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Many Accounts (many + account)
Selected AbstractsSupporting families over the life course: mapping temporalityJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 4-5 2003G. Grant Abstract Background The present paper addresses a rather neglected dimension of family caregiving, its temporality. Many accounts of caregiving assume a state of stasis, and therefore, overlook factors which shape the evolving experience of family caregiving over the life course. Methods The paper begins by offering some reflections on theoretical and methodological issues identified by life-course researchers. Results Based both on theoretical propositions and a growing body of empirical evidence, this paper offers a heuristic for thinking about caregiving stages applied to families supporting people with intellectual disability. Conclusions This heuristic is used to suggest further avenues of research and development. [source] The Politics of Economic Policy Making in Britain: A Re-assessment of the 1976 IMF CrisisPOLITICS & POLICY, Issue 5 2009CHRIS ROGERS Many accounts of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) crisis argue that British policy was determined by the exercise of structural power by markets, either through the creation of currency instability and the application of loan conditionality, or by acting as a catalyst for policy learning. This article reassesses economic policy making in Britain during the 1976 IMF crisis to show that policy change did not occur as a result of disciplinary market pressure or a process of social learning. It argues that state managers have to manage the contradictions between the imperatives of accumulation and legitimation, and can do so through the politics of depoliticization. It shows, via archival sources, how elements of the core-executive had established preferences for deflationary policies, which were implemented in 1976 using market rhetoric and Fund conditionality to shape perceptions about the issues within the government's discretionary control. Muchas explicaciones sobre la crisis del FMI sostienen que la política británica fue determinada, o bien, por el ejercicio de poder estructural vía el mercado a través de la creación de la inestabilidad cambiaria y la aplicación de préstamos condicionados, o por el intento de demostrar que sólo las políticas monetarias mantendrían la confianza, un reconocimiento que se espera alcanzar a través de un proceso de aprendizaje político. Este artículo reevalúa el diseño de políticas económicas en Gran Bretaña durante la crisis del FMI de 1976 para demostrar que el cambio en la política no ocurrió como resultado de una presión constante del mercado o un proceso de aprendizaje social. Argumenta que los administradores del estado deben manejar las contradicciones entre los fundamentos de la acumulación y legitimación y pueden hacer eso a través de la depolitización. Señala, como, en base a fuentes provenientes de archivos, los elementos del poder ejecutivo habían establecido preferencias por las políticas deflacionarias, las cuales fueron implementadas en 1976 utilizando la retórica del mercado y la condicionalidad del FMI para ubicar dentro del control discrecional del gobierno las percepciones acerca de asuntos públicos importantes. [source] A preliminary examination of the role of NFAT 3 in human skin, cultured keratocytes and dermal fibroblastsJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 9 2010Wael I. Al-Daraji Background: Ciclosporin A (CsA) is widely utilized for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. The therapeutic effects of CsA are thought to be mediated via its immunosuppressive action on infiltrating lymphocytes in skin lesions. CsA and tacrolimus block T cell activation by inhibiting the phosphatase calcineurin and preventing translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of the transcription factor Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT). Methods: RT-PCR and Western Analysis were used to investigate the presence of NFAT-3 mRNA and protein in human keratocytes. Tissue culture of human keratocytes and immunostaining of cells on coverslips and confocal microscopy were used to assess the degree of nuclear localisation of NFAT-3 in cultured cells. Keratome biopsies were taken from patients with psoriasis (lesional and non-lesional skin) and normal skin and immunohistochemistry was used to assess the NFAT-3 localisation in these biopsies using a well characterized anti-NFAT-3 antibody. Results: The NFAT-3 mRNA and protein expression was demonstrated using RT-PCR and Western blotting. The expression of NFAT-3 in human keratocytes and response to different agonists provides perhaps a unique opportunity to examine the regulation, subcellular localization and kinetics of translocation of different NFATs in primary cultured human cells. As with NFAT 1, NFAT 2 and recently NFAT 5, differentiation-promoting agents that increase intracellular calcium concentration induced nuclear translocation of NFAT-3 in cultured keratocytes but with different kinetics. Conclusion: These data provide the first evidence of that NFAT-3 is expressed in normal skin, psoriasis and that NFAT-3 functionally active in human keratocytes and that nuclear translocation of NFAT-3 in human skin cells has different kinetics than NFAT 1 suggesting that NFAT-3 may play an important role in regulation of keratocytes proliferation and differentiation at a different stage. Inhibition of this pathway in human epidermal keratocytes many account, in part for the therapeutic effects of CsA and tacrolimus in skin disorders such as psoriasis. Al-Daraji WI. A preliminary examination of the role of NFAT 3 in human skin, cultured keratocytes and dermal fibroblasts. [source] Social Polarization and the Politics of Low Income Mortgage Lending in the United StatesGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2003Jason Hackworth ABSTRACT The structured inequalities of