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Mankin Score (mankin + score)
Selected AbstractsComparison of cobalt chromium, ceramic and pyrocarbon hemiprostheses in a rabbit model: Ceramic leads to more cartilage damage than cobalt chromiumJOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2008Martin Jung Abstract Cartilage wear after hemiarthroplasty remains a problem in orthopedic surgery. The main cause of cartilage wear, apart from incongruency of the joint partners, is generally considered to be the tribology of the material surfaces. This study evaluates in 27 rabbits the degree of cartilage wear of the tibia plateau after hemiarthroplasty with proximal interphalangeal prostheses made of three different materials [cobalt chromium (CoCr), pyrocarbon (PyCa), and ceramic (Cer)]. Three months after hemiarthroplasty, the articulating tibial cartilage was histomorphologically examined and degenerative damage was graded using the modified Mankin score. The mechanical capacity of the cartilage was assessed by stress relaxation testing. The biomechanical properties of the cartilage were significantly superior in the CoCr group as compared with the Cer group (p < 0.03), indicating less damage to the articulating cartilage surface. The Mankin score showed significantly lower values in the CoCr compared with Cer group (p = 0.011), whereas no differences were found between PyCa and CoCr or PyCa and Cer. In contrast to earlier reports, in this hemiarthroplasty model, the CoCr alloy showed less cartilage damage than a ceramic surface. Further, in vivo experiments are necessary to elucidate the controversial issue of the most suitable material for hemiarthroplasty. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008 [source] Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) increases the articular cartilage type II collagen in a rat osteoarthritis modelJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2010Kiyohito Naito Abstract In this study, the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on cartilage was evaluated in a rat osteoarthritis (OA) model using serum biomarkers such as CTX-II (type II collagen degradation) and CPII (type II collagen synthesis) as well as histological criteria (Mankin score and immunohistochemical type II collagen staining). OA was surgically induced in the knee joint of rats by anterior cruciate/medial collateral ligament transection and medial meniscus resection (ACLT,+,MMx). Animals were divided into three groups: sham-operated group (Sham), ACLT,+,MMx group without LIPUS (,LIPUS), and ACLT,+,MMx group with LIPUS (+LIPUS; 30 mW/cm2, 20 min/day for 28 days). CTX-II levels were elevated in both ,LIPUS and +LIPUS groups compared to that in the Sham group after the operation, but there was no significant difference between +LIPUS and ,LIPUS groups, suggesting that LIPUS does not affect the degradation of type II collagen in this model. In contrast, CPII was significantly increased in +LIPUS group compared to ,LIPUS and Sham. Moreover, histological damage on the cartilage (Mankin score) was ameliorated by LIPUS, and type II collagen was immunohistochemically increased by LIPUS in the cartilage of an OA model. Of interest, mRNA expression of type II collagen was enhanced by LIPUS in chondrocytes. Together these observations suggest that LIPUS is likely to increase the type II collagen synthesis in articular cartilage, possibly via the activation of chondrocytes and induction of type II collagen mRNA expression, thereby exhibiting chondroprotective action in a rat OA model. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:361,369, 2010 [source] Ultrastructural findings after intraarticular application of hyaluronan in a canine model of arthropathyJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2000W. Wenz We investigated the effect of intraarticularly applied hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) on the cartilaginous structure of experimentally induced chondromalacia patellae in dogs. For the induction of chondromalacia, we used the Pond-Nuki technique, which involved severance and resection of the anterior cruciate ligament, as a canine model of arthropathy in 27 foxhounds (three groups of nine animals each). In a pilot study, we evaluated the effect of resection of the anterior cruciate ligament with no therapy. Patellar specimens were retrieved at 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Subsequently, we compared a treatment group that received intraarticular injections of hyaluronan with a placebo group that received saline solution. The groups were compared at 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Three animals from the treatment and placebo groups received five injections of hyaluronan during one of the 4-week intervals (weeks 3,6, 6,9, or 12,15). Specimens were retrieved 5 weeks after the last injection. In both groups, the uninvolved contralateral knee served as a control. The specimens were taken from the medial and lateral patellar poles. Histological analysis included light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The structural and ultrastructural changes were assessed qualitatively and were quantified with use of a modified Mankin score. Our results indicate that chondromalacia patellae may be induced with the Pond-Nuki technique. We found a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of cartilaginous lesions in the hyaluronan group compared with the placebo group. Our results suggest that intraarticularly applied hyaluronan is effective in delaying the degenerative process of cartilage degradation. Therefore, we conclude that the use of hyaluronan may be indicated during the early stages of chondromalacia. [source] Control of Dkk-1 ameliorates chondrocyte apoptosis, cartilage destruction, and subchondral bone deterioration