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Selected AbstractsIntravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the lower lip: surgical approach and review of the literatureGERODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2009A. Cohen Objective:, A review of the literature for intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is presented along with a case report of a geriatric patient. Review of the literature:, Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a reactive benign lesion of vascular origin, which is caused by an excessive proliferation of endothelial cells. Only a few cases with IPEH in the oral cavity have been recorded in the literature, reporting the lower lip as the main site. The treatment of choice mentioned in the literature is simple excision. Case report:, In this case, an IPEH of the lower lip of a 79-year-old male was treated by a sclerosing agent, which was injected into the lesion, causing compression and fibrosis of the blood vessels, followed by a careful dissection and excision. Intra-operatively no bleeding occurred. Post-operatively an excellent aesthetic result was achieved, without recurrence. Conclusion:, The use of sclerotherapy followed by surgery in mixed type intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia can provide an acceptable aesthetic result with minimal intra-operative bleeding. [source] Isoform- and subcellular fraction-specific differences in hippocampal 14-3-3 levels following experimentally evoked seizures and in human temporal lobe epilepsyJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2006Clara K. Schindler Abstract 14-3-3 proteins are a family of signaling molecules involved in diverse cellular functions, which can mediate anti-apoptotic effects. Seizure-induced neuronal death may involve programmed (apoptotic) cell death pathways and is associated with a decline in brain 14-3-3 levels. Presently, we investigated the subcellular localization and effects of seizures on isoforms of 14-3-3 in rat hippocampus, and contrasted these to findings in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). All brain isoforms of 14-3-3 were detected in the cytoplasmic compartment of rat hippocampus, while 14-3-3, and -, were also present in mitochondrial and microsome-enriched fractions. Focally evoked seizures in rats significantly reduced 14-3-3, levels within the microsome-enriched compartment at 4 h, with similar responses for 14-3-3,, while cytoplasm-localized 14-3-3,, -, and -, remained unchanged. Analysis of human autopsy control hippocampus revealed similar 14-3-3 isoform expression profiles. In TLE samples, the microsome-enriched fraction also showed differences, but here 14-3-3, and -, levels were higher than controls. TLE sample 14-3-3 isoform abundance within the cytoplasmic fraction was not different to controls. This study defines the subcellular localization of 14-3-3 isoforms in rat and human hippocampus and identifies the microsome-enriched fraction as the main site of altered 14-3-3 levels in response to acute prolonged and chronic recurrent seizures. [source] Gentle dorsal root retraction and dissection can cause areflexia: Implications for intraoperative monitoring during "selective" partial dorsal rhizotomyMUSCLE AND NERVE, Issue 10 2001Eric L. Logigian MD Abstract During partial dorsal rhizotomy (PDR), intraoperative dorsal rootlet stimulation often evokes nonreflex, rather than reflex, motor responses that are due to costimulation of adjacent ventral roots. Intraoperative areflexia typically predicts that motor responses evoked by dorsal rootlet stimulation are nonreflexive. The cause of areflexia during PDR is in part due to anesthesia, but other mechanisms are likely to play a role as well. In this study of three consecutive patients undergoing lumbosacral neurosurgery, soleus H-reflexes evoked by tibial nerve stimulation at the popliteal fossa were found to suddenly decline in amplitude following retraction and gentle dissection of the S-1 dorsal root. In one areflexic patient, dorsal rootlet stimulation proximal to the main site of dissection evoked soleus H-reflexes, although they could not be evoked by tibial nerve stimulation. We conclude that the gentle retraction and dissection of dorsal rootlets that occurs during PDR can induce conduction block of reflex afferents. High-intensity dorsal rootlet stimulation distal to the site of conduction block may then evoke not reflex responses, but rather nonreflex motor responses, due to the costimulation of adjacent ventral roots. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1352,1358, 2001 [source] Salivary gland neoplasms in children: The experience of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of MilanPEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 6 2006Marco Guzzo MD Abstract Background Epithelial salivary gland tumors are very uncommon in pediatric age. We report a series of 52 cases treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, Italy, over a 30-year period. These results are presented in conjunction with a literature review of salivary tumors with a view to providing an up-to-date overview of the clinical course, prognosis, and treatment options for this rare tumor. Procedure Fifty-two cases of epithelial salivary tumors were reviewed and the clinical-pathological information concerning tumor characteristics, therapy, and