to volcanic areas; several were registered at different times in the last century, such as at Mt St Helens (USA) in 1980, Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) in 1985 and Mt Pinatubo (Philippines) in 1990. Risk maps are currently used by decision-makers to help them plan to mitigate the hazard-risk of lahars. Risk maps are acquired based on a series of tenets that take into account the distribution and chronology of past lahar deposits, and basically two approaches have been used: (1) The use of Flow Simulation Software (FSS), which simulates flows along channels in a Digital Elevation Model and (2) The Geochronological Method (GM), in which the mapping is based on the evaluation of lahar magnitude and frequency. This study addresses the production of a lahar risk map using the two approaches (FSS and GM) for a study area located at Popocatépetl volcano , Central Mexico. Santiago Xalitzintla, a town located on the northern flank of Popocatépetl volcano, where volcanic activity in recent centuries has triggered numerous lahars that have endangered local inhabitants, has been used for the case study. Results from FSS did not provide satisfactory findings because they were not consistent with lahar sediment observations made during fieldwork. By contrast, the GM produced results consistent with these observations, and therefore we use them to assess the hazard and produce the risk map for the study area. [source] SENSORY FLAVOR PROFILING AND MAPPING OF MARKET SAMPLES OF CUMIN (CUMINUM CYMINUM L.)JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 4 2004ANUPAMA DATTATREYA ABSTRACT Eight market samples of cumin (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8) from different regions of India were examined for sensory quality by conducting threshold tests, time-intensity (TI) profiling and flavor profiling. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to group the samples. Threshold values ranged from 0.006 to 0.017% with R7 and R8 lots showing lower values for their thresholds (0.006%). Higher intensity of aroma of R7 and R8 was further confirmed by more of a lingering aroma as shown by the TI study. Flavor profiling by quantitative descriptive analysis showed that the market samples of cumin did not differ significantly (P , 0.05). Mapping of samples using PCA technique showed, based on intensity of attributes, four distinct groups comprising a) R1 and R3, b) R7, c) R2 and R5 and d) R4 and R8. R6 occupied a position in between a and b. [source] MAPPING AND CLASSIFYING FLOW UNITS IN THE UPPER PART OF THE MID-CRETACEOUS SARVAK FORMATION (WESTERN DEZFUL EMBAYMENT, SW IRAN) BASED ON A DETEMINATION OF RESERVOIR ROCK TYPESJOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, Issue 4 2007B. Beiranvand The mid-Cretaceous Sarvak Formation, the second-most important reservoir unit in Iran, is composed mainly of grain-supported carbonates. For the purposes of this study, flow units in the upper part of the formation were identified, mapped and classified as part of an integrated reservoir characterization study at a giant oilfield in SW Iran. Pore types and geometries, pore-scale diagenetic history and core-scale depositional attributes were logged using conventional petrographic and lithological methods. The resulting data were combined with core descriptions, mercury-injection capillary pressure data, and wireline log and geophysical data to identify five reservoir rock types: (i) highly oil-stained, grain-supported carbonates, including patch reef and barrier complex deposits with high porosities and permeabilities; (ii) leeward and seaward shoal deposits including grain-supported packstones and skeletal wackestones with high porosities and permeabilities; (iii) dominantly mud-supported lagoonal and open-marine facies with fair porosity and permeability; (iv) grain-supported but highly cemented facies which had poor reservoir characteristics; and (v) calcareous shales and shaly limestones with no reservoir quality. Based on the reservoir rock types, eight flow units were recognised. Subsequently, four reservoir zones were defined based on these flow units at a field scale. This study has contributed to our understanding of flow units in this complex carbonate reservoir, and has improved our ability to characterize and model the architecture of the reservoir from pore to core to field scale. [source] EVALUATION OF REPLICATED PROJECTIVE MAPPING OF GRANOLA BARSJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 5 2010JESSICA KENNEDY ABSTRACT The application of projective mapping to quickly gather information on overall product differences provides a unique way to probe consumer perceptions and gather product information. A group of 15 consumers performed a projective mapping exercise three times on a set of eight "berry flavored" granola bars, including descriptors of the products. The projective mapping task was performed in replicates to evaluate the consistency of results obtained via this technique. Analysis of the replications by multifactor analysis indicated for the majority of consumers, that the three individual maps did not show a high degree of similarity (80% of RV coefficients < 0.5). However, consensus