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Many Persons (many + person)
Selected AbstractsResilience in the face of potential trauma: Clinical practices and illustrationsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2006Anthony D. Mancini Many persons exposed to loss or potentially traumatic events manage the stresses of these experiences with minimal to no impact on their daily functioning. The prevalence of this resilient capacity has surprised researchers and clinicians alike and refocused clinical practice. We review three key points about resilience: resilience is different from the process of recovery; resilience in the face of loss or potential trauma is common; and there are multiple and sometimes unexpected pathways to resilience. We then present six clinical practices informed by the study of resilience, illustrating key points with clinical vignettes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 971,985, 2006. [source] Asbestos fiber concentration in the area surrounding a former asbestos cement plant and excess mesothelioma deaths in residentsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 10 2009Shinji Kumagai D Eng Abstract Background Many persons who had lived near a former asbestos cement plant (AC plant) died from mesothelioma in Amagasaki city, Japan. Methods Asbestos fiber concentration in the area surrounding the AC plant was estimated so that the female mesothelioma death number predicted by a mathematical model was the same as the observed excess death number. We used the estimated asbestos fiber concentration to predict the excess mesothelioma deaths from 1970 to 2049. Results In a grid just south of the AC plant, the fiber concentration was estimated to be more than 3,f/ml for KM (asbestos potency factor for mesothelioma) of 7.75,×,10,9. An uncertainty factor of five yields a KM range 1.55,×,10,9 to 38.8,×,10,9; these in turn correspond to fiber concentrations of 15 and 0.6,f/ml. For KM,=,7.75,×,10,9, grid units with higher fiber concentrations than 0.01,f/ml were estimated to extend 4.1,km (95% CI: 3.8,4.4,km) south-southwest of the plant. Over the 80-year study period (1970 to 2049), we predicted that the exposure under study will cause 346 excess mesothelioma deaths with range of 296 to 382 deaths. Conclusions This prediction suggests that considerable medical resources will be needed through 2049 as a result of past asbestos exposure in this region. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:790,798, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Development of an oxide semiconductor thick film gas sensor for the detection of total volatile organic compoundsELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN, Issue 10 2010Masahiro Kadosaki Abstract Since the amendment of the Building Standards Law in 2003, the installation of ventilators is compulsory in newly built houses, because many persons suffer from indoor air pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The goal of this research is to develop a gas sensor that can monitor the total VOC (TVOC) gases indoors and then to control the ventilator efficiently using the sensor. In order to develop a sensor that detects TVOC, the responses of four oxide semiconductor materials to 37 different VOC gases were studied. These materials showed small responses to halogenated and aliphatic hydrocarbon gases. As a result of improving the response to these gases, among four metal oxides examined, SnO2 and WO3 showed high sensitivities by the addition of Pd and Pt. The sensing properties of SnO2 for halogenated hydrocarbon gases were greatly improved by the addition of 0.5 wt% Pd. The sensing properties of SnO2 for aliphatic hydrocarbon gases were improved by the addition of 0.7 wt% Pt. In addition, a sensor element with the addition of both platinum and palladium, that is, Pt (0.5 wt%)-Pd (0.5 wt%)-SnO2, showed a large response to many of the VOC gases examined. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(10): 34,41, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10190 [source] Growing Disability Rates , the Gender Issue: The Dutch Case in an International PerspectiveINTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY REVIEW, Issue 1 2005Marcel Einerhand In the Netherlands, with its remarkably high disability rates, a new phenomenon seems to be emerging. Growing disability rates in the past few years have been exclusively caused by the growing inflow of women into the disability schemes. Comparing the Dutch situation internationally shows that roughly the same problem seems to exist in those countries in which there is a more general problem of large inflow into disability. Women are overrepresented in these arrangements. The Dutch literature shows that there are many factors (both work- and non-work-related) that contribute to a larger push of women towards disability. We conclude that the benefit system can be seen as a sort of "filter". If the filter is weak, many persons will enter disability. If the pressure on women to enter is larger (or the forces to stop women from entering disability smaller), then inflow risks for women will be higher. [source] Management of Noncancer Pain in Community-Dwelling Persons with DementiaJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 12 2006Joseph W. Shega MD OBJECTIVES: To explore the pharmacological treatment of noncancer pain in persons with dementia and identify predictors associated with insufficient analgesia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of an observational cohort study. SETTING: Academic outpatient geriatric clinic in Chicago, Illinois. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 115 dyads, mostly African American, consisting of community-dwelling persons with dementia and their caregivers. MEASUREMENTS: Patient report of demographics, noncancer pain, function, cognition, and depression. Caregiver report of patient agitation and over-the-counter and prescription medications. RESULTS: Sixty-two of 115 (54%) patients reported pain "on an average day." The caregivers of more than half of persons with dementia who reported pain "on an average day" did not report analgesic use. The majority of caregivers who reported analgesic use reported that patients took a World Health Organization Class I medication. No patients had been prescribed a Class III (strong opioid) drug. Fifty-three of 115 (46%) patients had potentially insufficient analgesia. In the logistic regression, insufficient analgesia was associated with greater age, Mini-Mental State Examination score of less than 10, and impairment in daily functioning. Insufficient analgesia was 1.07 times as likely (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.01,1.14) for each additional year of age, 3.0 times as likely (95% CI=1.05,9.10) if the subject had advanced dementia, and 2.5 times as likely (95% CI=1.01,6.25) if the patient had any impairment in activities of daily living. CONCLUSION: In this convenience sample from a geriatric clinic, many persons with dementia and noncancer pain were not receiving pharmacological treatment. Those at greatest risk for insufficient analgesia were older, had moderate to severe dementia, and experienced impairments in activities of daily living. [source] Impact of Terminal Digit Preference by Family Physicians and Sphygmomanometer Calibration Errors on Blood Pressure Value: Implication for Hypertension ScreeningJOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION, Issue 5 2008Theophile Niyonsenga PhD The accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurement is important; systematic small errors can mislabel BP status in many persons. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of 2 types of measurement errors on the evaluation of BP in family medicine: errors associated with terminal digit preference and those associated with calibration errors of sphygmomanometers. Secondary data analyses from 2 different projects were used to derive empiric distributions of terminal digit and BP device errors. Taking into account both types of errors, the proportion of false positives (falsely high BP) and false negatives (falsely normal BP) varied between 0. 82% and 5.18% of the population of consulting family physicians. In the United States, false positives and false negatives in patients' BP evaluations might lead to overtreating or undertreating 1.15 million to 7.25 million patients. Results support the need for the development of systematic interventions for quality control of BP measurements and periodic retraining for health professionals. [source] Post-stroke fatigue: qualitative study of three focus groupsOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2010Nancy A. Flinn Abstract Fatigue affects many persons after cerebrovascular accident, particularly those with mild stroke. A qualitative methodology using focus groups with 19 community-living post-stroke survivors was utilized to explore the occupational impact of fatigue as communicated by the participants. Although self-report of a small sample of the United States' post-stroke population will have limitations in generalizability, this study identifies specific health-related quality of life issues that can occur with post-stroke fatigue. The participants felt unprepared for the fatigue phenomenon and struggled to adapt, with fatigue having a debilitating influence upon daily occupational performance and roles, including social participation, return to work, driving, reading and sleeping. The participants indicated that exercise (such as walking and water aerobics) and use of assistive technology were helpful strategies in reducing fatigue. The occupational performance and role impact identified by participants in this study can inform the design of effective occupational therapy interventions and further quantitative study of persons with post-stroke fatigue. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] New Directions for Health Insurance Design: Implications for Public Health Policy and PracticeTHE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS, Issue 2003Sara Rosenbaum ABSTRACT National attention on issues of public health preparedness necessarily brings into sharp focus the question of how to assure adequate, community-wide health care financing for preventive, acute care, and long-term medical care responses to public health threats. In the U.S., public and private health insurance represents the principal means by which medical care is financed. Beyond the threshold challenge of the many persons without any, or a stable form of, coverage lie challenges related to the structure and characteristics of health insurance itself, particularly the commercial industry and its newly emerging market of consumer-driven health plans. States vary significantly in how they approach the regulation of insurance and in their willingness to support various types of insurance markets. This variation is attributable to the size and robustness of the insurance market, the political environment, and regulatory tradition and custom. Reconciling health insurance markets with public health-related health care financing needs arising from public health threats should be viewed as a major dimension of national health reform. [source] | ||||||||||