follow-up were collected. Patients' age ranged between 4 and 18 years. Results The major salivary glands were the main site of tumor occurrence (79% of cases arose in parotid glands); 37 patients had benign tumors (pleomorphic adenoma), 15 had malignant tumors (12 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 9 low grade). All the patients were treated by surgery; local relapses after parotidectomy were 4% and 25%, in benign and malignant tumors, respectively. When tumor enucleation was performed, recurrences occurred in 50% of benign neoplasms. At the time of the report, all patients with benign tumors were alive, 35(95%) without evidence of disease; only one patient with malignant tumor died of disease. Conclusions Epithelial salivary glands tumor in children had different characteristics compared with their adult counterpart with respect to the frequency of histotypes and site of occurrence, but their prognosis seems to be similar. Parotidectomy (total or superficial) is the best choice for achieving good cure rates in both benign and malignant tumors. Pediatric Blood Cancer 2006;47:806,810. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Citizenship and The StatePHILOSOPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2009M. Victoria Costa This study surveys debates on citizenship, the state, and the bases of political stability. The survey begins by presenting the primary sense of ,citizenship' as a legal status and the question of the sorts of political communities people can belong to as citizens. (Multi)nation-states are suggested as the main site of citizenship in the contemporary world, without ignoring the existence of alternative possibilities. Turning to discussions of citizen identity, the study shows that some of the discussion is motivated by a perceived need for citizens to have a sense of political belonging, on the assumption that such a sense promotes political activity and has other personal and social benefits. But there are serious problems with the strategy of understanding the relevant sense of belonging in terms of identification with the nation-state. The study explores a more promising way to generate this sense of belonging. First, societies should function, to a sufficiently high degree, in accord with political principles of justice and democratic decision making. Second, there should be a general consensus on political principles among citizens, as well as high levels of engagement in democratic deliberation. [source] Subcellular proteomics of Trypanosoma cruzi reservosomesPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 7 2009Celso Sant'Anna Abstract Reservosomes are the endpoint of the endocytic pathway in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. These organelles have the particular ability to concentrate proteins and lipids obtained from medium together with the main proteolytic enzymes originated from the secretory pathway, being at the same time a storage organelle and the main site of protein degradation. Subcellular proteomics have been extensively used for profiling organelles in different cell types. Here, we combine cell fractionation and LC-MS/MS analysis to identify reservosome-resident proteins. Starting from a purified reservosome fraction, we established a protocol to isolate reservosome membranes. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to confirm the purity of the fractions. To achieve a better coverage of identified proteins we analyzed the fractions separately and combined the results. LC-MS/MS analysis identified in total 709 T. cruzi -specific proteins; of these, 456 had predicted function and 253 were classified as hypothetical proteins. We could confirm the presence of most of the proteins validated by previous work and identify new proteins from different classes such as enzymes, proton pumps, transport proteins, and others. The definition of the reservosome protein profile is a good tool to assess their molecular signature, identify molecular markers, and understand their relationship with different organelles. [source] Substitutional and positional disorder in Sr2.88Cu3.12(PO4)4ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 4 2010Ljiljana Karanovi The title compound, a hydrothermally synthesized strontium copper(II) phosphate(V) (2.88/3.12/4), is isotypic with Sr3Cu3(PO4)4, obtained previously by solid-state reaction, but not with Sr3Cu3(PO4)4, obtained previously by the hydrothermal method. A surplus of copper was observed by both structural and chemical analysis, and the formula obtained by the structural analysis is in full agreement with results of the EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction) analysis. The structure consists of layers of Cu3O12 groups which are linked via the PO4 tetrahedra. The Cu3O12 groups are formed by one Cu1O4 and two Cu2O5 coordination polyhedra sharing corners. The central Cu1 atom of the Cu3O12 group is located at an inversion centre (special position 2a). The unique structural feature of the title compound is the presence of 12% Cu in the Sr1 site (special position 2b, site symmetry ). Moreover, disordered Sr2 atoms were observed: a main site (Sr2a, 90%) and a less occupied site (Sr2b, 10%) are displaced by 0.48,(3),Å along the b axis. Such substitutional and positional disorder was not observed previously in similar compounds. [source] Clinical and