maps from the three replications indicated a similar group perception of the products over the replications, as depicted by hierarchical multifactor analysis. Terms collected from the maps were summarized and regressed into the product space for interpretation, both in terms of consumer criteria used to differentiate among products and identification of key product attributes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The findings from this study add to the growing knowledge on projective mapping. The results presented here aimed to substantiate the value and reliability of projective mapping when used with consumers. Although projective mapping is not a replacement for quantitative descriptive analysis, it is an efficient tool for consumer research; as well as product or category exploration which can be utilized early in the product development process. The addition of descriptors directly onto the maps by panelists makes it possible to use projective mapping as a stand-alone method by increasing the amount and interpretability of data provided by panelists. When used with consumers, projective mapping links the consumer perception of the product space with a consumer-driven lexicon. [source] FORMULATION OF A SOY,COFFEE BEVERAGE BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY AND INTERNAL PREFERENCE MAPPINGJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 2010ILANA FELBERG ABSTRACT Coffee consumers (n = 60) tasted and rated samples of a new soy,coffee beverage made from instant coffee, soymilk powder and sugar. Ingredient concentrations (independent variables) varied according to a 23central composite design for overall degree of acceptance. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), least square difference and response surface methodology, followed by internal preference mapping (IPM) with cluster analysis. ANOVA from the consumers' acceptance data revealed that samples differed significantly (P , 0.05). Although soymilk content did not influence significantly the consumers' acceptance in the tested range, IPM with cluster analysis indicated that at least part of the acceptance differences was based on the soy beverage consumption habit. The final beverage formulation was evaluated cold and hot for overall acceptability (9-point structured hedonic scale) by 112 coffee consumers and the cold beverage reached a good acceptability mean score (6.2) among the participants. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The consumption of soy products has been reported to reduce the risk of several diseases and a number of recent studies have found beneficial health properties attributed to coffee. Considering the current consumer trend for healthier alternatives in food products, we decided to combine the health benefits of these two important Brazilian commodities in a functional beverage. In order to optimize the formulation and maximize sensory acceptance, we performed consumers' tests using response surface methodology. Internal preference mapping and cluster analyses were also applied to provide information on the variability of the consumer individual opinions and segment them in groups of similar preference criteria. [source] SENSORY MAPPING OF BEERS ON SALE IN THE ITALIAN MARKETJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 1 2010G. DONADINI ABSTRACT The sensory profiles of 72 beers commercially available in Italy were described and quantified using descriptive analysis procedures. Principal component analysis indicated that nearly 74% of the variance across samples can be described by the first six principal components. Raw materials and specifically grains impart flavors that are responsible for the main source of variations and discrimination among beers of the Italian market. Second direction of variation is summarized by the perceived overall structure of a given brand and its fruity ester flavors. Although sameness seems to be the key word for pale lagers of the market as emerges from the application of multivariate techniques, this study proved to be efficient in gaining an insight into the relationships between this class of beers and its flavor characteristics and revealed some subtle but clear differences among brands which took the lion's share of the market. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The results of this study have practical implications for brewers, importers and distributors. Brewers who wish to introduce or re-position a new or existing beer brand into the Italian market can benefit from these pieces of information to improve the knowledge of the sensory structure of the beer market to better plan their industrial strategies. Moskowitz stated that mapping technique can be used by researchers "to identify which products compete with each other, as well as to discover whether or not there exist in the category unfilled holes that have promise." As competition intensifies, companies need to orientate more precisely and enhance more efficiently towards consumers' satisfaction and sensory properties of food and beverages are universally reported as determinants of product quality and acceptance. [source] PREFERENCE MAPPING OF COLOR OF URUGUAYAN HONEYSJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 5 2007ADRIANA GÁMBARO ABSTRACT The color of 30 honey samples, both from unifloral and multifloral origin, was characterized using Pfund scale and CIE L*a*b* tristimulus method. A panel of 140 consumers evaluated the color acceptability of the samples using a 9-point structured scale. The color of the samples was differentiated (P < 0.001) by both instrumental methods, which confirms the validity of using them to characterize the color of honey. Consumers showed highly significant different degrees of liking for the color of the evaluated honeys. Two clusters (cluster 2 and cluster 3) with different preference patterns were identified; one liked intermediate-colored honeys, and the other preferred dark reddish honeys. External preference mapping was used to model color acceptability for consumers in each cluster using the first two principal components of the principal component analysis of the instrumental color data. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The key finding of this study is the comparison of Pfund scale and CIE L*a*b* method to characterize the color of honey, and the relationship of instrumental color measurements and consumer preferences. Although the Pfund scale showed the highest discrimination between samples, it does not take into account the tone of the color of the samples and was not enough to the color of honeys. Preference mapping provided insight into the aspects that are important for consumers when deciding the acceptability of color in honey. Results showed that Uruguayan consumers seemed to dislike light-colored honeys. [source] DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS, CONSUMER CLUSTERS AND PREFERENCE MAPPING OF COMMERCIAL MAYONNAISE IN ARGENTINAJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 4 2002MARÍA JOSÉ SANTA CRUZ ABSTRACT The objectives of the present study were to measure the sensory profile and acceptability of 8 commercial samples of mayonnaise (4 whole fat and 4 low fat) and then to apply preference mapping to address the relationship between the descriptive and acceptability data. A total of 240 consumers were recruited in 3 Argentine cities. In each city 40 young adults and 40 older adults were recruited. Samples differed in their sensory profiles and average acceptabilities. Cluster analysis of consumers showed clear segmentation in appearance, texture, flavor and overall acceptance. Sensory acceptability segmentation was far more pronounced than age or city segmentation. Extended preference mapping showed the sensory descriptors of mayonnaise which drove the acceptability of some of the consumer clusters. [source] Interactive Global Photon MappingCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 4 2009B. Fabianowski Abstract We present a photon mapping technique capable of computing high quality global illumination at interactive frame rates. By extending the concept of photon differentials to efficiently handle diffuse reflections, we generate footprints at all photon hit points. These enable illumination reconstruction by density estimation with variable kernel bandwidths without having to locate the k nearest photon hits first. Adapting an efficient BVH construction process for ray tracing acceleration, we build photon maps that enable the fast retrieval of all hits relevant to a shading point. We present a heuristic that automatically tunes the BVH build's termination criterion to the scene and illumination conditions. As all stages of the algorithm are highly parallelizable, we demonstrate an implementation using NVidia's CUDA manycore architecture running at interactive rates on a single GPU. Both light source and camera may be freely moved with global illumination fully recalculated in each frame. [source] Ptex: Per-Face Texture Mapping for Production RenderingCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 4 2008Brent Burley Explicit parameterization of subdivision surfaces for texture mapping adds significant cost and complexity to film production. Most parameterization methods currently in use require setup effort, and none are completely general. We propose a new texture mapping method for Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces that requires no explicit parameterization. Our method, Ptex, stores a separate texture per quad face of the subdivision control mesh, along with a novel per-face adjacency map, in a single texture file per surface. Ptex uses the adjacency data to perform seamless anisotropic filtering of multi-resolution textures across surfaces of arbitrary topology. Just as importantly, Ptex requires no manual setup and scales to models of arbitrary mesh complexity and texture detail. Ptex has been successfully used to texture all of the models in an animated theatrical short and is currently being applied to an entire animated feature. Ptex has eliminated UV assignment from our studio and significantly increased the efficiency of our pipeline. [source] High-Quality Adaptive Soft Shadow MappingCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 3 2007Gaël Guennebaud Abstract The recent soft shadow mapping technique [GBP06] allows the rendering in