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Mandibular Morphology (mandibular + morphology)
Selected AbstractsMandibular Morphology as an Indicator of Human Subadult Age: Interlandmark Approaches,JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 5 2007Daniel Franklin Ph.D. Abstract:, The dentition is widely recognized as the set of developmental markers that appear to show the least variability against chronological age; these markers are thus widely used in forensic anthropological investigations. As a possible alternative, we investigate here the potential of mandibular morphology as a developmental marker for estimating age at death in subadults. The sample analyzed comprises 79 known age and sex subadult individuals of South African Bantu and African American origin. Linear measurements of ramus height were obtained from the mathematical conversion of three-dimensional landmark data. A series of regression analyses were then performed to predict age by using the measurement of ramus height; results were cross-validated using a jackknife procedure. Our results show that ramus height can be used to predict age in the subadult skeleton with accuracy, closely approaching that of standards based on the dentition (standard error rates are between ±1.1 years and ±2.4 years). [source] Observation of three cases of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and mandibular morphology during adolescence using helical CTJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 4 2004K. Yamada summary, Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is a potential cause of craniofacial deformity. If TMJ OA appears during orthodontic treatment, the mandible usually rotates posteriorly, resulting in an unsatisfactory profile, especially in patients with pre-treatment mandibular retrusion. Although it is important to confirm the kind of TMJ pathosis at the start of orthodontic treatment, the relationship between TMJ OA, condylar remodelling and changes in craniofacial morphology remains unclear because of a lack of longitudinal studies. Elucidating this relationship might allow better prediction of post-treatment craniofacial morphology. In the present case reports, helical computed tomography and cephalometry were used to analyse relationships between the pattern and location of condylar remodelling and the changes in craniofacial morphology in three patients with TMJ OA. [source] Hyoid position, pharyngeal airway and head posture in relation to relapse after the mandibular setback in skeletal Class IIIORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2000Gaoman Gu This study evaluates the process of relapse after mandibular setback surgery by an analysis of the role of craniofacial morphology, hyoid position, pharyngeal airway and head posture. Subjects examined were 62 patients who received the sagittal split ramus osteotomies (SSRO). Changes of the craniofacial and related structures were evaluated from the serial cephalograms up to 3 years after the surgery. Results indicated that mandibular relapse represented by Pg occurred mostly within 6 months after the surgery. A net setback of the mandible was 9.1 mm and the superior move was 1.7 mm, with a reduction of 7.2 mm in mandibular length, 4.2 mm in ramus height, 3.7 mm in posterior face height, 2.6° in gonial angle, an increase of 2.9° in mandibular plane angle (MPA) by the last examination. Hyoid bone moved backward and downward and head posture was raised. The forward relapse of Pg was correlated with the changes of ANB, MPA, ramus height and hyoid position. Only hyoid position was predictably correlated with mandibular morphology and head posture. These findings suggest that mandibular setback alters the relationship among the hyoid position, pharyngeal airway and the head posture. It might be critical, therefore, relapse is closely monitored and controlled before the full healing of fragments and new muscular balance is established. [source] Neandertal mandibles from the Sima de las Palomas del Cabezo Gordo, Murcia, southeastern SpainAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Michael J. Walker Abstract The Middle Paleolithic levels of the Sima de las Palomas have yielded eight partial mandibles (Palomas 1, 6, 7, 23, 49, 59, 80, and 88). Palomas 7, 49, 80, and 88 are immature, and Palomas 49, 59, 80, and 88 are among the latest Neandertals (,40,000 cal BP). Palomas 1 is geologically older (,50,000,60,000 cal BP), and the other three were found ex situ. The mandibles exhibit a suite of characteristics that align them with the Neandertals among later Pleistocene humans, including symphyseal morphology, symphyseal orientation, corpus robusticity, distal mental foramen position, retromolar space presence, wide immature dental arcade, and high-coronoid process with an asymmetrical mandibular notch. However, Palomas 6 lacks a retromolar space, Palomas 59 has a narrow lateral corpus, and Palomas 80 has a mesial mental foramen and open mandibular foramen. The Palomas mandibles therefore help to document that the late Middle Paleolithic of southern Iberia was the product of Neandertals. They also reinforce the presence of variability in both metric and discrete aspects of Neandertal mandibular morphology, both within and across samples, some of which may be temporal and/or geographic in nature. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] New hominid fossils from Woranso-Mille (Central Afar, Ethiopia) and taxonomy of early AustralopithecusAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Yohannes Haile-Selassie Abstract The phylogenetic relationship between Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus afarensis has been hypothesized as ancestor-descendant. However, the weakest part of this hypothesis has been the absence of fossil samples between 3.6 and 3.9 million years ago. Here we describe new fossil specimens from the Woranso-Mille site in Ethiopia that are directly relevant to this issue. They derive from sediments chronometrically dated to 3.57,3.8 million years ago. The new fossil specimens are largely isolated teeth, partial mandibles, and maxillae, and some postcranial fragments. However, they shed some light on the relationships between Au. anamensis and Au. afarensis. The dental morphology shows closer affinity with Au. anamensis from Allia Bay/Kanapoi (Kenya) and Asa Issie (Ethiopia) than with Au. afarensis from Hadar (Ethiopia). However, they are intermediate in dental and mandibular morphology between Au. anamensis and the older Au. afarensis material from Laetoli. The new fossils lend strong support to the hypothesized ancestor-descendant relationship between these two early Australopithecus species. The Woranso-Mille hominids cannot be unequivocally assigned to either taxon due to their dental morphological intermediacy. This could be an indication that the Kanapoi, Allia Bay, and Asa Issie Au. anamensis is the primitive form of Au. afarensis at Hadar with the Laetoli and Woranso-Mille populations sampling a mosaic of morphological features from both ends. It is particularly difficult to draw a line between Au. anamensis and Au. afarensis in light of the new discoveries from Woranso-Mille. The morphology provides no evidence that Au. afarensis and Au. anamensis represent distinct taxa. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||