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Main Outcome Measures. (main + outcome_measures)
Selected AbstractsTranscatheter versus Surgical Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defect in Adults: Impact of Age at Intervention.CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, Issue 3 2007A Concurrent Matched Comparative Study Abstract Objectives., To compare the short- and mid-term outcomes of surgical (SUR) vs. transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) using Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) in adults with a very similar spectrum of the disease; and to identify predictors for the primary end point. Design., Single-center, concurrent comparative study. Surgically treated patients were randomly matched (2:1) by age, sex, date of procedure, ASD size, and hemodynamic profile. Setting., Tertiary referral center. Patients., One hundred sixty-two concurrent patients with ASD submitted to ASO (n = 54) or SUR closure (n = 108) according with their preferences. Main Outcome Measures., Primary end point was a composite index of major events including failure of the procedure, important bleeding, critical arrhythmias, serious infections, embolism, or any major cardiovascular intervention-related complication. Predictors of these major events were investigated. Results., Atrial septal defects were successfully closed in all patients, and there was no mortality. The primary event rate was 13.2% in ASO vs. 25.0% in SUR (P = .001). Multivariate analysis showed that higher rate of events was significantly associated with age >40 years; systemic/pulmonary output ratio <2.1; and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure >50 mm Hg; while in the ASO group the event rate was only associated with the ASD size (>15 cm2/m2; relative risk = 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.01,8.8). There were no differences in the event-free survival curves in adults with ages <40 years. Conclusions., The efficacy for closure ASD was similar in both groups. The higher morbidity observed in SUR group was observed only in the patients submitted to the procedure with age >40 years. The length of hospital stay was shorter in the ASO group. Surgical closure is a safe and effective treatment, especially in young adults. There is certainly nothing wrong with continuing to do surgery in countries where the resources are limited. [source] Modest Impact of a Brief Curricular Intervention on Poor Documentation of Sexual History in University-Based Resident Internal Medicine ClinicsTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 10 2010Danielle F. Loeb MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Providers need an accurate sexual history for appropriate screening and counseling. While curricula on sexual history taking have been described, the impact of such interventions on resident physician performance of the sexual history remains unknown. Aims., Our aims were to assess the rates of documentation of sexual histories, the rates of documentation of specific components of the sexual history, and the impact of a teaching intervention on this documentation by Internal Medicine residents. Methods., The study design was a teaching intervention with a pre- and postintervention chart review. Participants included postgraduate years two (PGY-2) and three (PGY-3) Internal Medicine residents (N = 25) at two university-based outpatient continuity clinics. Residents received an educational intervention consisting of three 30-minute, case-based sessions in the fall of 2007. Main Outcome Measures., We reviewed charts from health-care maintenance visits pre- and postintervention. We analyzed within resident pre- and postrates of sexual history taking and the number of sexual history components documented using paired t -tests. Results., In total, we reviewed 369 pre- and 260 postintervention charts. The mean number of charts per resident was 14.8 (range 8,29) pre-intervention and 10.4 (range 3,25) postintervention. The mean documentation rate per resident for one or more components of sexual history pre- and postintervention were 22.5% (standard deviation [SD] = 18.1%) and 31.7% (SD = 20.4%), respectively, P < 0.01. The most frequently documented components of sexual history were current sexual activity, number of current sexual partners, and gender of current sexual partner. The least documented components were history of specific sexually transmitted infections, gender of sexual partners over lifetime, and sexual behaviors. Conclusion., An educational intervention modestly improved documentation of sexual histories by Internal Medicine residents. Future studies should examine the effects of more comprehensive educational interventions and the impact of such interventions on physician behavior or patient care outcomes. Loeb DF, Aagaard EM, Cali SR, and Lee RS. Modest impact of a brief curricular intervention on poor documentation of sexual history in university-based resident internal medicine clinics. J Sex Med 2010;7:3315,3321. [source] Pubic Hair Removal among Women in the United States: Prevalence, Methods, and CharacteristicsTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 10 2010Debra Herbenick PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Although women's total removal of their pubic hair has been described as a "new norm," little is known about the pubic hair removal patterns of sexually active women in the United States. Aims., The purpose of this study was to assess pubic hair removal behavior among women in the United States and to examine the extent to which pubic hair removal methods are related to demographic, relational, and sexual characteristics, including female sexual function. Methods., A total of 2,451 women ages 18 to 68 years completed a cross-sectional Internet-based survey. Main Outcome Measures., Demographic items (e.g., age, education, sexual relationship status, sexual orientation), cunnilingus in the past 4 weeks, having looked closely at or examined their genitals in the past 4 weeks, extent and method of pubic hair removal over the past 4 weeks, the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results., Women reported a diverse range of pubic hair-grooming practices. Women's total removal of their pubic hair was associated with younger age, sexual orientation, sexual relationship status, having received cunnilingus in the past 4 weeks, and higher scores on the FGSIS and FSFI (with the exception of the orgasm subscale). Conclusion., Findings suggest that pubic hair styles are diverse and that it is more common than not for women to have at least some pubic hair on their genitals. In addition, total pubic hair removal was associated with younger age, being partnered (rather than single or married), having looked closely at one's own genitals in the previous month, cunnilingus in the past month, and more positive genital self-image and sexual function. Herbenick D, Schick V, Reece M, Sanders S, and Fortenberry JD. Pubic hair removal among women in the United States: Prevalence, methods and characteristics. J Sex Med 2010;7:3322,3330. [source] A Comparative Study of the Sexual Function of Institutionalized Patients with SchizophreniaTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 10 2010María José Acuña MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Sexual dysfunction occurs frequently in patients with schizophrenia. Aim., To assess the sexual function of institutionalized patients with schizophrenia and compare it to both that of noninstitutionalized schizophrenic patients as well as patients without any mental illness. Methods., A cross-sectional comparative analysis between three groups: Group A: 75 patients with schizophrenia and/or schizoaffective disorder according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition (ICD-10) criteria, admitted into public psychiatric residential facilities; Group B: 41 patients with the same diagnosis who live in the community; Group C: 152 patients with no mental illness attended to by a Primary Care Medical Center. Main Outcome Measures., The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia and Changes in Sexual Function Questionnaire were used to complete the study. Results., When institutionalized patients were compared to the control group, the impairment of sexual function was identified in all areas except Arousal in women and the percentage of dysfunction in Desire-Interest for both sexes. The results for noninstitutionalized schizophrenic males indicated a deficit in Pleasure and Orgasm and in Pleasure and Desire-Frequency for females, when compared with the control group. The overall subscale indicated that 71.2% of males and 57.1% of females in the institutionalized group experienced sexual dysfunction compared with 10% of males and 50% of females in the noninstitutionalized group, and only 12.7% of women in the control group. Conclusions., Most areas of sexual function