real-time of convincing soft shadows on complex and dynamic scenes using a single shadow map. While attractive, this method suffers from shadow overestimation and becomes both expensive and approximate when dealing with large penumbrae. This paper proposes new solutions removing these limitations and hence providing an efficient and practical technique for soft shadow generation. First, we propose a new visibility computation procedure based on the detection of occluder contours, that is more accurate and faster while reducing aliasing. Secondly, we present a shadow map multi-resolution strategy keeping the computation complexity almost independent on the light size while maintaining high-quality rendering. Finally, we propose a view-dependent adaptive strategy, that automatically reduces the screen resolution in the region of large penumbrae, thus allowing us to keep very high frame rates in any situation. [source] Adaptive Logarithmic Mapping For Displaying High Contrast ScenesCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 3 2003F. Drago We propose a fast, high quality tone mapping technique to display high contrast images on devices with limited dynamicrange of luminance values. The method is based on logarithmic compression of luminance values, imitatingthe human response to light. A bias power function is introduced to adaptively vary logarithmic bases, resultingin good preservation of details and contrast. To improve contrast in dark areas, changes to the gamma correctionprocedure are proposed. Our adaptive logarithmic mapping technique is capable of producing perceptually tunedimages with high dynamic content and works at interactive speed. We demonstrate a successful application of ourtone mapping technique with a high dynamic range video player enabling to adjust optimal viewing conditions forany kind of display while taking into account user preference concerning brightness, contrast compression, anddetail reproduction. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.3 [Image Processing and Computer Vision]: Image Representation [source] Projective Texture Mapping with Full PanoramaCOMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 3 2002Dongho Kim Projective texture mapping is used to project a texture map onto scene geometry. It has been used in many applications, since it eliminates the assignment of fixed texture coordinates and provides a good method of representing synthetic images or photographs in image-based rendering. But conventional projective texture mapping has limitations in the field of view and the degree of navigation because only simple rectangular texture maps can be used. In this work, we propose the concept of panoramic projective texture mapping (PPTM). It projects cubic or cylindrical panorama onto the scene geometry. With this scheme, any polygonal geometry can receive the projection of a panoramic texture map, without using fixed texture coordinates or modeling many projective texture mapping. For fast real-time rendering, a hardware-based rendering method is also presented. Applications of PPTM include panorama viewer similar to QuicktimeVR and navigation in the panoramic scene, which can be created by image-based modeling techniques. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Viewing Algorithms; I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Color, Shading, Shadowing, and Texture [source] A static mapping heuristics to map parallel applications to heterogeneous computing systemsCONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION: PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, Issue 13 2005Ranieri Baraglia Abstract In order to minimize the execution time of a parallel application running on a heterogeneously distributed computing system, an appropriate mapping scheme is needed to allocate the application tasks to the processors. The general problem of mapping tasks to machines is a well-known NP-hard problem and several heuristics have been proposed to approximate its optimal solution. In this paper we propose a static graph-based mapping algorithm, called Heterogeneous Multi-phase Mapping (HMM), which permits suboptimal mapping of a parallel application onto a heterogeneous computing distributed system by using a local search technique together with a tabu search meta-heuristic. HMM allocates parallel tasks by exploiting the information embedded in the parallelism forms used to implement an application, and considering an affinity parameter, that identifies which machine in the heterogeneous computing system is most suitable to execute a task. We compare HMM with some leading techniques and with an exhaustive mapping algorithm. We also give an example of mapping of two real applications using HMM. Experimental results show that HMM performs well demonstrating the applicability of our approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Generalized Complementarity and Mapping of the Concepts of Systematic Conservation PlanningCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2008ATTE MOILANEN First page of article [source] Technology Forecasting: From Emotional to EmpiricalCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2001Michael S. Slocum