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Kinds of Makes Terms modified by Makes Selected AbstractsCHICAGO MADE: Factory Networks in the Industrial Metropolis.GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 3 2010By Robert Lewis. No abstract is available for this article. [source] DEFINING QUIT ATTEMPTS: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES A DAY MAKE?ADDICTION, Issue 2 2005MATTHEW J. CARPENTER No abstract is available for this article. [source] THINK AGAIN: WHAT MAKES A LEADER?BUSINESS STRATEGY REVIEW, Issue 3 2010Rob Goffee Leadership cannot be faked, say Rob Goffee and Gareth Jones. All the self-help books in the world won't make you a leader , but there are four characteristics you must have. [source] WHAT MAKES A CGRP2 RECEPTOR?CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 10 2007DL Hay SUMMARY 1Heterogeneity in the receptors for the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been apparent for nearly 20 years. This is most clearly manifested in the observation of CGRP8,37 -sensitive and -insensitive populations of CGRP-activated receptors. The pA2 values for CGRP8,37 in excess of 7 are widely considered to be the result of antagonism of CGRP1 receptors, whereas those below 7 are believed to be the consequence of antagonism of a second population of receptors, namely CGRP2 receptors. 2However, a multitude of pA2 values exist for CGRP8,37, spanning several log units, and as such no obvious clusters of values are apparent. Understanding the molecular nature of the receptors that underlie this phenomenon is likely to aid the development of selective pharmacological tools to progress our understanding of the physiology of CGRP and related peptides. Because there is active development of CGRP agonists and antagonists as therapeutics, such information would also further this pursuit. 3The CGRP1 receptor is pharmacologically and molecularly well defined as a heterodimer of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CL) and receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP) 1. The CL/RAMP1 complex is highly sensitive to CGRP8,37. Conversely, the constituents of the CGRP2 receptor have not been identified. In fact, there is little evidence for a distinct molecular entity that represents the CGRP2 receptor. 4Recent pharmacological characterization of receptors related to CGRP1 has revealed that some of these receptors may explain CGRP2 receptor pharmacology. Specifically, AMY1(a) (calcitonin receptor/RAMP1) and AM2 (CL/RAMP3) receptors can be activated by CGRP but are relatively insensitive to CGRP8,37. 5This, along with other supporting data, suggests that the ,CGRP2 receptor' that has been extensively reported in the literature may, in fact, be an amalgamation of contributions from a variety of CGRP-activated receptors. The use of appropriate combinations of agonists and antagonists, along with receptor expression studies, could allow such receptors to be separated. [source] Something Incredibly Wonderful Happens: Frank Oppenheimer and the World He Made UpCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010Tom Shapiro No abstract is available for this article. [source] Poetic Experience: Found or Made?ENGLISH IN EDUCATION, Issue 3 2002Andrew Stables Abstract This article considers the arguments for seeing work rather than response as key to poetic experience, and therefore to the development of such experience in the classroom. This is worth exploring not only in terms of the 1iterature/literacy curriculum, but with respect to the curriculum as a whole, since poetry is often invoked as an important, and under exploited, resource for the development of both cross-curricular learning and responsible and sustainable citizenship. However, there is a danger of the poetic being reduced in such arguments to a vague and philosophically suspect notion of self-expression grounded in ,response'. This can be exacerbated by the adherence to the notion of a pre-existing Romantic Ego that often characterises ,personal growth' approaches to Englis/language teaching. [source] The Influence of Tetracycline Loading on the Surface Morphology and Biocompatibility of Films Made from P(3HB) Microspheres,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 7 2010Lydia Francis Tetracycline, an antibiotic used against a broad range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was encapsulated in microspheres made of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) P(3HB), a microbial biodegradable polymer isolated from Bacillus cereus SPV. The drug loaded microspheres were prepared using an oil emulsion technique and compressed uniaxially to produce films. Although the same fabrication conditions were used for preparing the drug loaded and unloaded microspheres, the presence of the drug changed the surface morphology and roughness of the films. The surface morphology of the drug loaded films appeared uneven and coarser and the roughness, with an average root mean square value of 5.89,µm, was significantly higher than that of the unloaded film. The in vitro biocompatibility of the films was investigated using a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) by comparing cell viability on the films to that on conventional tissue culture plastics. Both films appear to support cell growth but cell attachment and percentage cell viability were