pathological evaluation of patients with early and late recurrence of colorectal cancerASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Mahdi AGHILI Abstract Aim: To compare the characteristics of primary cancer between patients with early recurrence and those with late recurrence of colorectal cancer. Methods: Overall 535 patients with primary colorectal cancer were reviewed and of these 130 patients with demonstrated recurrence were evaluated. Of the 130 patients, 91 had early recurrence (less than 2 years after surgery) and 39 had late recurrence (2 years or more after surgery). The clinical and pathological characteristics of primary cancer in these two groups were compared. Results: The rate of late recurrence was 30% of total recurrences (39/130). On average, patients with early recurrence were younger than patients with late recurrence (mean age 48 vs 54 years, p = 0.027). Adjacent organ involvement and Dukes stage C was more prevalent in the early recurrence group than in the late group. The liver was the main site of distant recurrence in the early recurrence group (64% of distant recurrences), whereas bone and peritoneum were the most frequent sites of metastases in the late recurrence group (58%). In Dukes C colon cancer patients the disease-free interval was significantly longer in those who received both adjuvant therapies than in those who received either radiotherapy or chemotherapy or neither of them. Conclusion: This study showed that factors such as primary clinical signs, stage of primary tumor, and adjacent organ involvement are significant with respect to the time for recurrence of colorectal cancer. It is important to take these characteristics into account in patient care management after curative resection for colorectal cancer. [source] How Oestrogen or Progesterone might Change a woman's susceptibility to HIV-1 infectionAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 5 2002Li Mingjia ABSTRACT Worldwide, 18.5 million women are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). At least 80% of these HIV infections have occurred as a result of sexual intercourse with an infected male partner. This review focuses on how HIV-1 enters the human female reproductive tract, and how oestrogen or progesterone, by altering the cervicovaginal epithelium, might change a woman's susceptibility to HIV infection. Experiments on hysterectomised Rhesus monkeys suggest that the vagina, rather than the cervix or uterus, is the main site of viral entry. If ovariectomised monkeys are given systemic oestrogen treatment, this makes them completely resistant to infection by intravaginally administered simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), whereas progesteronetreated animals, like the untreated controls, are extremely susceptible. Some studies have also shown that women on systemic long-acting gestagen-only contraceptives have a thinner vaginal epithelium and hence might be more susceptible to HIV infection; this is certainly true of post-menopausal women. The beneficial effects of oestrogen are thought to be due to increased thickness and cornification of the cervicovaginal epithelium, which prevents the virus from coming into contact with the target Langerhans cells (LCs). Topical vaginal oestrogen treatment is widely used as a safe and effective way of thickening and keratinising the vaginal epithelium in post-menopausal women. Perhaps this could be an exciting new way of protecting women from HIV infection. [source] Inflammatory cell mapping of the respiratory tract in fatal asthmaCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 5 2005S. De Magalhães Simões Summary Background The site and distribution of inflammation in the airways of asthmatic patients has been largely investigated. Inflammatory cells are distributed in both large and small airways in asthma. It has been demonstrated that distal lung inflammation in asthma may significantly contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. The upper airways have also been implicated in the overall asthmatic inflammation. Although it is now accepted that lung inflammation is not restricted to the intrapulmonary airways in asthma, little is known about cell distribution in the other lung compartments and their relation to the intrapulmonary airways. Objective We aimed to map the inflammatory process in fatal asthma (FA), from the upper airways to the lung parenchyma. Methods Eosinophil, neutrophil, mast cell and lymphocyte content were determined in nasal mucosa, the trachea, intrapulmonary airways and parenchyma (peribronchiolar and distal) of 20 patients with FA and 10 controls. Results Eosinophil content was higher in all studied areas in FA compared with controls (P<0.02). Mast cell content was higher in the outer area of larger airways, small membranous bronchioles and in peribronchiolar parenchyma of FA compared with controls (P<0.04). CD3+, CD4+and CD20+cells showed increased content in FA intrapulmonary airways compared with controls (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between CD4+cell content in nasal mucosa and larger airways in asthmatics. Increased neutrophil content was observed only in peribronchiolar parenchyma of FA (P=0.028). Conclusion Eosinophils present a widespread distribution within the respiratory tract in FA, from the nasal mucosa to the distal lung. The outer wall of small