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Many Changes (many + change)
Selected AbstractsFamilies and family study in international perspectiveJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 5 2004Bert N. Adams Many changes are occurring in the world's families. Some observers feel that the changes are destructive, whereas others see them as leading to new opportunities and understanding. Issues in international family studies include regional limitations and the various aspects of doing research cross-culturally. Knowledge regarding certain categories of families, inheritance, and the social psychology of families is incomplete. There are, however, some universals and universal or worldwide changes, including movement toward individual partner choice, more divorces, lower fertility, and greater opportunities for women. [source] Vegetation change in a man-made salt marsh affected by a reduction in both grazing and drainageAPPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE, Issue 1 2002Peter Esselink Abstract. In order to restore natural salt marsh in a 460-ha nature reserve established in man-made salt marsh in the Dollard estuary, The Netherlands, the artificial drainage system was neglected and cattle grazing reduced. Vegetation changes were traced through two vegetation surveys and monitoring of permanent plots over 15 yr after the management had been changed. Exclosure experiments were started to distinguish grazing effects from effects of increased soil waterlogging caused by the neglect of the drainage system. Both vegetation surveys and permanent plots demonstrated a dichotomy in vegetation succession. The incidence of secondary pioneer vegetation dominated by Salicornia spp. and Suaeda maritima increased from 0 to 20%, whereas the late-successional (Phragmites australis) vegetation from 10 to 15%. Grazing intensity decreased towards the sea. The grazed area contracted landward, which allowed vegetation dominated by tall species to increase seaward. Grazing and increased waterlogging interacted in several ways. The impact of trampling increased, and in the intensively grazed parts soil salinity increased. This can probably be explained by low vegetation cover in spring. Framework Ordination, an indirect-gradient-analysis technique, was used to infer the importance of environmental factors in influencing changes in species composition. Many changes were positively or negatively correlated with soil aeration and soil salinity, whereas elevation was of minor importance. Grazing accounted for only a few changes in species frequency. Changes in permanent plots were greater during the first than during the second half of the study period. In exclosures that were installed halfway through the study period, there was a relatively rapid recovery of previously dominant species that had decreased during the first half of the study period. Species richness per unit area in the reserve increased. At the seaward side of the marsh, the altered management allowed succession to proceed leading to establishment of stands of Phragmites australis, whereas on the landward side, the combination of moderate grazing with neglect of the drainage system appeared an effective measure in maintaining habitats for a wider range of halophytic species. [source] RECENT AND FUTURE MANAGEMENT CHANGES IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: CONTINUING FOCUS ON RATIONALITY AND EFFICIENCY?FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2008Henk J. Ter Bogt Dutch municipalities and provinces have recently introduced many changes relating to management control. This paper explores the role of economic and social rationality in the introduction of reforms, and the nature of possible future reforms. Based on interviews with politicians and professional managers and on documents, the paper examines experiences with recent management changes. In addition, it discusses ,change initiating factors'. Budget cuts and trends seem to be such change initiating factors. However, particularly more demanding citizens, increases in voters' volatility and politicians' uncertainty seemed to initiate changes. The paper speculates that in the near future, too, it could be a rational survival strategy for politicians and managers to focus on initiatives that are intended to enhance performance and efficiency. [source] The importance of ,knowing the patient': community nurses' constructions of quality in providing palliative careJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 4 2000Karen A. Luker PhD BNurs RGN RHV NDNCert The importance of ,knowing the patient': community nurses' constructions of quality in providing palliative care This paper reports findings from a study conducted in one community health care trust where 62 members of the district nursing team (grades B,H) were interviewed. An adaptation of the critical incident technique was used to determine factors which contributed or detracted from high quality care for a number of key areas including palliative care. The centrality of knowing the patient and his/her family emerged as an essential antecedent to the provision of high quality palliative care. Factors enabling the formation of positive relationships were given prominence in descriptions of ideal care. Strategies used to achieve this included establishing early contact with the patient and family, ensuring continuity of care, spending time with the patient and providing more than the physical aspects of care. The characteristics described by the community nurses are similar to those advocated in ,new nursing' which identifies the uniqueness of patient needs, and where the nurse,patient relationship is objectified as the vehicle through which therapeutic nursing can be delivered. The link with ,new nursing' emerges at an interesting time for community nurses. The past