greater on the drug loaded films (32% of control) compared to the unloaded film (10% of control), possibly as a result of the non-uniform surface morphology and increased roughness of the drug loaded film. Thus, the above results illustrate that the drug loaded films, in addition to being a suitable matrix for drug delivery, represent an improved substrate for keratinocyte cell attachment. [source] Proteolytically Degradable Photo-Polymerized Hydrogels Made From PEG,Fibrinogen Adducts,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 6 2010Daniel Dikovsky Abstract We develop a biomaterial based on protein,polymer conjugates where poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer chains are covalently linked to multiple thiols on denatured fibrinogen. We hypothesize that conjugation of large diacrylate-functionalized linear PEG chains to fibrinogen could govern the molecular architecture of the polymer network via a unique protein,polymer interaction. The hypothesis is explored using carefully designed shear rheometry and swelling experiments of the hydrogels and their precursor PEG/fibrinogen conjugate solutions. The physical properties of non-cross-linked and UV cross-linked PEGylated fibrinogen having PEG molecular weights ranging from 10 to 20,kDa are specifically investigated. Attaching multiple hydrophilic, functionalized PEG chains to the denatured fibrinogen solubilizes the denatured protein and enables a rapid free-radical polymerization cross-linking reaction in the hydrogel precursor solution. As expected, the conjugated protein-polymer macromolecular complexes act to mediate the interactions between radicals and unsaturated bonds during the free-radical polymerization reaction, when compared to control PEG hydrogels. Accordingly, the cross-linking kinetics and stiffness of the cross-linked hydrogel are highly influenced by the protein,polymer conjugate architecture and molecular entanglements arising from hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions and steric hindrances. The proteolytic degradation products of the protein,polymer conjugates proves to be were different from those of the non-conjugated denatured protein degradation products, indicating that steric hindrances may alter the proteolytic susceptibility of the PEG,protein adduct. A more complete understanding of the molecular complexities associated with this type of protein-polymer conjugation can help to identify the full potential of a biomaterial that combines the advantages of synthetic polymers and bioactive proteins. [source] Photopolymerizable Hydrogels Made from Polymer-Conjugated Albumin for Affinity-Based Drug Delivery,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 1-2 2010Liat Oss-Ronen As a drug delivery vehicle, biodegradable albumin hydrogels can combine the high binding capacity of albumin with the structural stability of a polymeric hydrogel network to enable controlled release of small molecules based on both binding affinity and physical interactions. In the present study, we report on the development of a hybrid hydrogel composed of albumin conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) for drug delivery applications where controlled release is accomplished using the natural affinity of the drugs to the serum albumin. Bovine serum albumin was conjugated to PEG-diacrylate having a molecular weight of 1.5, 4, or 10,kDa to form a PEGylated albumin macromolecule (mono-PEGylated or multi-PEGylated). Biodegradable hydrogels were formed from the PEGylated albumin using photopolymerization. Two model drugs, Warfarin and Naproxen, were used for equilibrium dialysis and release experiments from the hydrogels, both having relatively low molecular weights and a known high affinity for albumin. Equilibrium dialysis experiments showed that multi-PEGylation of albumin significantly decreased the drug affinity to the protein compared to non-PEGylated controls, irrespective of the PEG molecular weight. However, the results from drug release experiments showed that mono-PEGylation of albumin did not change its natural affinity to the drug. Comparing the release profiles with a Fickian diffusion model provided strong evidence that hydrogels containing mono-PEGylated albumin exhibited sub-diffusive drug release properties based on the affinity of the drug to the tethered protein. [source] A Substrate-Selective Nanoreactor Made of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Containing Catalytic Silver NanoparticlesADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 16 2009Song jun Li Abstract An original, substrate-selective nanoreactor is designed and characterized. The nanoreactor made of a 4-nitrophonel (NP)-imprinted polymer and Ag nanoparticles, can specifically recognize NP compared with its analogues 4-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA) and 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenol (DNP). Under comparable conditions, this nanoreactor significantly accelerated the reduction of NP; however, much less acceleration is shown for its analogues. Unlike traditional Ag nanoreactors, which lack molecular recognition abilities, this unique nanoreactor is composed of molecularly imprinted networks, making substrate-selective catalysis feasible. [source] Energy-Modulated Heterostructures Made with Conjugated Polymers for Directional Energy Transfer