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Manufactured Goods (manufactured + goods)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting60%
Humanities and Social Sciences40%

Selected Abstracts

What Can Account for Fluctuations in the Terms of Trade?,

INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, Issue 1 2006
Marianne Baxter
This paper studies the sources of terms of trade volatility. We decompose the terms of trade into two components. The ,goods price' component stems from differences in the composition of import and export baskets, while the ,country price' component stems from deviations from the law of one price. Countries are classified according to their major import and export goods: commodities, manufactured goods and fuels. Except fuel exporters, there is roughly equal importance of goods price vs country price volatility. These results suggest that there may be a role for reducing terms of trade volatility through diversification of a country's exports. [source]

Trade and Labour Markets: Vertical and Regional Differentiation in Italy

LABOUR, Issue 3 2000
Giuseppe Celi
The labour market misfortunes of the less skilled and rapid growth of international trade in manufactured goods with less advanced countries are linked by the paradoxical observation that trade theorists are in the forefront of those denying the importance of trade in income distribution. This paper analyses this conclusion by stressing the importance of vertical differentiation of trade flows and regional differentiation of skills in order to identify labour market effects of trade integration. Vertical and regional differentiation in trade and labour markets are analysed for a country, Italy, where these two elements seem to play a crucial role. The results show a likely displacement effect on unskilled labour due to trade flows with less advanced countries. Given the characteristics of Italian trade and labour markets, a stronger trade-induced displacement effect on demand for unskilled labour takes place in the North of the country. Thus the vertical differentiation in Italian intra-industry trade is a warning against understating the effect of trade on labour markets if product heterogeneity is not adequately considered. The regional differentiation of skill intensity is another warning against understating the effect of trade on labour markets whenever cross-sectoral effects and the change in relative specialization are not adequately considered. [source]

Heterogeneous transport costs and spatial sorting in a model of New Economic Geography,

PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010
Corey Lang
Economic geography; transport costs; sorting; agglomeration Abstract Transportation costs are of central importance in the New Economic Geography literature, though assumptions about transportation costs continue to be simplistic. This paper begins to address these simplifications by assuming that transportation costs for manufactured goods are heterogeneous. Basic results are consistent with standard models showing dispersion of economic activity for high transport costs and eventual agglomeration as transport costs decline. However, several novel features arise too. Many unstable, dispersed equilibria exist for high average transport costs, but converge to a stable equilibrium path as transport costs decrease. Equilibrium paths smoothly transition from dispersion to agglomeration and do so at an increasing rate. Additionally, transport costs directly influence firms' location decisions and firms spatially sort by transport cost. Resumen Los costos de transporte tienen una importancia capital en la literatura sobre la Nueva Geografía Económica, aunque se siguen asumiendo los costos de transporte de manera simplista. Este artículo empieza a tratar estas simplificaciones, asumiendo que los costos de transporte de bienes manufacturados son heterogéneos. Los resultados básicos son consecuentes con los modelos estándar que muestran la dispersión de la actividad económica para costos de transporte elevados y una eventual aglomeración a medida que los costos de transporte disminuyen. Sin embargo, también aparecen varias características novedosas. Existen muchos equilibrios dispersos, inestables, para costos de transporte promedio elevados, pero convergen en una línea de equilibrio a medida que los costos disminuyen. Las líneas de equilibrio tienen una transición fluida de la dispersión a la aglomeración y lo hacen a una tasa en aumento. Además, los costos de transporte influyen directamente las decisiones de localización de las empresas y estas se ordenan espacialmente de acuerdo a los costos de transporte. [source]

Employment Risk and Optimal Trade Policies

THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2001
E. Kwan Choi
This paper considers trade policies and welfare in a Harris,Todaro model with risk-averse workers. Workers are assumed to have identical and homothetic preferences, but their incomes differ, depending on whether and where they are employed. When workers are equally valued, maximizing social utility is equivalent to maximizing the utility of a rural worker. An optimal policy consists of a production subsidy on the exportable and an import tariff. This model explains the widespread use of import tariffs on manufactured goods along with production subsidies on the export sectors in many LDCs. JEL Classification Numbers: F13, D8. [source]

Consumption and Standards of Living of the Quebec Inuit: Cultural Permanence and Discontinuities,

CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE, Issue 2 2004
MARCELLE CHABOT
Cette étude examine les tendances récentes relatives aux pratiques économiques des Inuits du Nunavik (Québec, Canada). L'étude se fonde sur une caractérisation des transactions monétaires et non monétaires effectuées par un échantillon de 38 ménages inuit en 1995 Les résultats des analyses montrent que les Inuit sont fortement dépendants des produits manufacturés. L'élévation du revenu a permis la création d'un revenu discrétionnaire. Cependant, les analyses suggèrent que les conditions économiques actuelles réduisent l'expression des besoins et des aspirations purement individuelles et encouragent le maintien des normes de conduites traditionnelles. L'étude conclut que les conditions de vie matérielle et les valeurs se renforcent mutuellement pour freiner la diffusion de la culture de consommation. This study explores some recent trends in the economic practices of the Inuit of Nunavik (Quebec, Canada). It is based on a characterization of the monetary and non-monetary transactions made by a sample of 38 Inuit households in 1995 The analyses show that the Inuit are highly dependent on manufactured goods. The rise in income has allowed for more discretionary income; however, analyses suggest that current economic conditions place limitations on the development of individual wants and aspirations, as well as play a significant role in encouraging traditional norms of conduct. It is suggested that material conditions and values mutually reinforce one another to reduce the penetration of a consumer culture. [source]