Management

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Distribution within Medical Sciences

Kinds of Management

  • accrual management
  • active management
  • acute management
  • acute pain management
  • adaptive management
  • adequate management
  • aggressive management
  • agricultural management
  • agricultural water management
  • airway management
  • alternative management
  • anaesthetic management
  • analgesic management
  • anesthesia management
  • anesthetic management
  • anger management
  • animal management
  • appropriate clinical management
  • appropriate management
  • asset management
  • asthma management
  • basin management
  • behavioral management
  • behavioural management
  • best management
  • brand management
  • breastfeeding management
  • breeding management
  • broodstock management
  • buffer management
  • business management
  • cancer management
  • cancer pain management
  • capacity management
  • capital management
  • captive management
  • care management
  • careful management
  • caries management
  • case management
  • catchment management
  • category management
  • chain management
  • change management
  • chronic disease management
  • clinical management
  • coastal management
  • coffee management
  • community management
  • company management
  • comprehensive management
  • condition management
  • conflict management
  • conservation management
  • conservative management
  • contemporary management
  • content management
  • contingency management
  • conventional management
  • corporate management
  • correct management
  • cost management
  • crisis management
  • crop management
  • current management
  • customer relationship management
  • data management
  • database management
  • debt management
  • demand management
  • dental management
  • depression management
  • design management
  • development management
  • diabetes management
  • dietary management
  • different management
  • difficult airway management
  • disaster management
  • disease management
  • diversity management
  • donor management
  • drug management
  • early management
  • earning management
  • ecological management
  • ecosystem management
  • effective management
  • efficient management
  • emergency management
  • emotion management
  • endodontic management
  • endoscopic management
  • energy management
  • enterprise management
  • enterprise risk management
  • environmental management
  • executive management
  • expectant management
  • factor management
  • farm management
  • fertilizer management
  • financial management
  • financial risk management
  • fire management
  • firm management
  • fisheries management
  • fishery management
  • flood management
  • flood risk management
  • fluid management
  • forest management
  • fund management
  • future management
  • gas management
  • genetic management
  • good management
  • government management
  • grassland management
  • grazing management
  • green supply chain management
  • habitat management
  • health care management
  • health management
  • healthcare management
  • historical management
  • home management
  • hospital management
  • human resource management
  • human resources management
  • hypertension management
  • identity management
  • illness management
  • image management
  • immediate management
  • impression management
  • improved management
  • improving management
  • in pain management
  • information management
  • initial conservative management
  • initial management
  • innovation management
  • inpatient management
  • insulin management
  • integrate management
  • integrate water resources management
  • integrated pest management
  • intensive care management
  • intensive case management
  • intensive management
  • international human resource management
  • international management
  • intraoperative management
  • invasive plant management
  • invasive species management
  • irrigation management
  • knowledge management
  • labour management
  • land management
  • land use management
  • land-use management
  • laparoscopic management
  • lipid management
  • liquidity management
  • local management
  • long-term management
  • maintenance management
  • medical management
  • medication management
  • medicine management
  • memory management
  • middle management
  • migration management
  • mobility management
  • modern management
  • motivated information management
  • multidisciplinary management
  • multimodal management
  • natural resource management
  • neonatal management
  • network management
  • new public management
  • non-operative management
  • non-surgical management
  • nonprofit management
  • nonsurgical management
  • nursing management
  • nutrient management
  • nutritional management
  • obesity management
  • obstetric management
  • ongoing management
  • operational management
  • operations management
  • operative management
  • optimal management
  • optimal medical management
  • outpatient management
  • pain management
  • patient management
  • people management
  • performance management
  • peri-operative management
  • perinatal management
  • perioperative management
  • personnel management
  • pest management
  • pharmacological management
  • physiotherapy management
  • plant management
  • pond management
  • poor management
  • population management
  • portfolio management
  • post-operative pain management
  • postoperative management
  • postoperative pain management
  • power management
  • practical management
  • practice management
  • prenatal management
  • primary management
  • proactive management
  • process management
  • product innovation management
  • production management
  • professional management
  • program management
  • project management
  • prompt management
  • proper management
  • psoriasis management
  • public management
  • public sector management
  • quality management
  • queue management
  • range management
  • rational management
  • relationship management
  • residue management
  • resistance management
  • resource management
  • resources management
  • restoration management
  • riparian management
  • risk factor management
  • risk management
  • river basin management
  • river management
  • rodent management
  • routine management
  • safe management
  • safety management
  • scientific management
  • sector management
  • security management
  • self management
  • senior management
  • service management
  • short-term management
  • soil management
  • species management
  • specific management
  • stakeholder management
  • standard management
  • strategic human resource management
  • strategic management
  • stream management
  • stress management
  • stroke management
  • subsequent management
  • successful management
  • supply chain management
  • supply management
  • supply-chain management
  • supportive clinical management
  • surgical management
  • sustainable forest management
  • sustainable management
  • sustainable supply chain management
  • symptom management
  • system management
  • technology management
  • temperature management
  • therapeutic management
  • thermal management
  • time management
  • top management
  • total quality management
  • traffic management
  • trauma management
  • treatment management
  • tumor management
  • type 2 diabetes management
  • use management
  • vegetation management
  • waste management
  • water management
  • water quality management
  • water resource management
  • water resources management
  • watershed management
  • weed management
  • weight management
  • wildlife management
  • wound management
  • zone management