and Carrier Confinement,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 15 2007R. Favarim Abstract In this paper we demonstrate that multilayer structures with modulated bandgaps can be used for efficient energy transfer and carrier confinement inside a nanostructured film of a light-emitting polymer. The films were produced with the layer-by-layer technique (LbL) with a poly(p -phenylene vinylene) (PPV) precursor and a long chain dodecylbenzenesulfonate ion (DBS). DBS is incorporated selectively into the precursor chain, and with a rapid, low temperature conversion process (100,°C) superstructures with variable HOMO,LUMO gap could be formed along the deposition direction by changing the DBS concentration. Structures with different stair-type energy modulations were produced, which are thermally stable and reproducible, as demonstrated by UV-VIS. absorption measurements. Energy differences of up to 0.5,eV between the lowest and highest conjugated layers inside the stair structure could be achieved, which was sufficient to guide the excitation over long distances to the lower bandgap layer. [source] Aligned Gold Nanorods in Silica Made by Ion Irradiation of Core,Shell Colloidal Particles,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 3 2004S. Roorda Colloidal particles with a 14,nm diameter Au core surrounded by a 72,nm thick silica shell have been irradiated with 30,MeV heavy ions. The shell deforms into an oblate ellipsoid, while the core becomes rod-shaped (aspect ratio up to 9) with the major axis along the beam. Optical extinction measurements show evidence for split plasmon bands, characteristic for anisotropic metal nanoparticles. [source] Consolidating the Gains Made in Diplomacy Studies: A Taxonomy,INTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 1 2008Stuart Murray Since the end of the Cold War, the scope and study of diplomacy has expanded. In the modern diplomatic environment, novel terms such as pipeline diplomacy, coercive diplomacy, diplomacy by sanction and citizen diplomacy are common, alongside the more traditional view of diplomacy as state-to-state activity, monopolized by professional, official diplomats. With such a broad range of views, the scholar can become confused as to what actually constitutes modern diplomacy? In this article, it is argued that the disparity of views in the diplomacy studies field must be classified and consolidated before the enhanced role of diplomacy in the twenty-first century can be better understood. In this article, three different classifications or schools of diplomatic thought are introduced and constructed: the Traditional School, the Nascent School, and the Innovative School. [source] The Impact of Grape Skin Bioactive Functionality Information on the Acceptability of Tea Infusions Made from Wine By-ProductsJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 4 2010Vern Jou Cheng ABSTRACT:, The effect of information on the health benefits of bio-active compounds on the acceptability of 5 tea infusions made from grape skins generated from wine processing waste (from,Vitis vinifera,var. Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris) was investigated. Samples of tea infusions with natural additives (PNHGT25 and PGGT50) and without additives (control PN, control PG, and PNPG50) were evaluated by 45 in-home consumer panels (30 female, 15 male) before and after information on the health benefits of grape skins were provided. Information significantly increased the overall acceptability, overall aroma, flavor, and aftertaste of the infusions. The results obtained showed a clear tendency toward increased purchase intention (by 29%) when information on the health benefits of the tea infusion samples was provided to consumers. Interactions existed between gender/infusion samples and stage of information on the purchase intention. Females recorded a significant increase (by 53%) in purchase intention, whereas no change in the males' purchase intention was found after information was provided. [source] Sensory Profiles of Bread Made from Paired Samples of Organic and Conventionally Grown Wheat GrainJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 4 2007L.E. Annett ABSTRACT:, The Canadian hard red spring wheat cultivar "Park" was grown in 2005 in Edmonton, AB, Canada on both conventionally and organically managed land, situated less than 1 km apart. Grains from the paired wheat samples were compared for cereal-grain-quality attributes. For sensory analysis, organically and conventionally produced wheat grains were milled into flour and baked into 60% whole wheat bread. Color, texture, taste, and aroma attributes of bread were compared using the sensory technique of descriptive analysis. Organic grain contained more wholemeal protein than conventional grain (P, 0.05), but both were greater than 14% protein, indicating excellent grain quality for yeast-leavened bread. Mixograph analysis revealed that conventional flour produced stronger bread dough than organic flour (P, 0.05). Visual observation confirmed these findings as conventional flour produced larger bread loaf volume. Fourteen sensory attributes were generated by the descriptive analysis panel. No differences were observed for flavor, aroma, or color attributes (P > 0.05), but the panel perceived the organic bread to be more "dense" in texture (P, 0.05) with