in osteoarthritic kneesARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 5 2010Lin-Hsiu Weng Objective Perturbation of Wnt signaling components reportedly regulates chondrocyte fate and joint disorders. The Wnt inhibitor Dkk-1 mediates remodeling of various tissue types. We undertook this study to examine whether control of Dkk-1 expression prevents joint deterioration in osteoarthritic (OA) knees. Methods Anterior cruciate ligament transection,and collagenase-induced OA in rat knees was treated with end-capped phosphorothioate Dkk-1 antisense oligonucleotide (Dkk-1,AS). Articular cartilage destruction, cartilage degradation markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and subchondral trabecular bone volume of injured knee joints were measured using Mankin scoring, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, dual x-ray absorptiometry, and histomorphometry. Dkk-1,responsive molecule expression and apoptotic cells in knee tissue were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase,polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and TUNEL staining. Results Up-regulated Dkk-1 expression was associated with increased Mankin score and with increased serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) during OA development. Dkk-1,AS treatment alleviated OA-associated increases in Dkk-1 expression, Mankin score, cartilage fibrillation, and serum cartilage degradation markers. Dkk-1,AS also alleviated epiphyseal BMD loss and subchondral bone exposure associated with altered serum levels of osteocalcin and CTX-I. The treatment abrogated chondrocyte/osteoblast apoptosis and subchondral trabecular bone remodeling in OA. Dkk-1 knockdown increased levels of nuclear ,-catenin and phosphorylated Ser473 -Akt but attenuated expression of inflammatory factors (Toll-like receptor 4 [TLR-4], TLR-9, interleukin-1,, and tumor necrosis factor ,), the apoptosis regulator Bax, matrix metalloproteinase 3, and RANKL in OA knee joints. Conclusion Interference with the cartilage- and bone-deleterious actions of Dkk-1 provides therapeutic potential for alleviating cartilage destruction and subchondral bone damage in OA knee joints. [source] Expression of MicroRNA-146a in osteoarthritis cartilageARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 4 2009Keiichiro Yamasaki Objective A role of microRNA, which are ,22-nucleotide noncoding RNAs, has recently been recognized in human diseases. The objective of this study was to identify the expression pattern of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) in cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods The expression of miR-146a in cartilage from 15 patients with OA was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by in situ hybridization. Induction of the expression of miR-146a by cultures of normal human articular chondrocytes following stimulation with interleukin-1, (IL-1,) was examined by quantitative RT-PCR. Results All cartilage samples were divided into 3 groups according to a modification of the Mankin score (grade I = mild OA scored 0,5, grade II = moderate OA scored 6,10, and grade III = severe OA scored 11,14). In grade I OA cartilage samples, the expression of miR-146a and COL2A1 was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). In grades II and III OA cartilage, the expression of miR-146a and COL2A1 was decreased, whereas the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) was elevated in grade II OA cartilage. These data showed that miR-146a is expressed intensely in cartilage with a low Mankin grade and that miR-146a expression decreases in parallel with the level of MMP-13 expression. Tissue section in situ hybridization of primary miR-146a (pri-miR-146a) revealed that pri-miR-146a was expressed in chondrocytes residing in all tissue layers, especially in the superficial layer, where it was intensely expressed. The expression of miR-146 was markedly elevated by IL-1, stimulation in human chondrocytes in vitro. Conclusion This study shows that miR-146 is intensely expressed in low-grade OA cartilage and that its expression is induced by stimulation of IL-1,. Thus, miR-146 might play a role in OA cartilage pathogenesis. [source] Expression of ADAMTS4 (aggrecanase-1) in human osteoarthritic cartilagePATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 11 2007Satoko Naito A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)1, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 15, members of the ADAMTS gene family, have the ability to degrade a major cartilage proteoglycan, aggrecan, at the specific sites, and thus are called ,aggrecanases'. The expression of these ADAMTS species was examined in human osteoarthritic articular cartilage on reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated the predominant expression of ADAMTS4 in osteoarthritic cartilage, while ADAMTS5 was constitutively expressed in osteoarthritic and normal cartilage. ADAMTS9 was expressed mainly in normal cartilage, whereas no or negligible expression of ADAMTS1, 8 and 15 was observed in either osteoarthritic or normal cartilage. In situ hybridization for ADAMTS4 indicated that chondrocytes in osteoarthritic cartilage expressed the mRNA. Two monoclonal antibodies to ADAMTS4 were developed, and immunolocalized ADAMTS4 to chondrocytes in the proteoglycan-depleted zones of osteoarthritic cartilage, showing a direct correlation with the Mankin scores. Immunoblotting indicated a major protein band of 58 kDa in the chondrocyte culture media and osteoarthritic cartilage tissue homogenates. These data demonstrate that among the six ADAMTS species, ADAMTS4 is mainly expressed in an active form in osteoarthritic cartilage, and suggest that ADAMTS4 may play an important role in the degradation of aggrecan in human osteoarthritic cartilage. [source] | ||||||||||