are impaired among patients with schizophrenia, especially among institutionalized patients. However, their percentage of sexual dysfunction associated with sexual thoughts or fantasies was similar to that of patients without mental illness. Acuña MJ, Martín JC, Graciani M, Cruces A, and Gotor F. A comparative study of the sexual function of institutionalized patients with schizophrenia. J Sex Med 2010;7:3414,3423. [source] New Enhancements of the Scrotal One-Incision Technique for Placement of Artificial Urinary Sphincter Allow Proximal Cuff PlacementTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 10 2010Steven K. Wilson MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Urinary incontinence impairs sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction. Traditional artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation requires perineal incision for cuff placement and a second inguinal incision for reservoir and pump placement. We believed AUS could be placed easier and quicker through one scrotal incision. Aim., In an effort to effect more proximal placement of the cuff while keeping the advantages of the one scrotal incision technique, we report enhancements to the original surgical technique. Methods., Thirty patients have been operated upon using the enhanced technique. A modification of the SKW retractor system (AMS) facilitates deep bulbar exposure. Twenty patients were first time implantations and 10 were revisions with five of the revisions having had the original AUS placed by traditional two-incision technique. Two of the first time AUS patients received an inflatable penile prosthesis through the same incision. Main Outcome Measures., We evaluated site of cuff placement, sizes of cuffs used, postoperative continence status. Results., All of the virgin AUS required dissection of the bulbocavernosus muscle prior to cuff placement. In scrotally placed revisions, replacement cuffs were situated considerably proximal (4.5,7.5 cm) to the original cuff site. The perineal placed revisions were accomplished through a scrotal incision with replacement of two cuffs in the same site and the three other patients immediately distal. No intraoperative complications were seen. One patient developed scrotal hematoma requiring drainage. Only 15 patients are available for follow-up and all are socially continent (one pad or less). Conclusions., Transscrotal approach is used safely and efficiently for penile implants and AUS implantation. The new enhancements to the one-scrotal incision technique allow more proximal cuff placement as evidenced by the bulbocavernosus muscle dissection and use of larger cuffs. Continence rate is similar to rates achieved with perineal placement of cuff found in the literature. Wilson SK, Aliotta PJ, Salem EA, and Mulcahy JJ. New enhancements of the scrotal one incision technique for placement of artificial urinary sphincter allow proximal cuff placement. J Sex Med 2010;7:3510,3515. [source] Sexual Behaviors, Condom Use, and Sexual Health of Americans Over 50: Implications for Sexual Health Promotion for Older AdultsTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 2010Vanessa Schick PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., In the contemporary U.S., men and women are living longer and healthier lives. As such, many people spend greater portions of their lives as sexually active individuals. Yet, little is known about the myriad of ways that older adults experience their sexual lives. Aim., This study sought to assess the context and frequency of sexual behaviors, condom use, sexual pleasure, and sexual experience of men and women over age 50. Methods., Information regarding the sexual experiences of a nationally representative sample of men and women over age 50 within the past year was examined. Main Outcome Measures., Sexual behavior over the past year was assessed in relation to several situational and contextual characteristics (e.g., event location, type of partner, health status, condom use). Participants were also asked about their experience (i.e., pleasure, arousal, pain, lubrication/erectile difficulties, and orgasm) during their most recent partnered sexual event. Bivariate or ordinal logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship of age, health and partner status to sexual frequency and experience. Results., Although sizable proportions (20,30%) of both men and women remained sexually active well into their 80s age was related to a lower likelihood of solo and most partnered sexual behaviors. When controlling for age, relationship status, and health remained significant predictors of select sexual behaviors. The participant's evaluation of their most recent sexual experience in terms of arousal, erectile difficulty, and orgasm all declined with age. Health status was related to men's evaluation of the experience. Relationship status was the most consistent predictor of women's evaluation of the experience. Condom use rates remained low for participants across age groups. Conclusion., Many older adults continue be sexually active well into advanced age (80+). Thus, providers need to be attentive to the diverse sexual health needs of older adults. Schick V, Herbenick D, Reece M, Sanders SA, Dodge B, Middlestadt SE, and Fortenberry JD. Sexual behaviors, condom use, and sexual health of Americans over 50: Implications for sexual health promotion for older adults. J Sex Med 2010;7(suppl 5):315,329. [source] Sexual Health Among U.S. Black and Hispanic Men and Women: A Nationally Representative StudyTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 2010Brian Dodge PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Little is known about the prevalence of sexual behaviors among the black and Hispanic populations in the United States outside the context of sexual risk and disease transmission in "high-risk" samples. Aim., This study sought to establish current rates of sexual behaviors, sexual health care practices (i.e., experiences with testing and diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections [STIs]), and condom use in a probability sample of black and Hispanic adult men and women in the United States. Main Outcome Measures., Sexual behaviors including solo masturbation, partnered masturbation, receiving oral sex and giving oral sex, vaginal intercourse, and anal intercourse were assessed. Self-reported rates of HIV and other STI testing, and self-reported history of STI diagnosis were examined. Also assessed were rates of condom use during most recent and past 10 vaginal intercourse events. Methods., Data from a probability sample of 1246 black and Hispanic adults were analyzed to explore sexual behaviors, condom use, and STI testing and diagnosis trends. Results., Masturbation, oral sex, and vaginal intercourse were prevalent among black and Hispanic men and women throughout the life course. Anal intercourse and same-gender sexual activities were less common. Self-reported rates of HIV testing were relatively high but varied by gender across age groups. Similarly, rates of testing for other STI were high and differed by gender across age groups. Overall rates of condom use among black and Hispanic men and women were relatively high and did not appear to be related to a variety of situational factors including location of sexual encounter, relationship status, other contraceptive use, and substance use during sexual activity. Conclusion., These data provide a foundation for understanding diverse sexual behaviors, sexual health-care practices, and condom use among the general population of black and Hispanic men and women in the United States. Dodge B, Reece M, Herbenick D, Schick V, Sanders SA, and Fortenberry JD. Sexual health among U.S. black and Hispanic men and women: a nationally representative study. J Sex Med 2010;7(suppl 5):330,345. [source] Adenosine Deaminase Enzyme Therapy Prevents and Reverses the Heightened Cavernosal Relaxation in PriapismTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 9 2010Jiaming Wen MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Priapism featured with painful prolonged penile erection is dangerous and commonly seen in sickle cell disease (SCD). The preventive approaches or effective treatment options for the disorder are limited because of poor understanding of its pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed a novel role of excess adenosine in priapism caused by heightened cavernosal relaxation, and therefore present an intriguing mechanism-based therapeutic possibility. Aim., The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effects of adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme therapy to lower adenosine in priapism. Methods., Both ADA-deficient mice and SCD transgenic (Tg) mice display priapism caused by excessive adenosine. Thus, we used these two distinct lines of mouse models of priapism as our investigative tools. Specifically, we treated both of