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Mantel-Haenszel Test (mantel-haenszel + test)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	80%

Selected Abstracts

Differential associations of Head and Body Symptoms with depression and physical comorbidity in patients with cognitive impairment

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 3 2004
Roberta Riello
Abstract Objective To test the hypothesis that physical symptoms referred to the head might be specifically associated with depression in patients with cognitive impairment. Methods Subjects were taken from those enrolled in ,The Mild Project' a prospective study on the natural history of mild dementia (Mini Mental State Examination,,,18) and with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. A total of 129 subjects were included in the study. Physical symptoms were assessed with a checklist investigating nine different body organs or apparati. Physical symptoms were grouped into those referred to the head (Head Symptoms: ear and hearing; eyes and sight; and head and face) and all the others (Body Symptoms). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and physical comorbidity with Greenfield's Index of Disease Severity (IDS). Results The number of patients reporting one or more Head Symptoms linearly increased with increasing depression severity (Mantel-Haenszel test,=,6.497, df,=,1, p,=,0.011), while the number of patients reporting one or more Body Symptoms linearly increased with increasing physical comorbidity (Mantel-Haenszel test,=,4.726, df,=,1, p,=,0.030). These associations were confirmed in multivariate logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounders (age, gender, education, cognitive performance, daily function, and diagnosis). Conclusions Head Symptoms are specifically associated with depression while Body Symptoms with physical comorbidity, in patients with cognitive impairment. Recognizing these associations in individual patients may help clinicians decide whether to initiate or continue antidepressant therapy or whether to carry out physical instrumental investigations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

An Odds Ratio Approach for Assessing Differential Distractor Functioning Effects under the Nominal Response Model

JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT, Issue 3 2008
Randall D. Penfield
Investigations of differential distractor functioning (DDF) can provide valuable information concerning the location and possible causes of measurement invariance within a multiple-choice item. In this article, I propose an odds ratio estimator of the DDF effect as modeled under the nominal response model. In addition, I propose a simultaneous distractor-level (SDL) test of invariance based on the results of the distractor-level tests of DDF. The results of a simulation study indicated that the DDF effect estimator maintained good statistical properties under a variety of conditions, and the SDL test displayed substantially higher power than the traditional Mantel-Haenszel test of no DIF when the DDF effect varied in magnitude and/or size across the distractors. [source]

Anti,U3 RNP autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 4 2009
Rohit Aggarwal
Objective To describe the classification, demographic and clinical features, and survival in anti,U3 RNP autoantibody,positive patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods Medical records of 108 anti,U3 RNP,positive and 2,471 anti,U3 RNP,negative SSc patients first evaluated during 1985,2003 were reviewed. Anti,U3 RNP antibody was detected by protein and RNA immunoprecipitation. Disease classification, demographic and clinical features, organ system involvement, and survival were compared between the 2 patient groups, by Student's t -test, chi-square analysis, and Mantel-Haenszel test. Results The anti,U3 RNP,positive group had a higher proportion of African American patients (27% versus 5%; P < 0.001) and male patients (29% versus 19%; P = 0.021), and was younger at the time of first physician diagnosis (mean age 42.8 years versus 47.4 years; P = 0.001). The 2 groups had similar proportions of patients with diffuse cutaneous involvement (47% and 45% in those with and those without anti,U3 RNP, respectively). However, among patients with diffuse cutaneous involvement, the mean maximum modified Rodnan skin score was significantly lower in the anti,U3 RNP group (22.3 versus 27.9; P < 0.001). Skeletal muscle involvement was more frequent in anti,U3 RNP,positive patients (25% versus 14%; P = 0.002), as was "intrinsic" pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (31% versus 13%; P < 0.001). The frequency of gastrointestinal involvement, cardiac involvement, pulmonary fibrosis, and "renal crisis" did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Survival was worse in the anti,U3 RNP,positive group (hazard ratio 1.38 [95% confidence interval 1.05,1.82]). PAH was the most common known cause of death in patients with anti,U3 RNP (30%, versus 10% in the anti,U3 RNP,negative group; P < 0.001). Conclusion The present findings demonstrate that the frequencies of African American race and male sex are greater among SSc patients with anti,U3 RNP antibody than those without, and the former group is younger at SSc diagnosis. Anti,U3 RNP,positive patients have more frequent skeletal muscle involvement and PAH, the latter being the most common cause of death. [source]

Prognostic ability of simplified nuclear grading of renal cell carcinoma

CANCER, Issue 5 2007
Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq MD
Abstract BACKGROUND. The Fuhrman grading system is an established predictor of survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The predictive accuracy of various Fuhrman grading schemes was tested with the intent of improving the prediction of RCC-specific survival (RCC-SS). METHODS. The analyses targeted 5453 patients from 14 institutions. Univariable, multivariable, and predictive accuracy analyses addressed RCC-SS. The statistical significance of the gain in predictive accuracy was quantified with the Mantel-Haenszel test. RESULTS. The median follow-up time was 4.5 years. In both univariable and multivariable analyses, Fuhrman grade achieved independent predictor status regardless of the coding scheme. When Fuhrman grade was not considered in multivariable analyses, the predictive accuracy was 83.8%. Addition of Fuhrman grade to the multivariable model resulted in predictive accuracy gains of 0.8% for all 3 grading schemes tested. CONCLUSION. Fuhrman grade must to be considered when RCC-SS is assessed. However, modified or conventional Fuhrman grading schemes perform equally well as the conventional grading system. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society. [source]

Effect of maternal antibiotic treatment on fetal periventricular white matter cell death in a rabbit intrauterine infection model

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 1 2003
T Debillon
Aim: To evaluate the effects of maternal antibiotic treatment on fetal brain cell death in a rabbit intrauterine infection model. Methods: After Escherichia coli uterine-horn inoculation in 22 pregnant rabbits, followed at various times by ceftriaxone and caesarean section, cell death in white matter (histology and fragmented DNA staining) from fetuses killed at extraction was compared across groups using the Mantel-Haenszel test and Fisher's exact test for small numbers. Results: White matter cell death was consistently present at 48 h, with ceftriaxone initiation at 24 h (group 1), detectable at 84 but not 60 h, with ceftriaxone initiation at 12 h, and significantly reduced at 84 h with ceftriaxone initiation at 6 h (60% vs 100% in group 1, p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Conclusion: Early maternal antibiotic therapy delays white matter cell death in rabbit fetuses exposed to intrauterine infection. This may provide a window for preventing white matter damage. [source]