Technology Forecasting has evolved from being a methodology based on emotional responses to one predicated on data collection. The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) is a theory based on empirical data that relates technological evolution to the same stages of biological macro-evolution. This paper will explore the major emotional forecasting methods as well as discuss part of TRIZ Technology Forecasting called Maturity Mapping. The reader will briefly be introduced to eight evolutionary trends based on TRIZ. [source] Impact of National Aquarium in Baltimore on Visitors' Conservation Attitudes, Behavior, and KnowledgeCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 1 2000LESLIE M. ADELMAN ABSTRACT This study at the National Aquarium in Baltimore (NAIB) was conducted to assess four key aspects of the visitor experience: (1) incoming conservation knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of NAIB visitors; (2) patterns of use and interaction with exhibition components throughout the NAIB; (3) exiting conservation knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of visitors; and (4) over time, how the NAIB experience altered or affected individuals' conservation knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Three hundred six visitors participated in the study, which was conducted from March through July, 1999. The study utilized four data-collection techniques: (1) face-to-face interviews, (2) Personal Meaning Mapping (PMM), (3) tracking, and (4) follow-up telephone interviews. Participants were a self-selected population and were generally more knowledgeable about, more concerned about, and more involved in conservation-related issues than the general public. However, they were far from conservationists. Visitors in this study clearly absorbed the fundamental conservation message at the NAIB. In fact, the NAIB visit appeared to focus visitors' conservation-related thoughts, while also broadening their understanding of conservation. Changes in visitors' conservation knowledge, understanding, and interests by and large persisted over six to eight weeks after visiting NAIB. The NAIB experience also connected to visitors' lives in a variety of ways following their visit. However, these personal experiences rarely resulted in new conservation actions. In fact, their enthusiasm and emotional commitment to conservation (inspired during the NAIB visit) generally fell back to original levels, presumably in the absence of reinforcing experiences. The findings of this study are guiding subsequent investigations at the NAIB. More generally, the results suggest strategies to enhance current understanding of the impact free-choice learning institutions have on their visiting public. [source] Botanical richness and endemicity patterns of Borneo derived from species distribution modelsECOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2009Niels Raes This study provides a Borneo-wide, quantitative assessment of botanical richness and endemicity at a high spatial resolution, and based on actual collection data. To overcome the bias in collection effort, and to be able to predict the presence and absence of species, even for areas where no collections have been made, we constructed species distribution models (SDMs) for all species taxonomically revised in Flora Malesiana. Species richness and endemicity maps were based on 1439 significant SDMs. Mapping of the residuals of the richness-endemicity relationship identified areas with higher levels of endemicity than can be expected on the basis of species richness, the endemicity hotspots. We were able to identify one previously unknown region of high diversity, the high mountain peaks of East Kalimantan; and two additional endemicity hotspots, the Müller Mountains and the Sangkulirang peninsula. The areas of high diversity and endemicity were characterized by a relatively small range in annual temperature, but with seasonality in temperatures within that range. Furthermore, these areas were least affected by El Niño Southern Oscillation drought events. The endemicity hotspots were found in areas, which were ecologically distinct in altitude, edaphic conditions, annual precipitation, or a combination of these factors. These results can be used to guide conservation efforts of the highly threatened forests of Borneo. [source] Risk Mapping and Key Risk Indicators in Operational Risk ManagementECONOMIC NOTES, Issue 2 2005Sergio Scandizzo In this article I describe a methodology for the mapping of Operational Risk with the objective of identifying the risks inherent in the different steps of a business process, selecting a set of variables providing an estimate for the likelihood and the severity of operational risk (Key Risk Indicators , KRIs) and designing the most appropriate control activities. I then present two examples of how the methodology described can be applied to map risks and of how a set of relevant KRIs can be identified in the front office of a trading business and in the back office of a lending business. Finally, I discuss how the information conveyed by the KRIs can be organised and summarised in order to provide a comprehensive look at