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Many Industries (many + industry)
Selected AbstractsThe Influence of Magnetic Fields on the Mechanical Behaviour of Granular Materials Used for Foundry Moulding: Numerical and Experimental Analysis,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 8 2006P.-M. Geffroy Understanding the mechanical behaviour of granular materials is of financial importance in many industries, including the geotechnical [1], pharmaceutical and foundry sectors. In the latter, granular materials are used as mould elements for lost foam (sand) and magnetic moulding (steel shot) processes. This study focuses on optimising mould geometry and magnetic field characteristics (intensity and orientation) to obtain the desired dimensions of the final product. [source] A Multi-Theoretical Model of Knowledge Transfer in Organizations: Determinants of Knowledge Contribution and Knowledge Reuse*JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 2 2006Sharon Watson abstract Knowledge has become one of the most important sources of competitive advantage for firms in many industries, particularly those in which firms provide knowledge services to their clients. Many knowledge intensive firms have spent enormous amounts of time and money trying to find ways to better manage their knowledge resources. Effective leveraging of knowledge resources through the transfer and reuse of existing knowledge is an important aspect of most knowledge management systems. In this study we argue that the effectiveness of intrafirm knowledge transfer based on the reuse of existing knowledge depends on two key factors: (1) the willingness of individuals to contribute their knowledge to the system; and (2) the rate at which individuals access and reuse knowledge within the system. Here we use social exchange theory to develop a model of the factors that will impact the frequency with which individuals contribute their knowledge to the system. Additionally, we use expectancy theory to develop a model of the factors that lead to knowledge reuse. Results of hypothesis tests using data collected from a multinational services firm support our multi-theoretical model, and suggest ways in which the model might be refined. We discuss the implications of these findings for further theory building and for managers engaged in the development and improvement of knowledge management systems. [source] Collaborative Value Analysis: Experiences from the Automotive IndustryJOURNAL OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2000Janet L. Hartley SUMMARY As the nature of competition shifts to a supply chain focus, effectively leveraging suppliers' technical expertise is becoming essential to market success in many industries. Some organizations are using a time-proven technique, value analysis (VA), to leverage their suppliers' technical expertise. This study reports the benefits and challenges of supplier involvement in VA based on the experiences of four first-tier automotive suppliers. When suppliers are involved in VA, many ideas can be developed and trust can increase, both of which strengthen buyer-supplier partnerships. Unfortunately, reluctance to share cost data, lack of engineering resources, and failure to obtain customer approval are barriers to VA implementation. Several practices can be used to overcome these barriers. [source] Why do gas prices vary, or towards understanding the micro-structure of competitionMANAGERIAL AND DECISION ECONOMICS, Issue 4-5 2002Philip Bromiley Strategic management work on competition considers industry segments or industries for the most part. We argue that real competition occurs at much lower levels of aggregation in many industries: what we term the micro-structure of competition. Micro-structures arise from boundedly rational firms searching imperfectly for business opportunities and boundedly rational consumers searching in a behaviorally determined manner for products and services. This paper lays out the basics of the micro-structural approach to competitive analysis and presents initial propositions from that approach. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Selective ultrasound-assisted extractions of lipophilic constituents from Betula alleghaniensis and B. papyrifera wood at low temperaturesPHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2007J.-M. Lavoie Abstract Betula alleghaniensis and B. papyrifera are widely distributed in the province of Québec (Canada) and, since these trees are valuable exports for the local lumber industry, large amounts of their residual ligneous biomass are available for further exploitation. Betula species are well known for their significant concentrations of triterpenes, some of which were recently discovered to present promising bioactivity. The secondary transformation of birch biomass could therefore become important for many industries, particularly the pharmaceutical industry. In the present study, extracts from birch sawdust were obtained using an optimised ultrasound-assisted extraction in which the careful choice of temperature permitted a selective extraction of the targeted triterpenes. Moreover, compared with the classical Soxhlet method, higher extraction yields were obtained in a shorter time. The lipophilic extracts obtained using dichloromethane as a solvent were analysed by GC-MS and the major compounds identified as lupane-type cyclic triterpenoids accompanied by the non-cyclic triterpene squalene. Numerous aliphatic long-chain fatty acids were also found in the extracts together with phytosterols. Betulonic acid and squalene, the major extract constituents for both B. alleghaniensis and B. papyrifera, are both bioactive molecules. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] VALUE CONTENT AND PRODUCTION NETWORKS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: APPLICATION OF AFTA AND ASEAN-PLUS-ONE FTA FORMULASTHE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, Issue 2 2009Ikuo KUROIWA C67; F15; L60 Rules of origin are an integral part of all trade rules. To be eligible for Common Effective Preferential Tariffs under the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) agreement, a product must satisfy the conditions relative to value content. The present paper seeks to calculate value content of industries in Southeast Asia, using the formula specified by the rules of origin in AFTA, the ASEAN,China FTA, the ASEAN,Korea FTA, and the ASEAN,Japan FTA. Moreover, the paper attempts to calculate true value content of industries by applying a simple technique of input,output analysis, and to estimate error margins (i.e., overestimates) in calculating value content. The paper also examines the relationship between value content and production networks. The paper finds that many industries exhibited declines in local content during the period 1990,2000, but that the geographical spread of production networks raised the proportion of inputs supplied by the neighboring ASEAN countries, so that the contribution of the cumulative rule of origin increased. [source] DESIGNING A MARKET STRUCTURE WHEN FIRMS COMPETE FOR THE RIGHT TO SERVE THE MARKET,THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2005Michel Mougeot In many industries, a regulator designs an auction to select ex-ante the firms that compete ex-post on the product market. This paper considers the optimal market structure when firms incur sunk costs before entering the market and when the government is not able to regulate firms in the market. We prove that a free entry equilibrium results in an excessive entry when the entry costs are private information. Then, we consider an auction mechanism selecting the firms allowed to serve the market and show that the optimal number of licences results in the socially optimal market structure. When all the potential candidates are actual bidders, the optimal number of firms in the market increases with the number of candidates and decreases with the social cost of public funds. When the market size is small, as the net profit in the market decreases with the number of selected firms, entry is endogenous. As increasing competition in the market reduces competition for the market, the optimal structure is more concentrated than in the previous case. [source] A Model of Supplier Integration into New Product Development*THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2003Kenneth J. Petersen In many industries, firms are looking for ways to cut concept-to-customer development time, to improve quality, and to reduce the cost of new products. One approach shown to be successful in Japanese organizations involves the integration of material suppliers early in the new product development cycle. This involvement may range from simple consultation with suppliers on design ideas to making suppliers fully responsible for the design of components or systems they will supply. While prior research shows the benefit of using this approach, execution remains a problem. The processes for identifying and integrating suppliers into the new product development (NPD) process in North American organizations are not understood well. This problem is compounded by the fact that design team members often are reluctant to listen to the technology and cost ideas made by suppliers in new product development efforts. We suggest a model of the key activities required for successful supplier integration into NPD projects, based on case studies with 17 Japanese and American manufacturing organizations. The model is validated using data from a survey of purchasing executives in global corporations with at least one successful and one unsuccessful supplier integration experience. The results suggest that (1) increased knowledge of a supplier is more likely to result in greater information sharing and involvement of the supplier in the product development process; (2) sharing of technology information results in higher levels of supplier involvement and improved outcomes; (3) supplier involvement on teams generally results in a higher achievement of NPD team goals; (4) in cases when technology uncertainty is present, suppliers and buyers are more likely to share information on NPD teams; and (5) the problems associated with technology uncertainty can be mitigated by greater use of technology sharing and direct supplier participation on new product development teams. A supplier's participation as a true member of a new product development team seems to result in the highest level of benefits, especially in cases when a technology is in its formative stages. [source] How warm is the corporate response to climate change?BUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Issue 1 2008Evidence from Pakistan, the UK Abstract In response to growing consensus among scientists and governments to act fast to avoid dangerous impacts of climate change, many industries have started to prepare for a carbon-constrained world. However, this response is far from being uniform. Often action is predicated on economic, technological, organizational and institutional drivers and barriers, which vary between countries and across industrial sectors. In order to understand the effectiveness of industry response, it is therefore important to analyse corporate response across different sectors in different countries. Focusing on the nine most energy-intensive and greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting industrial sectors, this paper compares corporate responses to climate change in Pakistan and the UK. By analysing the divergence of strategies adopted by industries across different sectors in two countries, the paper examines the key factors influencing corporate adoption and implementation of GHG reduction and energy-efficiency strategies in Pakistan and the UK. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] | |||||||||||||