  • Terms modified by Management

  • management ability
  • management accounting
  • management act
  • management action
  • management activity
  • management advice
  • management agencies
  • management agenda
  • management algorithm
  • management alone
  • management alternative
  • management application
  • management approach
  • management architecture
  • management area
  • management aspect
  • management association
  • management attention
  • management behavior
  • management behaviour
  • management benefit
  • management capability
  • management capacity
  • management challenge
  • management change
  • management characteristic
  • management choice
  • management commitment
  • management company
  • management competence
  • management concept
  • management concern
  • management condition
  • management consideration
  • management consultant
  • management consulting
  • management context
  • management control
  • management control system
  • management cost
  • management course
  • management data
  • management decision
  • management decision-making
  • management demand
  • management department
  • management development
  • management difficult
  • management dilemma
  • management dimension
  • management discourse
  • management earning forecast
  • management education
  • management effects
  • management effort
  • management experience
  • management factor
  • management failure
  • management field
  • management for children
  • management framework
  • management function
  • management goal
  • management group
  • management guideline
  • management history
  • management implication
  • management industry
  • management information systems
  • management initiative
  • management innovation
  • management institute
  • management institution
  • management intensity
  • management intervention
  • management involvement
  • management issues
  • management journal
  • management knowledge
  • management lesson
  • management level
  • management literature
  • management measure
  • management methodology
  • management methods
  • management model
  • management models
  • management motive
  • management need
  • management objective
  • management of technology
  • management option
  • management organisation
  • management outcome
  • management paradigm
  • management performance
  • management perspective
  • management philosophy
  • management plan
  • management planning
  • management policy
  • management position
  • management practice
  • management practitioner
  • management prescription
  • management principle
  • management priority
  • management problem
  • management procedure
  • management process
  • management professional
  • management program
  • management programme
  • management project
  • management protocol
  • management purpose
  • management recommendation
  • management regime
  • management requirement
  • management research
  • management researcher
  • management resource
  • management response
  • management responsibility
  • management review
  • management role
  • management rule
  • management scenario
  • management scheme
  • management scholar
  • management science
  • management service
  • management services
  • management skill
  • management software
  • management solution
  • management strategy
  • management structure
  • management studies
  • management style
  • management support
  • management system
  • management tactic
  • management task
  • management team
  • management technique
  • management techniques
  • management technology
  • management theory
  • management thinking
  • management tool
  • management tools
  • management training
  • management treatment
  • management turnover
  • management type
  • management unit
  • management value
  • management variable
  • management work

  • Selected Abstracts


    KEEPING PACE WITH EVOLVING PRISON POPULATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT

    CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 2 2003
    JOHN WOOLDREDGE
    [source]


    Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Response Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Subjects with Crow's Feet

    DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 3 2005
    Nicholas J. Lowe MD
    Background Published evidence suggests that botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is an effective treatment for crow's feet. However, few dose-ranging studies have been performed. Objectives To assess the safety and efficacy of a single treatment with one of four doses of BTX-A (Botox/Vistabel, Allergan Inc) compared with placebo for the improvement of crow's feet. Methods Subjects received a single bilateral treatment of 18, 12, 6, or 3 U of BTX-A or placebo injected into the lateral aspect of the orbicularis oculi muscle (parallel-group, double,blind design). Investigators and subjects rated crow's feet severity at maximum smile on day 7 and at 30-day intervals from days 30 to 180. Results As observed by both investigators and subjects, all doses of BTX-A resulted in improvements in crow's feet severity when compared with placebo. A dose-dependent treatment effect for efficacy was observed, with higher doses having an increased magnitude and duration of effect. However, a clear differentiation between the 18 U and 12 U doses was not apparent. Few adverse events were reported, with no statistically significant differences between BTX-A and placebo in the incidence of subjects experiencing adverse events. Conclusion BTX-A is safe and effective in decreasing the severity of crow's feet, with 12 U per side suggested as the most appropriate dose. THIS STUDY WAS FUNDED BY ALLERGAN, WHICH WAS ALSO INVOLVED IN THE DESIGN AND CONDUCT OF THE STUDY; COLLECTION, MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA; AND PREPARATION, REVIEW, AND APPROVAL OF THE MANUSCRIPT. DRS. LOWE AND FRACZEK ARE PAID CONSULTANTS FOR ALLERGAN, DRS. KUMAR AND EADIE ARE EMPLOYEES OF ALLERGAN, AND DRS. LOWE AND KUMAR HOLD STOCK OPTIONS. [source]