the risk profile of the various business lines. The structured presentation of KRIs covering the business processes of a bank is what we call an Operational Risk Scorecard. [source] An Investigation of Alternative Methods for Item Mapping in the National Assessment of Educational ProgressEDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT: ISSUES AND PRACTICE, Issue 2 2001Rebecca Zwick What is item mapping and how does it aid test score interpretation? Which item mapping technique produces the most consistent results and most closely matches expert opinion? [source] Fast Mapping of Gunshot Residues by Batch Injection Analysis with Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Lead at the Hanging Mercury Drop ElectrodeELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 2 2005Adriana De, Donato Abstract The forensic analysis of lead in gunshot residues (GSR) sampled on the hands of potential shooters is rendered faster, simpler and less expensive by a new batch injection analysis (BIA) method, based on differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). A simple "J" shaped adaptor was designed to direct the flux of the analyte injected with a micropipettor onto the hanging mercury drop electrode of any commercial electrode stand. Sampling methods for GSR were compared and lifting with adhesive tape was elected for field use. The tapes are glued on polyethylene screens and stored in capped vials. Sampling with multiple strips provides coarse mapping of the distribution of lead on the shooter's hands. After a dissolution/extraction step with chloroform/aqueous 0.10,mol,L,1 HCl, 100,,L of the aqueous phase are injected during 25,s for accumulation of lead on the HMDE at ,0.60,V (vs. Ag/AgCl). A detection limit of 20,ng/mL of Pb(II), outreaching for GSR analysis, is reached without oxygen removal, at a frequency of 20 injections per hour. Results for sequences of shootings with a revolver and a pistol are presented. [source] Automated normalized FLAIR imaging in MRI-negative patients with refractory focal epilepsyEPILEPSIA, Issue 6 2009Niels K. Focke Summary Background:, Patients with focal epilepsy that is refractory to medical treatment are often considered candidates for resective surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a very important role in the presurgical work-up of these patients, but is unremarkable in about one-third of cases. These patients are often deferred from surgery or have a less positive outcome if surgery is eventually undertaken. The aim of this study was to evaluate our recently described voxel-based technique using routine T2-FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery) scans in MRI-negative patients and to compare the results with video-EEG (electroencephalography) telemetry (VT) findings. Methods:, We identified 70 epilepsy patients with refractory focal seizures who underwent VT and had a normal routine MRI. T2-FLAIR scans were bias-corrected, and intensity and spatially normalized (nFSI) using Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 (SPM5) as previously described. Individual scans were then compared against a set of 25 normal controls using a voxel-based method. Results:, SPM5 identified 10 patients with suprathreshold clusters (14.3%). In 50% of these there was concordance between the lobe of the most significant cluster and the presumed lobe of seizure onset, as defined by VT. All cases were concordant with respect to lateralization of the putative focus. Conclusion:, Using nFSI we identified focal structural cerebral abnormalities in 11.4% of patients with refractory focal seizures, and normal conventional MRI, that were fully or partially concordant with scalp VT. This voxel-based analysis of FLAIR scans, which are widely available, could provide a useful tool in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients. Ongoing work is to compare these imaging findings with the results of intracranial EEG and histology of surgical resections. [source] Mapping the information resources available to patients with colorectal cancerEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 4 2010S.J. KING phd KING S.J., LIVINGSTON P.M., TURNER L., BYRNE K., JOHN M., SIDWELL J. & SCOTT C. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care Mapping the information resources available to patients with colorectal cancer The objectives of this study were to identify gaps in information provision along the colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment pathway as provided by health services within the North Eastern Metropolitan Integrated Cancer Service in Victoria Australia; to evaluate the information and recommend consistent, high quality health information resources; and to recommend strategies to improve delivery of patient information. A random sample of health professionals (n= 47) from various disciplines at eight health service sites participated in semi-structured interviews regarding the types of information they provided to CRC patients. Information items were mapped against a published CRC patient management framework and evaluated. A total of 193 information items were collected with 24 items specific to CRC. Gaps in information