these mice with different dosages of polyethylene glycol,modified ADA (PEG,ADA) to reduce adenosine levels in vivo. At the end points of the experiments, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of PEG,ADA treatment by measuring adenosine levels and monitoring the cavernosal relaxation. Main Outcome Measures., Adenosine levels in penile tissues were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and cavernosal relaxation was quantified by electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced corporal cavernosal strip (CCS) assays. Results., We found that lowering adenosine levels in penile tissues by PEG,ADA treatment from birth in ADA-deficient mice prevented the increased EFS-induced CCS relaxation associated with priapism. Intriguingly, in both ADA-deficient mice and SCD Tg mice with established priapism, we found that normalization of adenosine levels in penile tissues by PEG,ADA treatment relieved the heightened EFS-induced cavernosal relaxation in priapism. Conclusions., Our studies have identified that PEG,ADA is a novel, safe, and mechanism-based drug to prevent and correct excess adenosine-mediated increased cavernosal relaxation seen in two independent priapic animal models, and suggested its therapeutic possibility in men suffering from priapism. Wen J, Jiang X, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Sun H, Mi T, Kellems RE, Blackburn MR, and Xia Y. Adenosine deaminase enzyme therapy prevents and reverses the heightened cavernosal relaxation in priapism. J Sex Med 2010;7:3011,3022. [source] Sexual Dysfunction in an Internet Sample of U.S. Men Who Have Sex with MenTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 9 2010Sabina Hirshfield PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Relatively little is known about sexual dysfunction (SD) in men who have sex with men (MSM). Aim., In order to better understand SD symptoms in MSM, we assessed self-reported SD symptoms, individually and by latent class analysis (LCA). Methods., In 2004,2005 an Internet sample of U.S. MSM was recruited from gay-oriented sexual networking, chat and news websites. The analytic sample comprised 7,001 men aged 18 or older who reported lifetime male sex partners and oral or anal sex with a male partner in their most recent encounter within the past year. Main Outcome Measures., Seven questions on SD symptoms that occurred during the past 12 months inquired about low sexual desire, erection problems, inability to achieve an orgasm, performance anxiety, premature ejaculation, pain during sex, and sex not being pleasurable. Results., Self-reported symptoms of SD were high. Overall, 79% of men reported one or more SD symptoms in the past year, with low sexual desire, erection problems, and performance anxiety being the most prevalent. Four distinct underlying patterns of sexual functioning were identified by LCA: no/low SD, erection problems/performance anxiety, low desire/pleasure, and high SD/sexual pain. High SD/sexual pain was distinguished from the other patterns by club drug use and use of prescription and non-prescription erectile dysfunction medication before sex in the past year. Additionally, men associated with the high SD/sexual pain group were younger, single, more likely to have poor mental and physical health, and more likely to have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection in the past year compared to men in the no/low SD group. Conclusions., LCA enabled us to identify underlying patterns of sexual functioning among this sample of MSM recruited online. Future research should investigate these distinct subgroups with SD symptoms in order to develop tailored treatments and counseling for SD. Hirshfield S, Chiasson MA, Wagmiller RL, Remien RH, Humberstone M, Scheinmann R, and Grov C. Sexual dysfunction in an internet sample of U.S. men who have sex with men. J Sex Med 2010;7:3104,3114. [source] Sexual Dysfunction after Rectal Surgery: A Retrospective Study of Men without Disease RecurrenceTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 9 2010Vahudin Zugor MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Sexual dysfunction is a frequent complication of visceral surgery after rectal resections as a result of carcinoma of the rectum. Aim., The purpose of our study is to assess the incidence and form of sexual dysfunction in our own population of patients. Methods., The study comprised all patients who had undergone surgery for carcinoma of the rectum at the Erlangen Surgery University Hospital, Germany, in the period 2000,04. All male patients were retrospectively surveyed and asked to complete standardized (International Index of Erectile Function 15) questionnaires regarding their pre- and postsurgical sexual function. One hundred and forty-five questionnaires could be analyzed. The statistical evaluation was conducted with aid of the SPSS statistics program. The univariate analysis was carried out with the chi-square test and the U -test (Mann,Whitney Test). Main Outcome Measures., Erectile dysfunction, libido, and ability to have and sustain ejaculation and orgasm (both before and after surgery in each case) were among the dependent variables when compiling the data. The impact various surgical procedures and radiochemotherapy had on the severity of the sexual dysfunctions was analyzed. The scope of the postoperative urological care given was also assessed. Results., Erectile dysfunction was confirmed in N = 112 patients (77.3%) after surgery (P -value < 0.001). Other parameters such as orgasm capacity (4.1% vs. 16.5%), ejaculation ability (1.4% vs. 12.4%) and libido (3.4% vs. 22%) also showed a marked deterioration postoperatively. Postoperative erectile dysfunction was present in 77% of the patients with a colostomy and in 88.5% of the patients who had received neoadjuvant radiation. Conclusions., Male erectile dysfunction is a frequent complication after rectal resection as a result of carcinoma of the rectum. The high incidence of sexual dysfunctions results from the radical nature of the procedure and from additional radiation or colostomy therapy. These patients need accompanying urological care for treatment of their sexual dysfunction. Zugor V, Miskovic I, Lausen B, Matzel K, Hohenberger W, Schreiber M, Labanaris AP, Neuhuber W, Witt J, and Schott GE. Sexual dysfunction after rectal surgery: A retrospective study of men without disease recurrence. J Sex Med 2010;7:3199,3205. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,BASIC SCIENCE: Fluoxetine-Induced Decrements in Sexual Responses of Female Rats and Hamsters Are Reversed by 3,,5,-THPTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 8 2010Cheryl A. Frye PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Sexual dysfunction, as a result of selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment among women, is relatively common and is a factor in medication compliance. The mechanisms that underlie these side-effects of SSRIs are not well-understood. SSRIs can alter activity of catabolic enzymes that are involved in progesterone's conversion to 5,-pregnan-3,-ol-20-one (3,,5,-THP). 3,,5,-THP plays a key role in female reproductive physiology and behavior. Aims., This study aimed to determine whether 3,,5,-THP, in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) may be a potential mechanism for fluoxetine's reduction in sexual responding of female rodents. We hypothesized that if fluoxetine induces decrements in sexual responding in part through actions of 3,,5,-THP, then fluoxetine will inhibit sexual receptivity concomitant with reducing 3,,5,-THP levels, effects which can be reversed by 3,,5,-THP administration. Methods., Experiment 1 investigated effects of acute systemic fluoxetine [20 mg/kg intraperitoneal (IP)] and/or 3,,5,-THP [500 µg, subcutaneous (SC)] administration on sexual responding of ovariectomized, hormone-primed rats. Experiment 2 examined effects of 3,,5,-THP administration to the midbrain VTA (100 ng) on fluoxetine-induced decrements in lordosis of ovariectomized, hormone-primed rats and hamsters. Main Outcome Measures., Sexual responding was determined in rats and hamsters. For rats, the percentage of times that the lordosis response occurred following mounting by a sexually-vigorous male (lordosis quotients) was utilized. For hamsters, lateral displacement, the pelvic movement that females will make to facilitate intromissions by a male hamster, was utilized. Results., Fluoxetine significantly reduced lordosis, and this was reversed SC 3,,5,-THP. Intra-VTA 3,,5,-THP attenuated fluoxetine's detrimental effects on lordosis quotients and lateral displacement of rats and hamsters, respectively. Conclusions., Thus, fluoxetine's effects to disrupt female sexual responses may involve its effects on progestogens in the midbrain VTA. Frye CA, and Rhodes ME. Fluoxetine-induced decrements in sexual responses of female rats and hamsters are reversed by 3,,5,-THP. J Sex Med 