smaller air cells in the appearance of the crumb (P, 0.05) than conventional bread. [source] Comparison of Texture of Yogurt Made from Conventionally Treated Milk and UHT Milk Fortified with Low-heat Skim Milk PowderJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2004W. Krasaekoopt ABSTRACT: The textures of yogurt made from ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated and conventionally treated milks at high total solids were investigated. The yogurt premixes, fortified with low-heat skim milk powder to 16%, 18%, and 20% total solids, were UHT processed at 143°C for 6 s and heated at 85°C for 30 min using the conventional method. The onset of gelation was delayed in the UHT-processed milk compared with conventionally heated milk. During fermentation, the viscosity of yogurt made from UHT-treated milk at 20% total solids was close to that of yogurt made from conventionally treated milk with 16% total solids. However, after storage for , 1 d, the yogurt made from UHT-treated milk had lower viscosity and gel strength than the yogurt made from conventionally treated milk. The solids level had no influence on yogurt culture growth. [source] The Determinants of Successful Micro-IPOs: An Analysis of Issues Made under the Small Corporate Offering Registration (SCOR) ProcedureJOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2001James C. Brau In this article we extend the existing IPO literature to the case of micro-IPOs by analyzing a sample of Small Corporate Offering Registration (SCOR) documents from the U.S. state of Washington. Through theory, we identified variables that should impact the probability of success or failure in a SCOR offering and then empirically tested them. Empirical support was found for the relevance of (1) marketing mechanisms and expenses; (2) ownership and governance factors; (3) business life cycle stages; and (4) signaling factors consistent with our theoretical predictions. [source] Versatile Crack-Free Ceramic Micropatterns Made by a Modified Molding TechniqueJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 9 2010Marzellus Grosse Holthaus Crack-free ceramic micropatterns made of oxidic ceramic powders, e.g. alumina, titania, zirconia, and nonoxidic calciumphosphate ceramic powders were fabricated by a novel, simple, and low-cost modified micromolding (m-,M) technique via polydimethylsiloxane stamps. By means of this m-,M technique it is possible to fabricate monolithic ceramic bodies with a micropatterned surface with very high accuracy on surface detail. Our produced micropatterns can feature various geometries, e.g. cylinders, holes, channels, and struts with diameters ranging from 8 to 140 ,m in diameter or widths and from 8 to 30 ,m in depth or height. The oxidic and nonoxidic ceramic micropatterns could be removed from the molds and dried without any cracks. Even after sintering, these micropatterned samples showed no cracks or fissures. The reported technique has a very high potential for fully automatized up-scale fabrication of micropatterned ceramic surfaces. [source] Reversible pH-Dependent Properties of Multilayer Microcapsules Made of Weak PolyelectrolytesMACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 20 2004Tatjana Mauser Abstract Summary: We investigated microcapsules composed of the weak polyelectrolytes poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) assembled on calcium carbonate cores. These capsules are stable in the pH range from 2.5 to 11.5, undergoing reversible swelling in the pH interval from 2.7 to 2.6. Capsule swelling occurs at a protonation degree above 90%. The pH-dependent size variation of PAH/PMA capsules is blocked after crosslinking of the polyelectrolyte layers. Schematic of the swelling and de-swelling of the capsules with changing pH. [source] Chain Length Distributions of Polyolefins Made in Stopped-Flow Reactors for Non-Instantaneous Site ActivationMACROMOLECULAR REACTION ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2008Joćo B. P. Soares Abstract We developed an analytical solution to describe how the chain length distribution (CLD) of polymers made with coordination polymerization catalysts vary as a function of time for very short polymerizations considering non-instantaneous site activation. This solution is an extension of our previous analytical expression for instantaneous site activation. We validated the analytical solution with dynamic Monte Carlo simulation and obtained excellent agreement. Simulation results indicate that, unless the catalyst activation rate is much lower than the propagation rate, it will have only a minor effect on the initial shape of the CLD of polymers made in stopped-flow reactors (SFR). We also show how incorrect polymerization kinetic parameters may be estimated when assuming instantaneous site activation when this hypothesis is not applicable to the polymerization data under investigation. [source] Prediction of Chain Length Distribution of Polystyrene Made in Batch Reactors with Bifunctional Free-Radical Initiators Using Dynamic Monte Carlo SimulationMACROMOLECULAR REACTION ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2007Ibrahim M. Maafa Abstract The objective of this paper is to present a dynamic Monte Carlo model that is able to simulate the polymerization of styrene with bifunctional free-radical initiators in a batch reactor. The model