    MANAGEMENT OF OBSCURE GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING BASED ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF CAPSULE ENDOSCOPIC BLEEDING FINDINGS

    DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 3 2010
    Mitsunori Maeda
    Background:, Double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) and capsule endoscopy (CE) have been useful in managing obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). However, DBE is invasive, complex and time-consuming, therefore indications should probably be selective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the classification of the CE bleeding findings for determining the indications and timing of DBE in patients with OGIB. Methods:, From February 2003 to January 2009, 123 patients with OGIB who underwent CE were included in this study. These CE findings were classified based on the bleeding source. Type CE-I, II, III, IV and 0 indicate active bleeding, previous bleeding, lesions without active bleeding, a lesion outside of the small bowel, and no findings, respectively. We compared diagnostic yield and outcome between the classification and the findings of DBE or enteroclysis. Results:, Comparisons of the positive findings rate with DBE or enteroclysis, the treatment rate and the rebleeding rate with the classification showed: CE-Ia, 100% (6/6), 50% (3/6), 33.3% (2/6); Ib, 66.7% (4/6), 0% (0/6), 16.7% (1/6); IIa, 33.3% (1/3), 33.3% (1/3), 33.3% (1/3); IIb, 53.8% (7/13),15.4% (2/13), 30.8% (4/13); III, 100% (84/84), 9.5% (8/84), 8.3% (7/84); IV, 100% (2/2), 50% (1/2), 0% (0/2); and 0, 0% (0/9), 0% (0/9), 0% (0/9), respectively. Conclusions:, The proportion of patients requiring treatment, the positive findings rate with DBE or enteroclysis and the rebleeding rates tended to be higher in the higher ranked classification types (CE-I > II > III > IV > 0). These findings suggest that the classification can provide useful information on determining the indications and timing of DBE. [source]


    MANAGEMENT OF THE BILE DUCT STONE: CURRENT SITUATION IN JAPAN

    DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2010
    Ichiro Yasuda
    Endoscopic treatment is now recognized as the standard treatment for common bile duct stones worldwide. Endoscopic treatment routinely involves endoscopic sphincterotomy in most countries including Japan and endoscopic papillary balloon dilation is also a widely used alternative to endoscopic sphincterotomy in Japan. Surgery in any form, including laparoscopic surgery, is mainly performed when endoscopic treatments are unsuccessful or unfavorable. Other therapeutic modalities considered under certain circumstances include lithotripsy under the guidance of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy, peroral cholangioscopy, or enteroscopy; electrohydraulic lithotripsy or laser lithotripsy; and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. [source]


    ALTERNATIVE METHODS IN THE ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF DIFFICULT COMMON BILE DUCT STONES

    DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2010
    Dong Ki Lee
    The endoscopic method is accepted as a first treatment modality in the management of extrahepatic bile duct. Most large stones can be removed with basket and mechanical lithotripsy after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Currently, in treating large extrahepatic bile duct stones, endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation with mid-incision endoscopic sphincterotomy is actively performed instead of applying mechanical lithotripsy after full endoscopic sphincterotomy. Herein, we describe the conceptions, proper indications, methods and complications of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation with regards to currently published reports. In addition, intracorporeal lithotripsy by peroral cholangioscopy with an ultra-slim upper endoscope is introduced, which is more convenient than previous conventional intracorporeal lithotripsy methods using mother,baby endoscopy or percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. Lastly, biliary stenting with the choleretic agent administration method is briefly reviewed as an alternative treatment option for frail and elderly patients with large impacted common bile duct stones. [source]


    MANAGEMENT OF ANTIPLATELET THERAPY FOR ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES: OPTIMAL CESSATION PERIOD OF ANTIPLATELET THERAPY FOR JAPANESE

    DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 4 2007
    Yoshiko Tamai
    Although antiplatelet agents are widely used for the treatment and prevention of thrombotic diseases, only a few studies have reported the validity of the cessation period prior to endoscopic procedures. In 2002, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) published a reference on the management of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy for endoscopic procedures, but it should be confirmed as appropriate for use in Asian patients. To evaluate the optimal cessation period of antiplatelet agents prior to endoscopic procedures for Japanese, we have studied: (i) the current clinically adopted cessation period of antiplatelet agents prior to invasive endoscopic procedures in Japan; (ii) the relationship between the cessation period of antiplatelet agents and complications around the invasive endoscopic procedures; (iii) colonic mucosal bleeding time after aspirin ingestion; and (iv) the time course of primary hemostasis after cessation of antiplatelet agents. We conclude that 3 days cessation period for aspirin, 5 days cessation for ticlopidine and 7 days cessation for aspirin + ticlopidine administration should be sufficient for Japanese. [source]


    THERAPEUTIC FISTULOSCOPY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PROLONGED POSTOPERATIVE INTRA-ABDOMINAL ABSCESS CAUSED BY SMALL INTESTINAL PINHOLE PERFORATION

    DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 4 2005
    Yoshihisa Saida
    Fistuloscopy is an effective treatment for intractable fistula, a sometimes difficult to manage postoperative intra-abdominal complication. A case of a 69-year-old male with an abdominal abscess after he underwent right hemi-colectomy for cecum cancer with invasions into the ileum and sigmoid colon is reported. A re-operation for lavage and drainage was performed 2 weeks after surgery. However, no obvious origin for the pus was located. Although physiological saline lavage was repeatedly performed, the effusion of pus persisted in the drain at the midline incision about 7 months after surgery. Then, fistuloscopy with an upper gastrointestinal endoscope was performed through the hole of the tube. A pinhole that produced a bubble just below the midline incision was observed. Then, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) tube was inserted to obtain images of the small intestine by fluorography and findings suggested a diagnosis of perforation of the small intestine, which appeared to explain why resolution of the abscess was prolonged. After direct drainage to the small intestine with a 40-cm-long 7 Fr percutaneous transhepatic cholangio drainage (PTCD) balloon catheter, pus from the tube notably decreased. After confirming that the abscess cavity had disappeared by abdominal computed tomography scan, the PTCD catheter was extracted about 8 months after primary surgery. Since then, no recurrence of cancer or abscess has been observed. In cases of intractable postoperative intra-abdominal abscess, fistuloscopy using smaller diameter gastrointestinal endoscopy appears to be a valuable diagnostic tool. [source]


    ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF BILIARY STRICTURES

    DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2004
    Yoshitsugu Kubota
    ABSTRACT Endoscopic stenting, due to being less invasive, is feasible for most patients with biliary strictures; however, presumed efficacy should be balanced against the procedure-related morbidities for an individual patient. Self-expandable metallic stents have a longer patency, but are not retrievable. Therefore, the use of self-expandable metallic stents should be limited to those with unequivocal findings of unresectable malignancy. Plastic stents are indicated for strictures due to benign etiologies and equivocal malignancy. Endoscopic stenting for hilar biliary stricture is challenging. Bilateral hepatic drainage seems ideal but is often demanding to achieve with endoscopic technique, and contrast injection into undrained segments may pose a substantial risk for cholangitis and aggravate prognosis. Therefore, the extent of drainage should be balanced against the procedure-related complications. Preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography may help determine feasibility of bilateral drainage or an ,intended and selective drainage' with a single stent and might obviate the possible morbidities. [source]


    CONSENSUS DISCUSSION REPORT: MANAGEMENT OF CYSTIC DISEASES OF THE PANCREAS

    DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 1 2002
    HISAO TAJIRI
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL COMMON POOL RESOURCES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM FISHING COMMUNITIES IN COLOMBIA

    ECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 2 2010
    MARIA ALEJANDRA VELEZ
    This article uses experimental data to test for a complementary relationship between formal regulations imposed on a community to conserve a local natural resource and nonbinding verbal agreements to do the same. Our experiments were conducted in the field in three regions of Colombia. Our results suggest that the hypothesis of a complementary relationship between communication and external regulation is supported for some combinations of regions and regulations but cannot be supported in general. We conclude that the determination of whether formal regulations and informal communication are complementary must be made on a community-by-community basis. (JEL C93, H41, Q20, Q28) [source]


    COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ON THE INDIGENOUS ESTATE: A PROFIT-RELATED INVESTMENT PROPOSAL

    ECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 3 2005
    Jon Altman
    This article assesses the state of commercial development and resource management on Indigenous land in remote Australia. Indigenous landowners control significant assets,over one million square kilometres of land,often with substantial resource rights and income earning potential. The inactivity and missed opportunities on the Indigenous estate are of such magnitude as to represent a major risk both for Indigenous landowning communities, in terms of their future economic and social well-being, and for national and international interests in terms of ecological vulnerability. The article explores the role of government as risk manager in such circumstances and outlines the principles that might underpin any intervention program targeted to the commercial development of Indigenous land. Using the analytical framework for profit-related loans and elements of an existing venture capital support programme, the Innovation Investment Fund Program, we outline the hypothetical skeleton of a new investment scheme to assist development and natural resource management on the Indigenous estate. Our proposal can be conceptualised as a profit-related loan scheme or as a form of capped public investment. It seeks to address key elements of the market failure that exists in relation to financing development on remote Indigenous land, provides incentives for greater private sector investment, and ensures that commercial and social risks are shared equitably between government, private sector investors and Indigenous-owned corporations to avoid problems of adverse selection and moral hazard. [source]


    BROADENING THE APPLICATION OF EVOLUTIONARILY BASED GENETIC PEST MANAGEMENT

    EVOLUTION, Issue 2 2008
    Fred Gould
    Insect- and tick-vectored diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Lyme disease cause human suffering, and current approaches for prevention are not adequate. Invasive plants and animals such as Scotch broom, zebra mussels, and gypsy moths continue to cause environmental damage and economic losses in agriculture and forestry. Rodents transmit diseases and cause major pre- and postharvest losses, especially in less affluent countries. Each of these problems might benefit from the developing field of Genetic Pest Management that is conceptually based on principles of evolutionary biology. This article briefly describes the history of this field, new molecular tools in this field, and potential applications of those tools. There will be a need for evolutionary biologists to interact with researchers and practitioners in a variety of other fields to determine the most appropriate targets for genetic pest management, the most appropriate methods for specific targets, and the potential of natural selection to diminish the effectiveness of genetic pest management. In addition to producing environmentally sustainable pest management solutions, research efforts in this area could lead to new insights about the evolution of selfish genetic elements in natural systems and will provide students with the opportunity to develop a more sophisticated understanding of the role of evolutionary biology in solving societal problems. [source]


    STRINGS ATTACHED: NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, COMPETITIVE GRANT FUNDING AND SOCIAL CAPITAL

    FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2009
    Helen Irvine
    This paper first investigates the impact of New Public Management (NPM) practices, particularly competitive grant funding, on Bushcare New South Wales (NSW), an Australian environmental volunteering organisation. Secondly, identifying such local volunteering organisations as repositories of valuable social capital, it explores the link between volunteering and social capital. Using mixed methods and institutional theory, the study reveals that an increased level of professionalism and accountability is required of Bushcare groups, and that local coordinators face a challenge in balancing local, regional and national priorities without sacrificing Bushcare's mission. These dynamics, it is proposed, have potentially serious social capital implications. [source]


    PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND BEST VALUE AUDIT IN SCOTLAND: A RESEARCH NOTE ON THEORY AND PRACTICE

    FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2008
    Arthur Midwinter
    This paper appraises the theory and practice of Best Value Audit in Scotland, and in particular the central assumption that a robust performance management system is essential for continuous improvement in service delivery, within a rational planning model of governance. The reviews of Best Value Audit in practice reveal important gaps between theory and practice, with an overemphasis on monitoring process rather than performance. There is, therefore, considerable scope to reduce the demands of the audit process on local government, and Best Value Audit, needs to move from a theoretical model to an evidence-based model of good practice if real progress is to be made. [source]


    MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING CHANGE AND NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: A REASSESSMENT OF AMBITIONS AND RESULTS , AN INSTITUTIONALIST APPROACH TO ACCOUNTING CHANGE IN THE DUTCH PUBLIC SECTOR

    FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2008
    Henk J. Ter Bogt
    Dutch municipalities and provinces, denoted here as local government, have seen a succession of changes in their management accounting systems and have also introduced other changes related to New Public Management (NPM) in the last twenty years. This paper examines accounting changes, such as the introduction of accrual accounting, output and outcome budgets and performance measurement, from an institutionalist point of view. The paper presents experiences of 23 politicians and professional managers with the various changes over a period of fifteen to twenty years. The interviewees, just like various researchers in the field of NPM, were critical of the accounting changes and their effects. However, several of them also made clear that, seen over the long run, the changes did have some effects that they liked and seem to be in line with the ,ideals' presented in NPM literature. The paper suggests that an institutionalist perspective is helpful for studying change processes in organizations and for observing factors and developments that might not be noticed when a more functional and short-term perspective is adopted. [source]


    NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: PERSPECTIVES ON PERFORMANCE AND THE USE OF PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

    FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2008
    E. Pieter Jansen
    Performance information is a key-element of NPM, but politicians and managers rarely use this information. On the basis of three case studies, this paper seeks to explain the use of the newly developed performance information. The paper argues that there is a distinction between the customer perspective and the citizen perspective on performance. NPM implies a customer and an internal perspective on performance. These perspectives may be relevant to managers, but politicians are primarily interested in a citizen perspective and a financial perspective. Two situations are identified in which governmental organizations more actively use performance information with a customer perspective and an internal perspective (as implied in NPM): (1) a crisis in the organization's internal processes with political and/or financial consequences and (2) loose coupling of the performance reports to politicians and to managers, which stimulates the information use by both politicians and managers. [source]


    EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN ENGLISH NHS HOSPITAL TRUSTS

    FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2007
    Joan Ballantine
    In this paper we review the financial reporting incentives associated with the requirement to breakeven for English NHS Trusts. We also investigate the distribution of reported income and estimate discretionary accruals thereby contributing to the limited literature on earnings management in not-for-profit hospitals. We find that Trust managers use discretion over accruals to report income within the target range around zero. The results are robust to recent challenges to earnings management explanations arising from the use of distributional and aggregate accruals methodologies. Our findings indicate that a precise and challenging financial breakeven target based on current cost residual income is associated with wide-spread use of discretionary accruals to an extent that weakens the accountability of NHS Trusts. [source]


    OBSTACLES TO IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT IN AN IRISH HOSPITAL

    FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2007
    Geraldine Robbins
    First page of article [source]


    FORECASTING AND MANAGEMENT OF MIGRATORY PESTS IN AUSTRALIA

    INSECT SCIENCE, Issue 4 2002
    David Hunter
    Abstract, The Decision Support System (DSS) used by the Australian Plague Locust Commission for management of several important migratory insect pests in Australia is described. The DSS is based on a Geographic Information System that integrates data on weather and habitat condition with the migration, development and distribution of the pest to prepare forecasts and aid decisions for control. The GIS is module based with the number and nature of the modules easily modified depending on the detail of data required to manage the pest concerned. [source]


    FROM MANAGEMENT TO VISION: ISSUES FOR BRITISH CHURCHES NEGOTIATING DECLINE AND CHANGE,

    INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSION, Issue 364 2003
    Simon Barrow
    First page of article [source]


    DANCE AND MOVEMENT THERAPEUTIC METHODS IN MANAGEMENT OF DEMENTIA: A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED STUDY

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 4 2008
    Laura Hokkanen PhD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    INTEGRATING RISK MANAGEMENT AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

    JOURNAL OF APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE, Issue 4 2002
    Prakash Shimpi
    Capital management and risk management are two sides of the same coin. But by treating them separately, the conventional theory and practice of corporate finance fails to account for important connections between them. Moreover, an exclusive focus on debt and equity ignores the full range of capital resources available to a corporation, thus distorting management's view of the firm's cost of capital (and its return on equity). An understanding of the role of corporate capital,including off-balance sheet as well as paid-up capital,and its relationship to the riskiness of a firm's activities provides the foundation on which the author builds a corporate finance framework that ties together both the insurance and capital markets. This framework, called the "Insurative Model," captures the economics of both conventional insurance and corporate finance instruments and embraces a wide variety of solutions and instruments,be they debt, equity, insurance, derivative, contingent capital, or any other,and allows managers to evaluate their effectiveness in a consistent, unified way. The Insurative Model demonstrates that a company's decisions on insurance and risk retention can be just as important as its decisions about its debt-equity mix. In fact, the determination of a firm's optimal debt-equity ratio should be the last in a series of capital and risk management decisions. Earlier decisions should address risk retention, risk transfer, and the optimal amounts and structure of off-balance-sheet capital used to support the company's retained risks. [source]