2010;7:2670,2680. [source] Nebivolol Dilates Human Penile Arteries and Reverses Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats through Enhancement of Nitric Oxide SignalingTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 8 2010Javier Angulo PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Traditional beta-blockers have sometimes been associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). Nebivolol is a cardioselective ,1 -adrenoceptor antagonist that promotes vasodilation through a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. Aim., We evaluated the effects of nebivolol on the NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway, on erectile function and dysfunction, and in human penile vascular tissues. Methods., Erectile response to cavernosal nerve electrical stimulation in control and diabetes-induced ED rats were evaluated, along with serum nitrite/nitrate (NOx) concentration and plasma/tissue cGMP levels. Endothelium-dependent and sildenafil-induced relaxation of isolated human corpus cavernosum (HCC) and human penile resistance arteries (HPRA) were also determined. Main Outcome Measures., The effects of nebivolol on erectile function and dysfunction and on NO/cGMP-mediated responses. Results., Treatment with nebivolol significantly potentiated erectile response in control rats, regardless of its effects on blood pressure. Nebivolol increased NOx and plasma cGMP by 3-fold and 2.75-fold, respectively, and significantly augmented the elevation of plasma cGMP produced by sildenafil. Nebivolol enhanced endothelium-dependent and sildenafil-induced relaxations of HCC tissue, and produced endothelium-dependent vasodilation of HPRA. Nebivolol, but not atenolol, significantly improved erectile response in diabetic rats (51.6%, 53.2%, and 87.1% of response at 3 Hz in nondiabetic rats, for vehicle-treated, atenolol-treated, and nebivolol-treated diabetic rats, respectively); after sildenafil administration, ED was completely reversed in nebivolol-treated diabetic rats (69.6% and 112% for diabetic rats treated with sildenafil and nebivolol plus sildenafil, respectively). Accordingly, nebivolol restored systemic NOx levels and cGMP content in penile tissue from these animals. Conclusions., Nebivolol in vivo activated the NO/cGMP pathway, enhanced erectile response and reversed ED in diabetic rats. Moreover, nebivolol in vitro potentiated NO/cGMP-mediated relaxation of human erectile tissues. These effects may account for the low incidence of ED in nebivolol-treated hypertensive patients. Nebivolol therefore may have utility in the treatment of ED, particularly ED associated with diabetes. Angulo J, Wright HM, Cuevas P, González-Corrochano R, Fernández A, Cuevas B, La Fuente JM, Gupta S, and de Tejada IS. Nebivolol dilates human penile arteries and reverses erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats through enhancement of nitric oxide signaling. J Sex Med 2010;7:2681,2697. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,WOMEN'S SEXUAL HEALTH: Vaginal Orgasm Is Associated with Vaginal (Not Clitoral) Sex Education, Focusing Mental Attention on Vaginal Sensations, Intercourse Duration, and a Preference for a Longer PenisTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 8 2010Stuart Brody PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Evidence was recently provided for vaginal orgasm, orgasm triggered purely by penile,vaginal intercourse (PVI), being associated with better psychological functioning. Common sex education and sexual medicine approaches might undermine vaginal orgasm benefits. Aims., To examine the extent to which women's vaginal orgasm consistency is associated with (i) being told in childhood or adolescence that the vagina was the important zone for inducing female orgasm; (ii) how well they focus mentally on vaginal sensations during PVI; (iii) greater PVI duration; and (iv) preference for above-average penis length. Methods., In a representative sample of the Czech population, 1,000 women reported their vaginal orgasm consistency (from never to almost every time; only 21.9% never had a vaginal orgasm), estimates of their typical foreplay and PVI durations, what they were told in childhood and adolescence was the important zone for inducing female orgasm, their degree of focus on vaginal sensations during PVI, and whether they were more likely to orgasm with a longer than average penis. Main Outcome Measures., The association of vaginal orgasm consistency with the predictors noted above. Results., Vaginal orgasm consistency was associated with all hypothesized correlates. Multivariate analysis indicated the most important predictors were being educated that the vagina is important for female orgasm, being mentally focused on vaginal sensations during PVI, and in some analyses duration of PVI (but not foreplay) and preferring a longer than average penis. Conclusions., Focusing attention on penile,vaginal sensation supports vaginal orgasm and the myriad benefits thereof. Brody S, and Weiss P. Vaginal orgasm is associated with vaginal (not clitoral) sex education, focusing mental attention on vaginal sensations, intercourse duration, and a preference for a longer penis. J Sex Med 2010;7:2774,2781. [source] Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil 20 mg on Demand vs.THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 8 2010Tadalafil 5 mg Once-a-Day in the Treatment of Post-Radiotherapy Erectile Dysfunction in Prostate Cancer Men: A Randomized Phase II Trial ABSTRACT Introduction., The role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in the treatment of post-radiotherapy erectile dysfunction (ED) has not been extensively investigated. Aim., To compare the efficacy and safety of on-demand 20-mg tadalafil (arm A) with the newly released tadalafil 5-mg once-a-day dosing (arm B) in patients with ED following radiotherapy for prostate cancer (PC). Methods., Randomized study to receive on-demand 20-mg or once-a-day 5-mg tadalafil for 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measures., Changes in the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) domain scores and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) question 2 and 3 positive response rates. Results., Fifty-two out of 86 screened patients were randomized. Forty-four patients were evaluable for efficacy. A significant improvement in all domains of the IIEF was observed in both arms (P = 0.0001) with mean erectile function domain scores values of 25 and 27.1 for the 20-mg and 5-mg tadalafil, respectively (P = 0.19). SEP 2 and 3 positive response rates increased from 0% in both arms at baseline to 81% and 70% in the 20-mg arm and 90% and 73% in the 5-mg arm, respectively, at the end of treatment (P = 0.27). End of treatment global efficacy question positive answers were 86% in the 20-mg arm and 95% in the 5-mg arm (P = 0.27). Higher treatment compliance was shown in arm B (100%) as compared with arm A (86%). There was a nonstatistically significant trend toward fewer side effects in favor of the 5-mg daily dose arm. Conclusions., In the study population, both tadalafil formulations generated significantly high response rates according to the outcome measures and were well tolerated. The once-a-day 5-mg dosing showed higher compliance and marginally reduced side effects, thus making it an attractive alternative to on-demand therapy for ED in post-radiotherapy PC patients. Ricardi U, Gontero P, Ciammella P, Badellino S, Valentino F, Munoz F, Guarneri A, Rondi N, Moretto F, Filippi AR, Ragona R, and Tizzani A. Efficacy and safety of tadalafil 20 mg on demand vs. tadalafil 5 mg once-a-day in the treatment of post-radiotherapy erectile dysfunction in prostate cancer men: A randomized phase II trial. J Sex Med 2010;7:2851,2859. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,EJACULATORY DISORDERS: Evaluation of Tramadol on Demand Vs.THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 8 2010Daily Paroxetine as a Long-Term Treatment of Lifelong Premature Ejaculation ABSTRACT Introduction., Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction with many lines of treatment that show conflicting results. Paroxetine and tramadol were both reported to be effective in treatment of PE. Aim., To investigate the effectiveness of long-term daily paroxetine vs. on-demand tramadol HCl in treatment of PE. Main Outcome Measures., Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and Arabic Index of PE (AIPE) were used to assess the efficacy of investigated drugs. Methods., Thirty-five cases with lifelong PE were enrolled in this study. Baseline recording of IELT using a stop watch and AIPE was done. Patients were randomized to take tramadol HCl on-demand or daily paroxetine. Reassessment was done after 6 and 12 weeks. A wash-out period for 2 weeks was given before cross-over to the other medication. Assessment of the effect of the second medication after 6 and 12 weeks was done. Results., Tramadol and paroxetine increased IELT significantly after 6 weeks by seven- and 11-folds, respectively, compared with baseline. After 12 weeks, a decline of IELT to fivefolds was recorded with tramadol whereas further increase of IELT to 22-folds was recorded with paroxetine compared with baseline (P < 0.05). Tramadol improved AIPE score significantly after 6 weeks but not after 12 weeks vs. baseline, whereas paroxetine increased the AIPE score after 6 and 12 weeks vs. baseline (P < 0.05). Conclusions., Daily paroxetine is more effective than on-demand tramadol for treatment of lifelong PE. Tramadol is not recommended as a long-term treatment of lifelong PE. Alghobary M, El-Bayoumy Y, Mostafa Y, E-HM Mahmoud, and Amr M. Evaluation of tramadol on demand vs. daily paroxetine as a long-term treatment of lifelong premature ejaculation. J Sex Med 2010;7:2860,2867. [source] The Management of Peyronie's Disease: Evidence-based 2010 GuidelinesTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 7 2010David Ralph MD ABSTRACT Introduction., The field of Peyronie's disease is evolving and there is need for a state-of-the-art information in this area. Aim., To develop an evidence-based state-of-the-art consensus report on the management of Peyronie's disease. Methods., To provide state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the prevalence, etiology, medical and surgical management of Peyronie's Disease, representing the opinion of leading experts developed in a consensus process over a 2-year period. Main Outcome Measures., Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate. Conclusions., The real etiology of Peyronie's disease and the mechanisms of formation of the plaque still remain obscure. Although conservative management is obtaining a progressively larger consensus among the experts, surgical correction still remains the mainstay treatment for this condition. Ralph D, Gonzalez-Cadavid N, Mirone V, Perovic S, Sohn M, Usta M, and Levine L. The management of Peyronie's disease: Evidence-based 2010 guidelines. J Sex Med 2010;7:2359,2374. [source] Activation of MAP Kinase in Lumbar Spinothalamic Cells Is Required for EjaculationTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 7 2010Michael D. Staudt MSc ABSTRACT Introduction., Ejaculation is a reflex controlled by a spinal ejaculation generator located in the lumbosacral spinal cord responsible for the coordination of genital sensory with autonomic and motor outputs that regulate ejaculation. In the male rat, a population of lumbar spinothalamic cells (LSt cells) comprises an essential component of the spinal ejaculation generator. LSt cells are activated with ejaculation, but the nature of the signal transduction pathways involved in this activation is unknown. Moreover, it is unknown if LSt cell activation is required for expression of ejaculation. Aim., The current study tested the hypothesis that ejaculatory reflexes are triggered via activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway in the LSt cells. Methods., Expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (pERK) was investigated following mating behavior, or following ejaculation induced by electrical stimulation of the dorsal penile nerve (DPN) in anesthetized, spinalized male rats. Next, the effects of intrathecal or intraspinal delivery of Mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 on DPN stimulation-induced ejaculation was examined. Main Outcome Measures., Expression of pERK in LSt cells and associated areas was analyzed. Electromyographic recordings of the bulbocavernosus muscle were recorded in anesthetized, spinalized rats. Results., Results indicate that the MAP kinase signaling pathway is activated in LSt cells following ejaculation in mating animals or induced by DPN stimulation in anesthetized, spinalized animals. Moreover, ERK activation in LSt cells is an essential trigger for ejaculation, as DPN stimulation-induced reflexes were absent following administration of MEK inhibitor in the L3-L4 spinal area. Conclusion., These data provide insight into the nature of the signal transduction pathways involved in the activation of ejaculation through LSt cells. The data demonstrate that ERK activation in LSt cells is essential for ejaculation and contribute to a more detailed understanding of the spinal generation of ejaculation. Staudt MD, de Oliveira CVR, Lehman MN, McKenna KE, and Coolen LM. Activation of MAP kinase in lumbar spinothalamic cells is required for ejaculation. J Sex Med 2010;7:2445,2457. [source] Differentiating Components of Sexual Well-Being in Women: Are Sexual Satisfaction and Sexual Distress Independent Constructs?THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 7 2010Kyle R. Stephenson BS ABSTRACT Introduction., Sexual satisfaction and sexual distress are common outcome measures in studies of sexual health and well-being. However, confusion remains as to if and how the two constructs are related. While many researchers have conceptualized satisfaction and distress as polar opposites, with a lack of satisfaction indicating high distress and vice versa, there is a growing movement to view satisfaction and distress as relatively independent factors and measure them accordingly. Aim., The study aimed to assess the level of independence between sexual satisfaction and distress in female clinical and nonclinical samples. Methods., Ninety-nine women (mean age = 25.3) undergoing treatment (traditional sex therapy and/or gingko biloba) for sexual arousal disorder with or without coexistent hypoactive sexual desire disorder and/or orgasmic disorder completed surveys assessing sexual satisfaction, sexual distress, sexual functioning, and relational functioning at pretreatment, mid-treatment, posttreatment, and follow-up. Two hundred twenty sexually healthy women (mean age = 20.25) completed similar surveys at 1-month intervals. Main Outcome Measures., Sexually dysfunctional women completed the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Sexually healthy women completed the SSS-W, the FSFI, the Relationship Assessment Scale, and the Dimensions of Relationship Quality Scale. Results., Sexual satisfaction and distress were generally closely and inversely related; however, distress was more closely related to sexual functioning variables than was satisfaction in the clinical sample, and satisfaction was more closely related to relational variables than was distress in the nonclinical sample. Additionally, satisfaction and distress showed partially independent patterns of change over time, and scales of distress showed a larger change in response to treatment than did scales of satisfaction. Conclusion., Although sexual satisfaction and distress may be closely related, these findings suggest that they are, at least, partially independent constructs. Implications for research on sexual well-being and treatment outcome studies are discussed. Stephenson KR, and Meston CM. Differentiating components of sexual well-being in women: Are sexual satisfaction and sexual distress independent constructs? J Sex Med 2010;7:2458,2468. [source] Erectile Dysfunction in the Community: Trends over Time in Incidence, Prevalence, GP Consultation and Medication Use,the Krimpen Study: Trends in EDTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 7 2010Boris W.V. Schouten MD ABSTRACT Introduction., In the general population, erectile dysfunction (ED) is surrounded by a "taboo." Epidemiologists studying this problem have to be aware of the phenomenon of the "tip-of-the-iceberg." Aims., Our aim is to describe the iceberg phenomenon for ED and their help-seeking behavior in the general population during a period when public interest in ED heightened and waned after the introduction of the drug sildenafil. Methods., The data were obtained as part of a large longitudinal community-based study, i.e., the Krimpen study. With four rounds of data collection with an approximate 2.1 years interval, the local pharmacists provided data on medication use, whereas abstracts from the medical record and history were provided by the local general practitioners (GPs). The data from the questionnaires were entered into the Krimpen study database but were not communicated to the GPs. Main Outcome Measures., ED: according to the ICS-questionnaire, GP consultation: search of electronic medical dossier for ED or reports from any specialist, use of ED medication as delivered by the pharmacy. Results., The age-standardized prevalence of ED is stable, i.e., around 40%. During the period 1995 to 2000, the incidence increased from 5% to 6.5%, then it stabilizes around 5% per year. The first-time use of ED medication increases exponentially between 1995 and 2000, then it stabilizes at about 3.5% per year. The number of GP consultations by men with ED increases up to 1999, after which it stabilizes at about 1.8% per year. Conclusion., We suggest that the availability and awareness of a new pharmacological option induced a change of behavior among GPs and their patients. Schouten BWV, Bohnen AM, Groeneveld FPMJ, Dohle GR, Thomas S, and Ruun Bosch JLH. Erectile dysfunction in the community: Trends over time in incidence, prevalence, GP consultation and medication use,the krimpen study: Trends in ED. J Sex Med 2010;7:2547,2553. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,EPIDEMIOLOGY: Effect of Sexual Function on Health-Related Quality of Life Mediated by Depressive Symptoms in Cardiac Rehabilitation.THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2010Findings of the SPARK Project in 493 Patients ABSTRACT Introduction., Empirical evidence suggests associations between cardiovascular diseases, sexual functioning, depressive symptoms, and quality of life. However, to date, the interrelation of these constructs has not been examined simultaneously in a structural analysis. Aim., To estimate the prevalence of sexual disorders and depressive symptoms and to examine the association between sexual disorders, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in patients in the rehabilitation of cardiovascular disorders. Aim., A postal survey in five German inpatient rehabilitation centers for cardiovascular diseases was conducted. Prevalence of sexual disorders and depressive symptoms were assessed using psychometrically sound instruments. To analyze complex associations, structural equation modeling was used. Main Outcome Measures., For epidemiological questions, proportions with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The strength of association in structural equation models was expressed as a standardized regression coefficient. Results., Data from 493 patients were analyzed (response rate 22.7%). At least moderate erectile dysfunction proved to be present in 20.3% of men. The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction lay at 43.1%. At least moderate depressive symptoms were present in 14.4% of men and 16.5% of women. A considerable association between sexual functioning and quality of life was found in both sexes, which was largely mediated by depressive symptoms. Major drawbacks of the study are imprecision of the estimates due to limited sample size and questionable generalizability of the findings due to possible self-selection bias. Conclusions., Considering the high prevalence of depressive symptoms and their role as a mediating factor between sexual functioning and quality of life, it is recommended to routinely screen for depression in men and women with cardiac disease. Kriston L, Günzler C, Agyemang A, Bengel J, and Berner MM. Effect of sexual function on health-related quality of life mediated by depressive symptoms in cardiac rehabilitation. Findings of the SPARK project in 493 patients. J Sex Med 2010;7:2044,2055. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,WOMEN'S SEXUAL HEALTH: Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction and Impact of Contraception in Female German Medical StudentsTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2010Christian W. Wallwiener MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a very common disorder, with an estimated prevalence of having at least one sexual dysfunction of about 40%. Aim., To investigate the prevalence and types of FSD and the relationship between hormonal contraception (HC) and FSD in female German medical students. Main Outcome Measures., Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) with additional questions on contraception, sexual activity, and other factors that may influence sexual function. Methods., An online questionnaire based on the FSFI was completed by students from six medical schools. Obtained data were screened for inconsistencies by programmed algorithms. Results., A total of 1,219 completed questionnaires were received, and 1,086 were included in the analyses after screening. The mean total FSFI score was 28.6 +/, 4.5. 32.4% of women were at risk for FSD according to FSFI definitions. Based on domain scores, 8.7% for were at risk for FSD concerning orgasm, 5.8% for desire, 2.6% for satisfaction, 1.2% for lubrication, 1.1% for pain and 1.0% for arousal. The method of contraception and smoking were factors with significant effect on the total FSFI score whereby hormonal contraception was associated with lower total FSFI scores and lower desire and arousal scores than no contraception and non-hormonal contraception only. Other variables such as stress, pregnancy, smoking, relationship and wish for children had an important impact on sexual function as expected according to earlier studies. Conclusions., The prevalence of students at high risk for FSD was consistent with the literature although domain subscores differed from samples previously described. The contraception method has a significant effect on the sexual functioning score and women using contraception, especially hormonal contraception, had lower sexual functioning scores. Stress and relationship among other variables were found to be associated with sexual function and may thus provide insight into the etiology of sexual disorders. Wallwiener CW, Wallwiener L-M, Seeger H, Mück AO, Bitzer J, and Wallwiener M. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction and impact of contraception in female german medical students. J Sex Med 2010;7:2139,2148. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,PAIN: Vaginismus and Dyspareunia: Automatic vs.THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2010Deliberate Disgust Responsivity ABSTRACT Introduction., The difficulty of penetration experienced in vaginismus and dyspareunia may at least partly be due to a disgust-induced defensive response. Aims., To examine if sex stimuli specifically elicit: (i) automatic disgust-related memory associations; (ii) physiological disgust responsivity; and/or (iii) deliberate expression of disgust/threat. Methods., Two single target Implicit Association Task (st-IAT) and electromyography (EMG) were conducted on three groups: vaginismus (N = 24), dyspareunia (N = 24), and control (N = 31) group. Main Outcome Measures., st-IAT, to index their initial disgust-related associations and facial EMG for the m. levator labii and m. corrugator supercilii regions. Results., Both clinical groups showed enhanced automatic sex-disgust associations. As a unique physiological expression of disgust, the levator activity was specifically enhanced for the vaginismus group, when exposed to a women-friendly SEX video clip. Also at the deliberate level, specifically the vaginismus group showed enhanced subjective disgust toward SEX pictures and the SEX clip, along with higher threat responses. Conclusions., Supporting the view that disgust is involved in vaginismus and dyspareunia, for both, clinical groups' sex stimuli automatically elicited associations with disgust. Particularly for the vaginismus group, these initial disgust associations persisted during subsequent validation processes and were also evident at the level of facial expression and self-report data. Findings are consistent with the notion that uncontrollable activated associations are involved in eliciting defensive reactions at the prospect of penetration seen in both conditions. Whereas deliberate attitudes, usually linked with the desire for having intercourse, possibly generate the distinction (e.g., severity) between these two conditions. Borg C, de Jong PJ, and Schultz WW. Vaginismus and dyspareunia: Automatic vs. deliberate disgust responsivity. J Sex Med 2010;7:2149,2157. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,PEYRONIE'S DISEASE: Predicting Delay in Presentation in Men with Peyronie's DiseaseTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2010John P. Mulhall MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Many men with Peyronie's disease (PD) delay presentation to a urologist. The reasons for this are unclear. Aim., To define the differences in men who present early compared to those presenting in a delayed fashion and to determine predictors of delayed presentation. Methods., A retrospective analysis of all patients presenting for the first medical evaluation of PD. All patients underwent a standard history and physical examination and had a standardized deformity assessment. Demographic and PD parameters were recorded. Main Outcome Measures., Statistical comparison was used to define factors that were different between early and delayed presenters and multivariable analysis was used to define predictors of presentation >12 months. Results., 482 patients were analyzed, 61% presenting ,12 months, 39% >12 months. Mean patient age was 52 ± 13 years and mean duration of PD was 17 ± 30 months. Mean measured curvature was 42° ± 19°. Multivariable analysis revealed that delayed presentation patients were significantly more likely to be older (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0), to be in long-term relationships (OR = 3.6), to have dorsal curvature (OR = 2.5), to have curvature <45° (OR = 3.3), to be heterosexual (OR = 2.0), and to have simple deformity (OR = 1.5). Conclusions., One-third of men with PD presented in a delayed fashion and they tended to be older, to be in long-term relationships, to have dorsal curvature, or to have simple deformity. Mulhall JP, Alex B, and Choi JM. Predicting delay in presentation in men with Peyronie's disease. J Sex Med 2010;7:2226,2230. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,EJACULATORY DISORDERS: Baseline Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes for Men with Acquired or Lifelong Premature Ejaculation with Mild or No Erectile Dysfunction: Integrated Analyses of Two Phase 3 Dapoxetine TrialsTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2010Hartmut Porst MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Premature ejaculation (PE) is classified as an acquired or lifelong condition but data on baseline characteristics and response to treatment of men with acquired or lifelong PE and mild erectile dysfunction (ED) or normal erectile function (EF) is limited. Aim., To present integrated analyses of baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes from phase 3 dapoxetine trials in men with acquired or lifelong PE and mild or no ED. Methods., Data were analyzed from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trials (International and Asia-Pacific) that evaluated efficacy and safety of dapoxetine (30 mg or 60 mg as needed [PRN]) in patients with PE. Men were ,18 years, in a stable monogamous relationship for ,6 months, met DSM-IV-TR criteria for PE for ,6 months, had an International Index of Erectile Function EF domain score ,21, and had an intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) ,2 minutes in ,75% of intercourse episodes. Main Outcome Measures., Demographics, sexual history, and PE symptomatology at baseline, and mean IELT and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at study end (week 12), were analyzed for men with acquired or lifelong PE and mild or no ED (EF score 21,25 vs. ,26). Results., Baseline characteristics except duration of PE were similar in men with acquired and lifelong PE, with no other differentiating features by ED status. Dapoxetine treatment improved significantly mean IELT (arithmetic and geometric) and PRO responses (perceived control over ejaculation, satisfaction with sexual intercourse, ejaculation-related personal distress, and interpersonal difficulty) for acquired and lifelong subtypes, but presence of mild ED diminished PRO responsiveness in both subtypes, particularly those with lifelong PE. Conclusions., Baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes were generally similar in men with acquired and lifelong PE. The presence of mild ED appears to be associated with a more modest treatment response, irrespective of lifelong or acquired PE subtype. Porst H, McMahon CG, Althof SE, Sharlip I, Bull S, Aquilina JW, Tesfaye F, and Rivas DA. Baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes for men with acquired or lifelong premature ejaculation with mild or no erectile dysfunction: Integrated analyses of two phase 3 dapoxetine trials. J Sex Med 2010;7:2231,2242. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,BASIC SCIENCE: Acute and Repeated Flibanserin Administration in Female Rats Modulates Monoamines Differentially Across Brain Areas: A Microdialysis StudyTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010Kelly A. Allers PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is defined as persistent lack of sexual fantasies or desire marked by distress. With a prevalence of 10% it is the most common form of female sexual dysfunction. Recently, the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonist and the serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptor antagonist flibanserin were shown to be safe and efficacious in premenopausal women suffering from HSDD in phase III clinical trials. Aim., The current study aims to assess the effect of flibanserin on neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), glutamate, and ,-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brain areas associated with sexual behavior. Methods., Flibanserin was administered to female Wistar rats (280,350 g). Microdialysis probes were stereotactically inserted into the mPFC, NAC, or MPOA, under isoflurane anesthesia. The extracellular levels of neurotransmitters were assessed in freely moving animals, 24 hours after the surgery. Main Outcome Measures., Dialysate levels of DA, NE, and serotonin from medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAC), and hypothalamic medial preoptic area (MPOA) from female rats. Results., Acute flibanserin administration decreased 5-HT and increased NE levels in all tested areas. DA was increased in mPFC and MPOA, but not in the NAC. Basal levels of NE in mPFC and NAC and of DA in mPFC were increased upon repeated flibanserin administration, when compared to vehicle-treated animals. The basal levels of 5-HT were not altered by repeated flibanserin administration, but basal DA and NE levels were increased in the mPFC. Glutamate and GABA levels remained unchanged following either repeated or acute flibanserin treatment. Conclusions., Systemic administration of flibanserin to female rats differentially affects the monoamine systems of the brain. This may be the mechanistic underpinning of flibanserin's therapeutic efficacy in HSDD, as sexual behavior is controlled by an intricate interplay between stimulatory (catecholaminergic) and inhibitory (serotonergic) systems. Allers KA, Dremencov E, Ceci A, Flik G, Ferger B, Cremers TIFH, Ittrich C, and Sommer B. Acute and repeated flibanserin administration in female rats modulates monoamines differentially across brain areas: A microdialysis study. J Sex Med 2010;7:1757,1767. [source] Post-translational Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) by Estrogens in the Rat VaginaTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010Biljana Musicki PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., Estrogens control vaginal blood flow during female sexual arousal mostly through nitric oxide (NO). Although vascular effects of estrogens are attributed to an increase in endothelial NO production, the mechanisms of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) regulation by estrogens in the vagina are largely unknown. Aims., Our hypothesis was that estrogens regulate eNOS post-translationally in the vagina, providing a mechanism to affect NO bioavailability without changes in eNOS protein expression. Methods., We measured eNOS phosphorylation and eNOS interaction with caveolin-1 and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in the distal and proximal vagina of female rats at diestrus, 7 days after ovariectomy and 2 days after replacement of ovariectomized rats with estradiol-17, (15 µg). Main Outcome Measures., Molecular mechanisms of eNOS regulation by estrogen in the rat vagina. Results., We localized phospho-eNOS (Ser-1177) immunohistochemically to the endothelium lining blood vessels and vaginal sinusoids. Estrogen withdrawal decreased phosphorylation of eNOS on its positive regulatory site (Ser-1177) and increased eNOS binding to its negative regulator caveolin-1 (without affecting eNOS/HSP90 interaction), and they were both normalized by estradiol replacement. Protein expressions of phosphorylated Akt (protein kinase B) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were not affected by estrogen status, suggesting that the effect of estrogens on eNOS (Ser-1177) phosphorylation was not mediated by activated AKT or ERK1/2. eNOS phosphorylation on its negative regulatory site (Ser-114) was increased in the vagina by estrogen withdrawal and normalized by estradiol replacement, implying that the maintenance of low phosphorylation of eNOS on this site by estradiol may limit eNOS interaction with caveolin-1 and preserve the enzyme's activity. Total eNOS, inducible NOS, caveolin-1, and HSP90 protein expressions were not affected by ovariectomy or estradiol replacement in the distal or proximal vagina. Conclusions., These results define novel estrogen signaling mechanisms in the vagina which involve eNOS phosphorylation and eNOS,caveolin-1 interaction. Musicki B, Liu T, Strong TD, Lagoda GA, Bivalacqua TJ, and Burnett AL. Post-translational regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by estrogens in the rat vagina. J Sex Med 2010;7:1768,1777. [source] Body Mass Index But Not Pulse Pressure Is Associated with Lesser Penile,Vaginal Intercourse Frequency in Healthy Young MenTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010Stuart Brody PhD ABSTRACT Introduction., A growing literature links aspects of sexual and cardiovascular function. Recent research revealed that pulse pressure (systolic minus diastolic) was associated with poorer erectile function (and hypogonadism) in male patients