can predict the dynamic evolution of the chain length distribution of polystyrene in the reactor. The model includes all relevant polymerization mechanistic steps, including chemical and thermal radical generation, and diffusion-controlled termination. The model was applied to styrene polymerization and the Monte Carlo estimates for chain length averages were compared to those obtained with the method of moments. Excellent agreement was obtained between the two methods. Although styrene polymerization was used as a case study, the proposed methodology can be easily extended to any other polymer type made by free-radical polymerization. [source] Chain Length Distributions of Polyolefins Made with Coordination Catalysts at Very Short Polymerization Times , Analytical Solution and Monte Carlo SimulationMACROMOLECULAR REACTION ENGINEERING, Issue 1 2007Joćo B. P. Soares Abstract We developed an analytical solution to describe how the CLD of polymers made with coordination polymerization catalysts vary as a function of time for very short polymerization times before the CLD becomes completely developed. We compared the analytical solution with a dynamic Monte Carlo model for validation, obtaining excellent agreement. Our analytical solution can be used to determine when the steady-state hypothesis, commonly used in polymerization models, becomes valid as a function of polymer chain length. We also extended our model to describe polymerization with multiple-site-type catalysts. Depending on the polymerization kinetic parameters of the different site types on the catalyst, the fully developed CLD is reached through very different intermediate CLDs. This modeling approach, although rather simplified, can be used to interpret results from short polymerization time experiments such as the ones done in stopped-flow reactors. [source] Raney Clips: Excision of Vascular Lesions on the Scalp Made (Ridiculously) SimplePEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2000Judith V. Williams M.D. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Does an Argument-Based Approach to Validity Make a Difference?EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT: ISSUES AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2010Carol A. Chapelle Drawing on experience between 2000 and 2007 in developing a validity argument for the high-stakes Test of English as a Foreign LanguageŌ (TOEFL®), this paper evaluates the differences between the argument-based approach to validity as presented byKane (2006)and that described in the 1999 AERA/APA/NCME Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Based on an analysis of four points of comparison,framing the intended score interpretation, outlining the essential research, structuring research results into a validity argument, and challenging the validity argument,we conclude that an argument-based approach to validity introduces some new and useful concepts and practices. [source] Money Is What Central Bankers Make of ItINTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 1 2010J. Samuel Barkin No abstract is available for this article. [source] Education Provision in Wound Care , Does It Make a Difference?INTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010Jacqui Fletcher Senior Professional Tutor No abstract is available for this article. [source] Sex and Gender Traditionalism Among Conservative Protestants: Does the Difference Make a Difference?JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 4 2009John P. Bartkowski Recent years have witnessed the resurgence of conservative Protestantism and its adherents' advocacy of gender traditionalism. Scholarship has traced conservative Protestant women's support for gender traditionalism to biblical inerrancy while linking conservative Protestant men's support for gender traditionalism to their denominational affiliation. Our study revisits this issue with more recent data, more sophisticated analytical techniques (structural equation modeling), and a refined measure of theological conservatism (accounting for beliefs pertaining to scripture, sin, and salvation). We find that theological conservatism is significantly related to gender traditionalism among conservative Protestant women but not men. For men, strength of denominational affiliation is more strongly related to traditionalist ideology. Strength of affiliation also affects gender ideology for women, but its effects, as well as those of religious attendance, are largely indirect through theological conservatism. We discuss these sex-specific patterns of religious influence in the context of conservative Protestantism exhibiting characteristics of a gendered institution. [source] Does Simulation Team Training in Obstetrics Make a Difference?JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 2010Professional Issues No abstract is available for this article. [source] Partnerships in Programming: Relationships That Make a DifferenceNEW DIRECTIONS FOR STUDENT SERVICES, Issue 90 2000Ann C. Highum The authors examine the nature of programming partnership between student affairs staff and others, including four case studies that highlight benefits associated with these partnerships. [source] Haiti: Can We Make a Difference?NURSING FOR WOMENS HEALTH, Issue 5 2007Karen Beaton RNC First page of article [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||