    TRANSFORMING ENRON: THE VALUE OF ACTIVE MANAGEMENT

    JOURNAL OF APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE, Issue 4 2001
    Vince Kaminski
    Soon after Enron was formed as a regulated gas pipeline company in 1985, economic events forced a dramatic reorganization of the company. The result was the creation of an unregulated energy trading operation whose mission was to capitalize on opportunities arising from the deregulation of the natural gas market The initial form of the new business was that of a "gas bank" in which Enron became an intermediary between buyers and sellers of gas, locking in the spread as profit. Since there was no source of liquidity to the market, Enron had to develop its own risk management system. Furthermore, the need to respond quickly to rapidly changing market conditions required that Enron flatten its organizational structure and hire new people whose skills were better suited to the new decentralized organization. The focus of the new Enron accordingly became human and intellectual capital, not physical assets. Employees were encouraged to move about the firm to staff new business ventures. And in what may well be a unique feature in corporate America, Enron's top management today uses its human capital flows to guide its allocations of financial capital. Other aspects of the Enron model include attempts to capitalize on the option (as opposed to current DCF) value of assets, recognition of the value of networks in adding value to trading platforms, and the use of mark-to-market accounting for business transactions as a means of ensuring transparency and promoting timely decision-making. [source]


    THE ECONOMICS OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT.

    JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2005
    By L. G. Anderson.
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    EVALUATION OF RED CURRANTS (RIBES RUBRUM L.), BLACK CURRANTS (RIBES NIGRUM L.), RED AND GREEN GOOSEBERRIES (RIBES UVA-CRISPA) FOR POTENTIAL MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION USING IN VITRO MODELS

    JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2010
    MARCIA DA SILVA PINTO
    ABSTRACT Red currants (Ribes rubrum L.), black currants (Ribes nigrum L.), red and green gooseberries (Ribes uva-crispa) were evaluated for the total phenolics, antioxidant capacity based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and functionality such as in vitro inhibition of ,-amylase, ,-glucosidase and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) relevant for potential management of hyperglycemia and hypertension. The total phenolics content ranged from 3.2 (green gooseberries) to 13.5 (black currants) mg/g fruit fresh weight. No correlation was found between total phenolics and antioxidant activity. The major phenolic compounds were quercetin derivatives (black currants and green gooseberries) and chlorogenic acid (red currants and red gooseberries). Red currants had the highest ,-glucosidase, ,-amylase and ACE inhibitory activities. Therefore red currants could be good dietary sources with potential antidiabetes and antihypertension functionality to compliment overall dietary management of early stages of type 2 diabetes. [source]


    HEALTH BENEFITS OF APPLE PHENOLICS FROM POSTHARVEST STAGES FOR POTENTIAL TYPE 2 DIABETES MANAGEMENT USING IN VITRO MODELS

    JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2010
    I. ADYANTHAYA
    ABSTRACT An increasing number of studies indicate that regular intake of fruits and vegetables have clear links to reduced risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The beneficial effects in many cases have been attributed to the phenolic and antioxidant content of the fruits and vegetables. Apples are a major source of fiber and contain good dietary phenolics with antioxidant function. Previous epidemiological studies have indicated that intake of apples reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Our studies indicate that this reduced risk is potentially because of the modulation of postprandial glucose increase by phenolics present in apples via inhibition of, -glucosidase. Phenolic content was evaluated during 3 months of postharvest storage of four varieties of apples and results indicated positive linkage to enhanced postharvest preservation and, -glucosidase inhibition. These in vitro results along with existing epidemiological studies provide strong biochemical rationale for further animal or human clinical studies. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The understanding of phenolic-linked antioxidant enzyme responses during postharvest storage of apples has implications for using the same phenolic functional ingredients toward health benefits such as ,-glucosidase inhibition linked to glycemic index control associated with type 2 diabetes. Therefore strategies to understand phenolic-linked postharvest preservation and natural treatments to extend this preservation in selected varieties, such as McIntosh and Cortland in this study, can be basis for food ingredient design for health benefits. These strategies can then be extended to prolong postharvest preservation and enhance phenolic linked human health benefits of a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. [source]


    HEALTH-RELATED FUNCTIONALITY OF PHENOLIC-ENRICHED PEA SPROUTS IN RELATION TO DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION MANAGEMENT

    JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2008
    ELIZABETH BURGUIERES
    ABSTRACT The rationale for this investigation is that phenolic content in light-modulated pea seedlings could be enhanced by exogenous elicitors with antioxidant potential such as folic acid and vitamin C. Such phenolic-enriched extracts may have health benefits to consumers. The antioxidant-linked functional attributes of the phenolic-enriched extracts were evaluated for potential health-related benefits. Specifically, effectiveness in inhibiting ,-amylase and ,-glucosidase in relation to hyperglycemia (linked to diabetes management), as well as inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme I (ACE I), in relation to hypertension, was evaluated. The results show that phenolic-enriched extracts had the ability to inhibit ,-amylase and ,-glucosidase activity. On the day with the highest total phenolic content, day 8, inhibition of ,-amylase and ,-glucosidase was most prominent. Further, the same extracts showed positive benefits for potential hypertension management reflected in the inhibition of ACE I. These results taken together indicated that light-sprouted pea seedling extracts when incorporated into the diet could contribute to potential management of hyperglycemia linked to diabetes and hypertension related to cardiovascular risk. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In this in vitro study results show the positive effect of the different phenolic-enriched pea sprouts on hyperglycemia risk factors. It is clear that phenolic-enriched pea sprouts have high antioxidant activity, ACE 1 inhibitory activity and also good inhibitory activity on carbohydrate-modulating enzyme such as alpha-glucosidase related to glucose absorption in the intestine. The potential for managing both glucose absorption and cellular redox dysfunction for preventing postprandial hyperglycemia linked to type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia-induced vascular complications leading to hypertension can be designed in part through food systems and therefore provides the rationale basis for further clinical studies. This strategy can be further extended to enhance phenolic-linked health benefits of a wide variety of legumes, fruits and vegetables and therefore can be the basis for food ingredient design for functional food applications. [source]


    INHIBITORY POTENTIAL OF WINE AND TEA AGAINST ,-AMYLASE AND ,-GLUCOSIDASE FOR MANAGEMENT OF HYPERGLYCEMIA LINKED TO TYPE 2 DIABETES

    JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2008
    YOUNG-IN KWON
    ABSTRACT Natural ,-amylase and ,-glucosidase inhibitors from food-grade plants offer an attractive strategy to manage postprandial hyperglycemia for type 2 diabetes management via control of starch breakdown and intestinal glucose absorption. In this study, four random sources of red and white wines as well as four types of teas were investigated for ,-amylase and ,-glucosidase inhibitory potential. Water extracts of black tea had the highest ,-glucosidase inhibitory activity, followed by white tea and oolong tea. All the randomly selected red wines had significant ,-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to white wine. The ,-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the tea and wines correlated to the phenolic content, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of the extracts. Further, these extracts had less or no ,-amylase inhibitory activity, indicating potential to overcome the side effects of undigested starch. This research has relevance for managing hyperglycemia and related oxidation-linked dysfunction and concurrently reducing problems of undigested starch. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In this study anti-diabetic-relevant potential of wines and teas were confirmed in four types of red and white wines as well as four types of commonly available teas using in vitro enzyme assays for alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities. In vitro inhibitory activities of these enzymes provide a strong biochemical rationale for further in vivo studies and dietary management strategy for type 2 diabetes through the control of glucose absorption. Further this phenolic antioxidant-enriched dietary strategy using specific beverage combinations can generate a whole food profile that has the potential to reduce hyperglycemia-induced pathogenesis and also associated complications linked to cellular oxidation stress. [source]


    DISCIPLINING THE PROFESSIONAL: THE CASE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT*

    JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 6 2002
    DAMIAN HODGSON
    Despite its rapid growth in recent years, Project Management has received very little critical attention, particularly when compared to the more ,hyped' managerial fashions such as TQM (cf. Wilkinson and Willmott, 1995) and BPR (cf. Grey and Mitev, 1995; Grint, 1994). My intention in this paper is to critically examine the ongoing construction of Project Management as a professional discipline in modern organizations. Drawing on an understanding of ,discipline' based in Foucauldian work, I will briefly trace the historical construction of Project Management as a form of managerial knowledge, outlining the key models and techniques which make up contemporary Project Management. Through an empirical study of the articulation and reproduction of Project Management within two Financial Services institutions, the everyday construction of Project Management as an ,objective' and ,abstract' body of knowledge will be described. I then contrast this with the embodied and power-laden operation of Project Management, with disciplinary effects not only on those employees whose work is restructured in line with Project Management principles but equally upon self-professed Project Management professionals themselves. [source]


    PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF DIET AND LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS FOR PEOPLE WITH DIABETES OR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

    JOURNAL OF RENAL CARE, Issue 2010
    Fiona Symes BSc (Hons)
    SUMMARY Increased collaboration between the vascular specialities is clearly leading to increased understanding of the interrelationships between the different disease states and how each impacts and influences the other. This advantage will be reflected in improved patient care if the practical outputs of this growing knowledge are carefully implemented at service level. This article outlines how the aspects of diet and lifestyle associated with vascular-related disease complement, contrast and in some cases contradict each other. It gives information and guidelines as to how the expertise of dietitians working in the different specialist areas might usefully be shared to be of maximum advantage to all patients. [source]