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Many Different Factors (many + different_factor)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

The clinically related predictors of dental fear in Taiwanese children

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 6 2008
CHEN-YI LEE
Background. Dental fear has been singled out as one of the most troublesome problems facing paediatric dentistry today. Children with dental fear may avoid visiting dentists; therefore, their oral health protection is often compromised. However, the aetiology of dental fear is still not entirely understood. Objective. This study investigated the dental visiting habit, the previous dental experiences, the conditioning pathway, and the clinically related predictors of dental fear in children. Design., The dental history of 247 children (2,10 years old) was obtained when they came to a dental clinic for treatment. The level of dental fear in these children was assessed using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule,Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Observers rated the clinically anxious responses and uncooperative behaviour towards dental treatment in these children. Three stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of CFSS-DS score, clinically anxious responses, and uncooperative behaviour of children, respectively. Results. We found that the CFSS-DS score and clinical anxiety have different predictors, but age , 3.99 years old and cooperativeness in the first dental visit were important predictors for both the CFSS-DS score and the clinical anxiety. Furthermore, the other predictors of the CFSS-DS score were maternal dental fear, unbearable pain during the first dental visit, and visiting dentists in a regular dental clinic; the other predictors of clinical anxiety were first-born, regular dentist, and CFSS-DS score. Finally, the only significant predictor for uncooperative behaviour was clinical anxiety. Conclusion. Children's dental fear and their anxious response during dental treatment were dynamic processes that consisted of many different factors. The direct conditioning of subjective experience of pain was more important than the objective pathway of child dental fear, and the indirect conditioning does not seem influential in this study sample. [source]

Understanding Offenders' Compliance: A Case Study of Electronically Monitored Curfew Orders

JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 2 2009
Anthea Hucklesby
The focus of this paper is on offenders' compliance, which is an important but largely neglected area of criminal justice. The paper draws on an empirical study of offenders' compliance with electronically monitored curfew orders with the aim of elucidating theories of compliance. Electronic monitoring is used as a case study to illustrate some of the factors which influence offenders' compliance. One of the main strengths of electronic monitoring is the certainty and speed at which non-compliance can be detected and, as expected, instrumental compliance was found to be important. Nonetheless, the paper suggests that the reasons why offenders comply or fail to comply are complex and interrelated and encompass many different factors including procedural justice, individual motivation, and attachments to significant others. The implications of these findings for compliance theories and community sentence policy are explored. [source]

Current diagnostic approaches to invasive candidiasis in critical care settings

MYCOSES, Issue 5 2010
Javier Pemán
Summary For the specialist, the management of invasive candidiasis infections, from diagnosis to selection of the therapeutic protocol, is often a challenge. Although early diagnosis and treatment are associated with a better prognosis, apart from cases with positive blood cultures or fluid/tissue biopsy, diagnosis is neither sensitive nor specific, relying on many different factors, clinical and laboratory findings but there is certainly a need for the specific markers in this disease. Recently, new serodiagnostic assays as Candida albicans germ-tube antibodies or (1,3)-,- d -glucan detection and molecular techniques for the detection of fungal-specific DNA have been developed with controversial results in critical care setting. One of the main features in diagnosis is the evaluation of risk factor for infection, which will identify patients in need of preemptive or empirical treatment. Clinical scores were built from those risk factors. For these reasons, an approach to the new diagnosis tools in the clinical mycology laboratory and an analysis of the new prediction rules and its application situations has been made. Currently, the combination of prediction rules and non-culture microbiological tools could be the clue for improving the diagnosis and prognosis of invasive fungal infections in critically ill patients. [source]

Cysteinyl leukotrienes as common mediators of asthma and allergic disease

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY REVIEWS, Issue 2 2003
S-E. Dahlén
Summary The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) induce a number of pro-inflammatory effects including smooth muscle contraction, an increase in blood flow, plasma exudation, mucous secretion, and activation of inflammatory cells. They play a key role in asthma and allergy, and can be recovered from different body fluids (e.g. bronchoaleveolar or nasal lavage and urine) during allergen-induced hypersensitivity reactions. The advent of antileukotriene agents (i.e. leukotriene receptor antagonists or leukotriene synthesis inhibitors) has helped clarify how the different mechanisms contribute to inflammation, as well as offer new treatment options for both asthma and allergy. It is now clear that the release of leukotrienes is the final common path for the many different factors causing airway obstruction and inflammation. In asthma, clinical studies have shown that treatment with antileukotrienes can improve pulmonary function, alleviate symptoms, reduce asthma exacerbations, and decrease the need for bronchodilator therapy. Similarly, in patients with allergic rhinitis, improvements have been seen in nasal symptoms, eye symptoms and quality of life. Antileukotrienes provide a new opportunity for simultaneous management of allergic diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and are a rational treatment approach to the concept of ,one airway' disease. In future, their utility may also extend to inflammatory disorders of other organ systems (e.g. skin). [source]