decade has seen many changes in the way that community nursing services are configured. The work of the district nursing service has been redefined, making the ideals of new nursing, for example holism, less achievable than they were a decade ago. This study reiterates the view that palliative care is one aspect of district nursing work that is universally valued as it lends itself to being an exemplar of excellence in terms of the potential for realizing the ideals of nursing practice. This is of increasing importance in the context of changes that militate against this ideal. [source] Analysis of travel patterns between road and transit-oriented development areasJOURNAL OF ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION, Issue 1 2010Seungjae Lee Abstract The objectives of this study are to analyze the travel patterns based on social changes between 1996 and 2002, and then to identify main implications in transport policies in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). In SMA, there are many changes during 6 years. For example, SMA has changed the paradigm of transportation policy from car-oriented policy to public-oriented policy. So, this study examines the general travel pattern changes in the SMA and compares the travel patterns of regions invested in road construction (road-invested areas) with those of regions invested in transit (transit-invested areas). Study results show that while road investment had little effect on reducing congestion, the number of cars decreased in transit-invested areas due to the modal shift to transit modes. This study suggests that transit-oriented policies should be utilized as a solution to overcome severe traffic congestion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Plasma lipoprotein concentrations in the dog: the effects of gender, age, breed and dietJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 6 2008A. Pasquini Summary Earlier studies of canine lipoprotein metabolism have frequently not taken into account such variables as age, gender, lifestyle or feeding status. In the last years, many changes to lifestyle and feeding of dogs have occurred. In this study, C-tot, C-HDL, C-LDL, triglycerides and lipoprotein fractions were determined in 251 healthy dogs by means of enzymatic methods and through the electrophoretic technique. All data were analysed by multifactor anova test to determine which factors (age, gender, breed and diet) have a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05) on the determined parameter and subsequently Bonferroni's test was applied where necessary. Gender, age, breed and diet can significantly affect lipid metabolism, in particular lipoproteins involved in cholesterol plasma transport; on the contrary, triglycerides are not influenced by the same factors. The most important observation about age is the high level of C-LDL in puppies under 1 year of age. The highest cholesterol concentrations are found in Rottweiler but high values of plasma cholesterol are found also in Pyrenees Mountain dog and a great level of C-LDL in Labrador. Diet has shown a great influence on lipidic metabolism: dogs fed with different high-quality dry foods had significant differences in plasma cholesterol values (C-tot, C-HDL, C-LDL,), in particular, dogs fed with a diet rich in fish and fish-by-products have shown the lowest levels of C-tot, C-HDL and C-LDL. [source] Nursing the clinic vs. nursing the patient: nurses' experience of a day hospital chemotherapy serviceJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 9 2006Sonja Mcilfatrick PhD Aims and objectives., This study sought to explore the nurses' experience of a day hospital chemotherapy service in an acute general hospital in Northern Ireland and how this compared with their experience of working in an inpatient setting. Background., Despite the many changes taking place in cancer care delivery, little research has been conducted on nurses' experience of working in more acute cancer treatment settings. Research conducted to date has tended to focus on the role of nurses in wards, hospices and palliative care settings. Design., This Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological study explored nurses' lived experience of day hospital chemotherapy service. Method., Face-to-face focused in-depth interviews were conducted with the total population of nurses who worked in the day hospital at the time of data collection (n = 10). Data analysis involved a two-staged approach, the analysis of narratives and narrative analysis, based on the work of Polkinghorne (1995). Conclusions., The nurses' viewed their experience of the chemotherapy day hospital as having both positive and negative dimensions. The positive dimensions included an increased sense of autonomy and the challenge of developing new skills, while the negative dimension included a perceived decrease in their caring role: (i),The individual characteristics of the nurse were seen to have a key influence on caring experience; (ii),Role changes led to a perceived dichotomy between their actual and aspired role and their caring and clinical role. Relevance to clinical practice., There is a need to achieve a balance between delivering a clinical role (administering chemotherapy) while maintaining the centrality of the nurse,patient relationship. This can be likened to achieving a balance between ,nursing the clinic' alongside ,nursing the patient'. These findings have implications for the discourse on caring within other outpatient type clinics and discourse on cancer nursing as therapy and the culture of the cancer clinic. [source] SIMULATION OF THIN-FILM DEODORIZERS IN PALM OIL REFININGJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING, Issue 2010ROBERTA CERIANI ABSTRACT As the need for healthier fats and oils (natural vitamin and trans fat contents) and interest in