with erectile dysfunction. It is unclear to what degree pulse pressure (and body mass index) would be associated with aspects of sexual function in a younger, healthy sample (controlling for possible confounders). Aims., To examine the associations of frequency of specific sexual behaviors with both resting pulse pressure and body mass index. Methods., Sixty-five healthy young men (mean age 25.2 ± 4.6 years) had their resting blood pressure, weight, and height recorded, and reported the frequency of their various sexual activities. Main Outcome Measures., Correlations of pulse pressure with different sexual behaviors (univariate and adjusted for possible confounding variables including age, mean blood pressure, body mass index, social desirability responding score, and cohabitation status). Results., For these healthy young men, on univariate and adjusted analyses, pulse pressure was not significantly associated with frequencies of penile,vaginal intercourse, other partnered sexual activity, or masturbation. In contrast, body mass index was associated with lesser frequency of penile,vaginal intercourse but not other sexual behaviors. Conclusions., The association of pulse pressure with sexual function previously observed in older men was not observed in this younger healthy sample. Other measures of arterial stiffness might be indicated in a healthy young population. Even within the normal range and adjusted for possible confounders, increasing body mass index (a rough proxy for body fat) is associated with reduced frequency of specifically penile,vaginal intercourse, which might be a result of some combination of characterological and hormonal factors. Brody S. Body mass index but not pulse pressure is associated with lesser penile,vaginal intercourse frequency in healthy young men. J Sex Med 2010;7:1853,1857. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,ED PHARMACOTHERAPY: Efficacy and Tolerability of Lodenafil Carbonate for Oral Therapy of Erectile Dysfunction: A Phase III Clinical TrialTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010Sidney Glina MD ABSTRACT Introduction., This is a phase III, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on lodenafil carbonate (LC), a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor developed in Brazil. Aim., Expanding information on LC efficacy and safety. Main Outcome Measures., International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) erectile domain, positive answers to the sexual encounter profile (SEP)-2 and SEP-3 questions and incidence of adverse events (AEs). Methods., A total of 350 men with erectile dysfunction (ED) of all degrees were randomized to placebo, LC 40 mg or LC 80 mg and followed for 4 weeks. They completed the IIEF and answered the SEP questions 2 and 3 after each intercourse without and with the use of LC. Results., IIEF Erectile Domain scores without and with the use of medication were the following (mean [M] ± standard deviation [SD]): placebo = 13.9 ± 5.2 and 14.8 ± 7.8; LC 40 mg = 13.6 ± 5.3 and 18.6 ± 8.0; LC 80 mg = 13.4 ± 4.9 and 20.6 ± 7.7 (analysis of variance [anova]P < 0.01). Positive answers to SEP-2 without and with the use of medication were the following (M ± SD): placebo = 55.3 ± 43.2% and 52.1 ± 41.4%; LC 40 mg = 46.4 ± 44.3% and 63.5 ± 42.0%; LC 80 mg = 50.2 ± 40.9% and 80.8 ± 32.3% (anovaP < 0.01). Positive answers to SEP-3 were the following: placebo = 20.2 ± 32.3% and 29.7 ± 38.1%; LC 40 mg = 19.6 ± 34.3% and 50.8 ± 44.4%; LC 80 mg = 20.8 ± 33.2% and 66.0 ± 39.3% (anovaP < 0.01). The patients with at least one AE were placebo = 28.7%, LC 40 mg = 40.9%, and LC 80 mg = 49.5%. AEs whose incidence was significantly higher with LC than with placebo included rhinitis, headache, flushing, visual disorder, and dizziness. Conclusions., LC showed a satisfactory efficacy,safety profile for oral therapy of ED. Glina S, Fonseca GN, Bertero EB, Damião R, Rocha LCA, Jardim CRF, Cairoli CE, Teloken C, Torres LO, Faria GE, da Silva MB, and Pagani E. Efficacy and tolerability of lodenafil carbonate for oral therapy of erectile dysfunction: A phase III clinical trial. J Sex Med 2010;7:1928,1936. [source] Efficacy of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Treatment in Men with Erectile Dysfunction and Dyslipidemia: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Vardenafil Statin StudyTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010Martin M. Miner MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Dyslipidemia occurs often in subjects with erectile dysfunction (ED), but there is little information about how this condition affects ED treatment responses. Aim., To determine whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio; or the presence of metabolic syndrome influenced efficacy of vardenafil in men with ED and dyslipidemia. Methods., Post hoc subgroup analysis of a 12-week study of the influence of lipid levels and presence of metabolic syndrome on the efficacy of vardenafil as measured by International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) domain score, responses to Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) SEP2 and SEP3 questions, duration of erection leading to successful intercourse, and erection duration regardless of the answer to SEP3. Lipid values were obtained at study start, after patients had received at least 3 months of therapy with a statin. Main Outcome Measures., Outcomes in subjects with LDL-C <100, ,100 to <130, or ,130 mg/dL [<2.59, ,2.59 to <3.36, or ,3.36 mmol/L]; TC/HDL-C ratio <3.5 vs. ,3.5, and presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. Results., Vardenafil improved all endpoints evaluated compared with placebo in all subgroups, however, nominally significant treatment by subgroup interaction terms did not follow a distinct pattern. Increasing LDL-C (P = 0.033), but not TC/HDL-C ratio or metabolic syndrome, was associated with an increase in treatment response measured by the IIEF-EF domain score. Responses to SEP3 were nominally influenced by LDL-C levels (P = 0.019), but were not significantly influenced by TC/HDL-C ratio, or the metabolic syndrome. Only higher TC/HDL-C ratios (,3.5) were associated with larger treatment differences in duration of erection leading to successful intercourse (P = 0.028). Conclusions., Vardenafil was effective in men with dyslipidemia regardless of LDL-C levels, TC/HDL-C ratio, and/or presence of metabolic syndrome. Despite the known presence of ED and dyslipidemia, other cardiovascular risk factors were apparently not aggressively managed. Miner MM, Barnes A, and Janning S. Efficacy of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor treatment in men with erectile dysfunction and dyslipidemia: A post hoc analysis of the vardenafil statin study. J Sex Med 2010;7:1937,1947. [source] ORIGINAL ARTICLES: Definitions/Epidemiology/Risk Factors for Sexual DysfunctionTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 4pt2 2010Ronald W. Lewis MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Accurate estimates of prevalence/incidence are important in understanding the true burden of male and female sexual dysfunction and in identifying risk factors for prevention efforts. This is the summary of the report by the International Consultation Committee for Sexual Medicine on Definitions/Epidemiology/Risk Factors for Sexual Dysfunction. Aim., The main aim of this article is to provide a general overview of the definitions of sexual dysfunction for men and women, the incidence and prevalence rates, and a description of the risk factors identified in large population-based studies. Methods., Literature regarding definitions, descriptive and analytical epidemiology of sexual dysfunction in men and women were selected using evidence-based criteria. For descriptive epidemiological studies, a Prins score of 10 or higher was utilized to identify population-based studies with adequately stringent criteria. This report represents the opinions of eight experts from five countries developed in a consensus process and encompassing a detailed literature review over a 2-year period. Main Outcome Measures., The study aims to provide state-of-the-art prevalence and incidence rates reported for each dysfunction and stratified by age and gender. Expert opinion was based on the grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate. Results., A wealth of information is presented on erectile dysfunction, its development through time, and its correlates. The field is still in need of more epidemiological studies on the other men's sexual dysfunction and on all women's sexual dysfunctions. Conclusions., A review of the currently available evidence from epidemiological studies is provided. Lewis RW, Fugl-Meyer KS, Corona G, Hayes RD, Laumann EO, Moreira ED Jr., Rellini AH, and Segraves T. Definitions/Epidemiology/Risk Factors for Sexual Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010;7:1598,1607. [source] | ||||||||||