provision were evident in the community, at diagnosis, in clinics, when treatment was determined and when completed. The quality of information delivery to CRC patients across the public health sites was variable. Resources were often unavailable, out of date and inaccessible in other languages. Results indicate a need to improve health information availability and resource delivery to all CRC patients across different health services particularly at diagnosis and after treatment. Further research is required to determine patient preferences for information about CRC. [source] Wayfinding Behavior, Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial Processes Reginald G. Golledge, ed.EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 5 20001999., Baltimore & London, The Johns Hopkins University Press No abstract is available for this article. [source] Quantitative Chemical Mapping of Relevant Trace Elements at Biomaterials/Biological Media Interfaces by Ion Beam MethodsADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 7 2010Edouard Jallot The definition of biomaterial as proposed by the European Society for Biomaterials in 1986 puts forward the overall importance of the notion of contact between the biomaterial and biological medium (cell, tissue, fluid,,). The underlying concept of biocompatibility makes the interface between biomaterial and biological medium a privileged zone of interest. In this paper, we would like to give an exhaustive view of how ion beams techniques can contribute to a better understanding of such interface taking several examples dealing with bone tissue substitution. After a short presentation of ion beams techniques the paper will focus on PIXE/RBS spectroscopies and will give the basics of these coupled technique. Three examples will then be presented to illustrate the interest of these techniques to study biomaterials/biological interactions. The first example deals with metallic alloys based joint prostheses. The ionic release from the prosthesis and the wear behavior of total knee prostheses will be presented. In the last two examples, bioactive materials will be studied. The common characteristic of bioactive ceramics is the kinetic modification of their surface upon interaction which is ideally monitored by PIXE chemical mapping. The second example will review the benefit of using PIXE/RBS technique to study the effect of doping of bioactive glasses on the very first steps involved in the bioactivity mechanisms like dissolution, ionic release, and biomineralization onto the surface of the glasses. Finally, protein delivery systems based upon mesoporous hydroxyapatites will be studied. Chemical mapping allowing the quantitative determination of protein distribution inside the HAp grains will be presented for the first time. [source] The Identity of European Law: Mapping Out the European Legal SpaceEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 2 2000Christopher Harding The main purpose of this discussion is to supply some content to the concept of the ,European legal space' at the turn of the twentieth century. The term ,legal space' is used in preference to ,legal system' or ,systems' in order to convey a sense of the complex, non-hierarchical, overlapping, interlocking and evolutionary character of contemporary European legal phenomena. A number of evident legal orders may be identified within the overall European space: those of the EC, the EU, the EEA, the Council of Europe and the OSCE, although to refer to some of these as ,orders' may be misleading, by implying too much in terms of a centrally determined structure. It is also possible to point to less evident legal ordering, such as the process of norm exportation contained in the Europe Agreements concluded between the EU and individual non-Member States, or the kind of order resulting from transatlantic co-operation in fields such as criminal justice (which also challenges the description of ,European'). In juristic terms, the argument here confronts the primacy traditionally accorded to the sovereign state in the field of law-making, and draws upon two non-juridical models of analysis: that of multi-level governance, as used by political scientists to indicate a shift away from the exclusive authority and legitimacy claimed by sovereign states; and the biological model of catalytic closure, used to indicate evolution through a process of spontaneous reactions within a body. Both models may be usefully employed to probe the dynamics of European legal ordering at the close of the Twentieth Century. [source] Measuring the Plastic Zone Size by Orientation Gradient Mapping (OGM) and Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging (ECCI)ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 1-2 2007T. Welsch Abstract For the local investigation of plastic deformation mechanisms non-destructive methods are needed to image the distribution of dislocations and to measure dislocation densities. Additionally these methods should be usable in situ. Therefore the well known methods EBSD and ECCI are improved by an appropriate processing of the measured data. The resulting two new techniques OGM and ECCI-plus are validated in