capital investment and disinvestment are prominent themes in critical urban and regional research, but many accounts portray ,capital' as a global, faceless and placeless abstraction operating according to a hidden, unitary logic. Sweeping political-economic shifts in the last generation demonstrate that capital may shape urban and regional processes in many different ways, and each of these manifestations creates distinct constraints and opportunities. In this paper, we analyze a new institutional configuration in the USA that is reshaping access to wealth among the poor , a policy ,consensus' to expand home-ownership among long-excluded populations. This shift has opened access to some low- and moderate-income households, and racial and ethnic minorities, but the necessary corollary is a greater polarization between those who are able to own and those who are not. We provide a critical analysis of these changes, drawing on national housing finance statistics as well as a multivariate analysis of differences between owners and renters in the 1990s in New York City. As home-ownership strengthens its role as a privatized form of stealth urban and housing policy in the USA, its continued expansion drives a corresponding reconstruction of its value for different groups, and inscribes a sharper axis of property-rights inequalities among owners and renters in the working classes. [source] Attending to the world: competition, cooperation and connectivity in the World City networkGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 2 2002J. V. Beaverstock World Cities are acknowledged to be a key aspect of globalization. In many accounts, these cities are depicted as rivals in a global marketplace, their economic success a result of their competitive advantage. However, what has not been fully acknowledged is their connectivity and, in addition, the time and effort taken by specific ,attendants' to produce the World City network. Accordingly, this article aims to advance understanding of World City network formation by developing a conceptual model that focuses on four major attendants (firms, sectors, cities and states) that enact network formation through two nexuses ,,city-firm' and ,statesector', and two communities ,,cities within states' and ,firms within sectors'. The utility of this model is demonstrated by drawing upon interviews conducted in offices of 39 advanced producer service firms in banking and law. These interviews were undertaken in three World Cities (London, New York and Singapore) in the wake of the East Asian financial crisis, an event that challenged the consistency of the World City network. Showing how attendants sought to maintain and transform the World City network at this key moment of crisis, we conclude that studies of city competitiveness ultimately need to focus on the cooperative work that sustains global networks. [source] Prime Ministers, Presidentialism and Westminster SmokescreensPOLITICAL STUDIES, Issue 4 2006Mark Bevir This article asks, ,how do practitioners understand the relationship between the prime minister, ministers and the rest of Westminster and Whitehall?' We focus on three topics. First, we review tales of a Blair presidency. Second, we explore the governance paradox in which people tell tales of a Blair presidency as they recount stories of British governance that portray it as fragmented with several decision-makers. Finally, we argue that this paradox reveals the distorting influence the Westminster model still exerts on many accounts of British politics. It acts as a smokescreen for the changes in executive politics. [source] Problems in the Theorisation of Global Civil SocietyPOLITICAL STUDIES, Issue 5 2002Gideon Baker Existing theories of global civil society are problematical for two reasons. First, they assume that transnational organisations can assist world-wide democratisation without questioning either the representativeness of such organisations, or their accountability, or the potentially negative ramifications of their actions for international political equality. Second, despite placing new emphasis on political agency outside of the state, many accounts of global civil society ultimately reproduce statist discourse by reducing action in global civil society to a struggle for rights. This misrepresents global civil society since arguments for rights are, inter alia, arguments for the state, whereas the agency of global civil society immanently questions the legitimacy of the state. [source] Evaluation of available indices for inherently safer design optionsPROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2003Faisal I. Khan Inherent safety is a proactive approach for loss prevention during process plant design. It has been proven that, considering the lifetime costs of a process and its operation, an inherent safety approach can lead to a cost-optimal option. Application of inherent safety at the early stages of process design yields the best results with respect to process selection, conceptual design, and engineering design. However, in spite of being an attractive and cost-effective approach to loss prevention, it is not widely used. Reasons have been suggested for this lack of widespread use, but the lack of systematic tools to apply inherent safety principles is perhaps the most important one. A detailed study was conducted to analyze the performance of available hazard indices with reference to various inherent safety principles (guidewords). The performance of four main indices (Dow, Mond, Inherent Safety, and Safety Weighted Hazard [SweHI] indices) was studied for five inherent safety guidewords. None of the indexing procedures can capture all of the inherent safety guidewords, although the SWeHI and Dow Index were found to be robust on many accounts. It is recommended that a new specific index be developed for inherently safer design evaluation. The SWeHI and Dow indexing procedures may be a good basis on which to build. [source] | |||||||||||||