membranous bronchioles is the main site of inflammatory changes in FA. There is a localized distribution of alveolar inflammation at the peribronchiolar region for mast cells and neutrophils. Our findings provide further evidence of the importance of the lung periphery in the pathophysiology of FA. [source] "He Will Crush You Like an Academic Ninja!": Exploring Teacher Ratings on Ratemyprofessors.comJOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 3 2005Jeannette Kindred This study examines students' motives for use and perceptions of the web site http://www.ratemyprofessors.com, one of the main sites that allow students to post anonymous ratings of college professors in the United States and Canada. The contents of comments posted to the web site are examined for relationships to numerical ratings on the site and motivations expressed by students for participating in the rating process. Qualitative (focus group interviews) and quantitative (content analysis) investigations are presented. Students' motives for accessing Ratemyprofessors.com include information seeking, convenience, and interpersonal utility. As regards teacher ratings, the results indicate that students were primarily concerned with issues such as instructor competence and the classroom experience. [source] Oral cavity is not a reservoir for Helicobacter pylori in infected patients with functional dyspepsiaMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2009V. P. Silva Rossi-Aguiar Introduction:,Helicobacter pylori infection is very prevalent in Brazil, infecting almost 65% of the population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of this bacterium in the oral cavity of patients with functional dyspepsia (epigastric pain syndrome), establish the main sites of infection in the mouth, and assess the frequency of cagA and vacA genotypes of oral H. pylori. Methods:, All 43 outpatients with epigastric pain syndrome, who entered the study, were submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to rule out organic diseases. Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach was confirmed by a rapid urease test and urea breath tests. Samples of saliva, the tongue dorsum and supragingival dental plaque were collected from the oral cavity of each subject and subgingival dental plaque samples were collected from the patients with periodontitis; H. pylori infection was verified by polymerase chain reaction using primers that amplify the DNA sequence of a species-specific antigen present in all H. pylori strains; primers that amplify a region of urease gene, and primers for cagA and vacA (m1, m2, s1a, s1b, s2) genotyping. Results:, Thirty patients harbored H. pylori in the stomach, but it was not possible to detect H. pylori in any oral samples using P1/P2 and Urease A/B. The genotype cagA was also negative in all samples and vacA genotype could not be characterized (s-m-). Conclusion:, The oral cavity may not be a reservoir for H. pylori in patients with epigastric pain syndrome, the bacterium being detected exclusively in the stomach. [source] Extracellular complexation of Cd in the Hartig net and cytosolic Zn sequestration in the fungal mantle of Picea abies , Hebeloma crustuliniforme ectomycorrhizasPLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 11 2000B. Frey ABSTRACT Compartmentation of heavy metals on or within mycorrhizal fungi may serve as a protective function for the roots of forest trees growing in soils containing elevated concentrations of metals such as Cd and Zn. In this paper we present the first quantitative measurements by X-ray microanalysis of heavy metals in high-pressure frozen and cryosectioned ectomycorrhizal fungal hyphae. We used this technique to analyse the main sites of Cd and Zn in fungal cells of mantle and Hartig net hyphae and in cortical root cells of symbiotic Picea abies , Hebeloma crustuliniforme associations to gain new insights into the mechanisms of detoxification of these two metals in Norway spruce seedlings. The mycorrhizal seedlings were exposed in growth pouches to either 1 mM Cd or 2 mM Zn for 5 weeks. The microanalytical data revealed that two distinct Cd- and Zn-binding mechanisms are involved in cellular compartmentation of Cd and Zn in the mycobiont. Whereas extracellular complexation of Cd occurred predominantly in the Hartig net hyphae, both extracellular complexation and cytosolic sequestration of Zn occurred in the fungal tissue. The vacuoles were presumed not to be a significant pool for Cd and Zn storage. Cadmium was almost exclusively localized in the cell walls of the Hartig net (up to 161 mmol kg,1 DW) compared with significantly lower concentrations in the cell walls of mantle hyphae (22 mmol kg,1 DW) and in the cell walls of cortical cells (15 mmol kg,1 DW). This suggests that the apoplast of the Hartig net is a primary accumulation site for Cd. Zinc accumulated mainly in the cell walls of the mantle hyphae (111 mmol kg,1 DW), the Hartig net hyphae (130 mmol kg,1 DW) and the cortical cells (152 mmol kg,1 DW). In addition, Zn occurred in high concentrations in the cytoplasm of the fungal mantle hyphae (up to 164 mmol kg,1 DW) suggesting that both the cell walls and the cytoplasm of fungal tissue are the main accumulation sites for Zn in P. abies resulting in decreased Zn transfer from the fungus to the root. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||