detail for two complex sets of experiments. Both techniques are used to image plastic deformation zones and to measure the size of plastic zones on a macro scale (hardness indents) as well as on a micro scale (crack tips) as demonstrated in this paper. Additionally OGM gives even quantitative data of the degree of deformation. The capability of both methods is discussed in detail and it is shown that they are independent from the topography which is critically surveyed. [source] Mapping of the 45M1 epitope to the C-terminal cysteine-rich part of the human MUC5AC mucinFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008Martin E. Lidell Mucins are large glycoproteins protecting mucosal surfaces throughout the body. Their expressions are tissue-specific, but in disease states such as cystic fibrosis, inflammation and cancer, this specificity can be disturbed. MUC5AC is normally expressed in the mucous cells of the epithelia lining the stomach and the trachea, where it constitutes a major component of the gastric and respiratory mucus. A number of mAbs have been raised against the gastric M1 antigen, an early marker for colonic carcinogenesis. Several of these mAbs recognize epitopes present on MUC5AC, suggesting that MUC5AC is the antigen. However, some of the mAbs raised against the gastric M1 antigen are widely used as antibodies against MUC5AC, despite the fact that their specificity for MUC5AC has not been clearly shown. In this study, we have tested the reactivity of the latter antibodies against a recombinantly expressed C-terminal cysteine-rich part of human MUC5AC. We demonstrate for the first time that the widely used mAb 45M1, as well as 2-12M1 and 166M1, are true antibodies against MUC5AC, with epitopes located in the C-terminal cysteine-rich part of the mucin. [source] Mapping of the active site of glutamate carboxypeptidase II by site-directed mutagenesisFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 18 2007Petra Ml, ochová Human glutamate carboxypeptidase II [GCPII (EC 3.4.17.21)] is recognized as a promising pharmacological target for the treatment and imaging of various pathologies, including neurological disorders and prostate cancer. Recently reported crystal structures of GCPII provide structural insight into the organization of the substrate binding cavity and highlight residues implicated in substrate/inhibitor binding in the S1, site of the enzyme. To complement and extend the structural studies, we constructed a model of GCPII in complex with its substrate, N -acetyl- l -aspartyl- l -glutamate, which enabled us to predict additional amino acid residues interacting with the bound substrate, and used site-directed mutagenesis to assess the contribution of individual residues for substrate/inhibitor binding and enzymatic activity of GCPII. We prepared and characterized 12 GCPII mutants targeting the amino acids in the vicinity of substrate/inhibitor binding pockets. The experimental results, together with the molecular modeling, suggest that the amino acid residues delineating the S1, pocket of the enzyme (namely Arg210) contribute primarily to the high affinity binding of GCPII substrates/inhibitors, whereas the residues forming the S1 pocket might be more important for the ,fine-tuning' of GCPII substrate specificity. [source] Identification of domains on the extrinsic 23 kDa protein possibly involved in electrostatic interaction with the extrinsic 33 kDa protein in spinach photosystem IIFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 5 2004Akihiko Tohri To elucidate the domains on the extrinsic 23 kDa protein involved in electrostatic interaction with the extrinsic 33 kDa protein in spinach photosystem II, we modified amino or carboxyl groups of the 23 kDa protein to uncharged methyl ester groups with N -succinimidyl propionate or glycine methyl ester in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide, respectively. The N -succinimidyl propionate-modified 23 kDa protein did not bind to the 33 kDa protein associated with PSII membranes, whereas the glycine methyl ester-modified 23 kDa protein completely bound. This indicates that positive charges on the 23 kDa protein are important for electrostatic interaction with the 33 kDa protein associated with the PSII membranes. Mapping of the N -succinimidyl propionate-modified sites of the 23 kDa protein was performed using Staphylococcus V8 protease digestion of the modified protein followed by determination of the mass of the resultant peptide fragments with MALDI-TOF MS. The results showed that six domains (Lys11,Lys14, Lys27,Lys38, Lys40, Lys90,Lys96, Lys143,Lys152, Lys166,Lys174) were modified with N -succinimidyl propionate. In these domains, Lys11, Lys13, Lys33, Lys38, Lys143, Lys166, Lys170 and Lys174 were wholly conserved in the 23 kDa protein from 12 species of higher plants. These positively charged lysyl residues on the 23 kDa protein may be involved in electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged carboxyl groups on the 33 kDa protein, the latter has been suggested to be important for the 23 kDa binding [Bricker, T.M. & Frankel, L.K. (2003) Biochemistry42, 2056,2061]. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||