biofuels are growing, many changes in the world's vegetable oil market are driving the oil industry to developing new technologies and recycling traditional ones. Computational simulation is widely used in the chemical and petrochemical industries as a tool for optimization and design of (new) processes, but that is not the case for the edible oil industry. Thin-film deodorizers are novel equipment developed for steam deacidification of vegetable oils, and no work on the simulation of this type of equipment could be found in the open literature. This paper tries to fill this gap by presenting results from the study of the effect of processing variables, such as temperature, pressure and percentage of stripping steam, in the final quality of product (deacidified palm oil) in terms of final oil acidity, the tocopherol content and neutral oil loss. The simulation results have been evaluated by using the response surface methodology. The model generated by the statistical analysis for tocopherol retention has been validated by matching its results with industrial data published in the open literature. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This work is a continuation of our previous works (Ceriani and Meirelles 2004a, 2006; Ceriani et al. 2008), dealing with the simulation of continuous deodorization and/or steam deacidification for a variety of vegetable oils using stage-wised columns, and analyzing both the countercurrent and the cross-flow patterns. In this work, we have studied thin-film deodorizers, which are novel equipment developed for steam deacidification of vegetable oils. Here, we highlight issues related to final oil product quality and the corresponding process variables. [source] A2. The carer's perception of dietitians' advice and its impact on the management of patients receiving haemodialysisJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 5 2000M. A. Rezaie Background Patients with end stage renal disease and their carers suffer many changes in their daily life style as a result of haemodialysis (HD) treatment. Information and education concerning the management of dietary requirements and restrictions for renal patients should be aimed at both patients and their carers. Aim This study investigated the impact of dietitians' involvement and advice on the carers' ability to manage patients' dietary/fluid requirements. Method A total of 36 carers of renal patients receiving unit haemodialysis treatment were randomly recruited into this study from a hospital in Cardiff, Wales. All the carers completed the Haemodialysis carers questionnaire (HCQ), specifically designed for this study, delivered to them in the outpatient clinic by the dietitian. Results Of the 36 carers, 22 (61%) were female, six (16.7%) were male and eight (22%) did not report their gender. Thirteen (36%) of the carers were between the ages of 20,54 years and 23 (64%) were 55 years of age and older. Twenty-six (72%) of the carers involved in this study were spouses and 34 (94.4%) of the carers lived with the patient. The mean duration of haemodialysis treatment for the patient was found to be 20 months. The results indicated that although the majority of the carers were informed about patients' dietary and fluid restrictions, 45% had not received any dietary information. Dietitians' one-to,one interactions with the carer was the most effective way of providing information in enabling them to better manage the patient compared to other methods such as leaflet and information packs (P = 0.01). The majority of the carers knew how to contact the renal dietitian, however, many did not (P = 0.001). Almost all the carers considered receiving information about the purpose of HD, feed back on the patients' condition, fluid/dietary restriction and details of available community resources as very important. Those carers who had the benefit of a dietitian's involvement believed that their advice was very helpful and enabled them to cope better with the management and complications of patient fluid and dietary requirements (P < 0.02). Strong correlations were found (rs = 0.67; P < 0.01) between the amount of information received by the carers and the level of the carers satisfaction with this information. In contrast, there were no significant correlations between the amount of information received by the carers and different aspects of managing the patients' diet, because 45% of the carers received none or little information. Conclusions Dietitians should involve the carers in the management of HD patient's dietary/fluid requirements and restrictions in order to provide better quality of care and quality of life for both the patient and the carer. [source] Problem-based Learning in Undergraduate Dental Education: Faculty Development at the University of Southern California School of DentistryJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 5 2007Timothy R. Saunders DDS The University of Southern California School of Dentistry (USCSD) seeks to educate oral health professionals with a balanced curriculum covering health promotion, risk assessment and disease prevention, diagnostics, treatments, and therapeutics. Based on critical analyses of a 5-year educational demonstration project, the USCSD proposed to use problem-based learning (PBL) to achieve its goals. Among the many changes required to convert a traditional dental educational curriculum to PBL, none is more important than that of faculty development. To achieve this, the USCSD Curriculum Subcommittee on Faculty Development, Mentoring, and Evaluation has designed and implemented a series of workshops to train its faculty as facilitators. There are four Core Skills Workshops: PBL Process Workshop, Facilitation of Learning Workshop, Student Assessment and Feedback Workshop, and PBL in the Clinical Environment. [source] Diet Studies in the Romantic PeriodLITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2009Samantha Webb The burgeoning interdisciplinary field of diet studies examines representations of food, eating and drinking, and other aspects of consumption in literary and non-literary texts. It emerged in the field of British Romanticism, at the intersection of materialist and formalist criticisms, and draws on food anthropology, food history and consumption studies. It also seeks to intervene into philosophy and aesthetics by revealing the corporeal and gustatory tropes that sometimes ground these fields. The Romantic period has proven to be a fertile literary moment for questions about diet. Coinciding historically with the consumer revolution, the period between the 1780s and 1830s saw many changes in diet, including the rise of haute cuisine, and the introduction of luxury foods like tea, sugar, coffee and chocolate. Dietary reformers also sought to introduce potatoes into the diets of the poor in the wake of food shortages. In tandem with this historical context, the 18th century is also known as the ,century of taste', and diet studies examine the gustatory dimensions of the aesthetic concept of taste. In diet studies, food is read as a sign that can demystify ,Romantic ideology' but that can also maintain its status as a figure. In this article, I review some of the most important works in the field, and suggest some of the reasons that diet studies has proved to be such a productive intervention into Romantics studies. [source] Learning on the Job: Moving From Faculty to AdministrationNEW DIRECTIONS FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGES, Issue 123 2003Chris McCarthy With administrative roles come many changes for faculty leaders, including the perceptions of others, the perception of self, and the skills necessary to remain credible. [source] Grassland revolutions in New Zealand: Disaggregating a national storyNEW ZEALAND GEOGRAPHER, Issue 3 2009Gordon M. Winder Abstract The grassland revolution is a national story but the intensification of New Zealand pastoral agriculture was made possible by many changes in farm practice, and application varied within New Zealand. This paper identifies aggregation issues in the narrative and explores their implications for any reassessment of the revolution. Data from six counties are analysed to illustrate some of the varied experiences across New Zealand farm districts. The paper redirects attention to local- and farm-scale studies as a way to investigate the significance of the diverse drivers of pastoral productivity, their timing and effects. [source] The quality profession and its role in the world,QUALITY ASSURANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2003Navin S. Dedhia The concept of quality evolved from inspection, measurement, and testing, which had been in practice for many, many years. Long ago, an artist or a sculptor took pride in his work and as a result always tried to excel in what was created. Mass production systems brought the concept of inspection by someone other than the craftsman in the first half of the 20th century. Application of statistical control came later as a result of World War production methods. Quality as a profession and the managerial process associated in the quality function was introduced during the second-half of the 20th century, and has evolved since then. No other profession has seen as many changes as the quality profession. The quality profession grew from simple control, to engineering, to systems engineering. Quality control activities were predominant in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. The 1970s were an era of quality engineering and the 1990s saw quality systems as an emerging field. Like medicine, accounting, and engineering, quality has achieved status as a recognized profession. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] JCPP , The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry: a history from the insideTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 1-2 2009Michael Berger As the JCPP marks its 50th year of publication, this paper revisits the founding philosophy and traces the journey from the first issue through to the present. The history of the JCPP reflects the many changes that have come about in the fields of developmental psychology and child and adolescent psychiatry and the changes introduced both to meet the needs and shape the practices of clinicians and researchers. It documents the achievements of the Journal and the contributions made by many in enabling its success. As the JCPP moves forward it will enjoy the benefits of the major technological and other advances being made in research, in the evolving and expanding knowledge base, and in the modes of publication, as well as needing to manage the associated challenges that will inevitably impact on its future. [source] Publishing trends in otorhinolaryngology from January 1997 to December 1999 in the UKCLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY, Issue 3 2001G S. Sandhu In the last 10 years there have been many changes in otorhinolaryngology training and academic resources. The Calman reforms were introduced to our speciality in July 1996 and the last decade has also seen the number of professorial chairs in the UK rise from two to 12. One would therefore expect an increase in academic output, in terms of published works, despite the impediments generated by the Calman Training System. A search of eight leading English language otorhinolaryngology journals was carried out from January 1997 to December 1999 looking for articles with British authors. The results were compared with similar research carried out 10 years ago. There has been no major growth in the output of otorhinolaryngological publications from the UK in the last 10 years. [source] | ||||||||||||||||