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Macular Area (macular + area)
Selected AbstractsCorrelation of fundus autofluorescence with photoreceptor morphology and functional changes in eyes with retinitis pigmentosaACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 5 2010Taku Wakabayashi Abstract. Purpose:, To assess and correlate fundus autofluorescence (FAF) characteristics with photoreceptor morphology and functional features in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods:, Thirty-four eyes of 17 patients with RP were examined. We compared FAF images obtained by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy with Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and retinal function assessed by microperimetry. Results:, Normal FAF surrounded by a ring of increased FAF at the macular area was detected in 32 (94%) eyes. The diameter of the normal FAF was correlated significantly with the preserved area of the photoreceptor inner segment and outer segment (IS/OS) junction on SD-OCT (R = 0.939, p < 0.001). The area outside the ring was associated with loss of IS/OS junction and external limiting membrane (ELM). The ring of increased FAF demarcated the border between the central retina with preservation of the IS/OS junction and ELM, and the adjacent eccentric retina with loss of these bands. In two eyes of one patient, there was no preservation of normal FAF at the macula and the photoreceptor IS/OS junction was not detected on SD-OCT. The mean retinal sensitivity derived from microperimetry was correlated significantly with the area of normal FAF (R = 0.929, p = 0.007) and the preserved area of the IS/OS junction (R = 0.851, p = 0.032). Ten eyes had progressive reduction in size of the normal FAF inside the ring accompanied by decreased area of preserved IS/OS during 3.1 years. Conclusion:, FAF appears to reflect the integrity of the photoreceptor layer. It may serve as a secondary outcome measure for novel therapeutic strategies for RP. [source] Optical coherence tomography is helpful in the diagnosis of foveal hypoplasiaACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 4 2010Gerd Holmström Abstract. Purpose:, To investigate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) is helpful in the diagnosis of foveal hypoplasia in children. Methods:, Children with albinism and aniridia were examined with Stratus OCT 3 software 4.0.1 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA). A qualitative examination of the macular area was performed with a 128 A-scans/second-single-scan. Macular thickness was measured quantitatively with an automatic fast macular map protocol. The average thickness/volume of the macula was presented as numerical values and as a false colour code in nine modified early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) areas (A1,A9). A previously collected control group of children was used for comparison. Results:, Macular thickness in 13 children with albinism and three children with aniridia was measured with OCT. Comparison with healthy children in the same population was performed. Patients with albinism and aniridia had significantly thicker central macula (A1) and foveola than children in the control group. Conclusion:, OCT was found to be useful in the diagnosis of foveal hypoplasia in children. [source] Macular appearance after diabetic vitrectomy for fibrovascular proliferation: an optical coherence tomography studyACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2 2010Chung-May Yang Abstract. Purpose:, To investigate morphological variations in the macular area with optical coherence tomography (OCT) after vitrectomy for diabetic fibrovascular proliferation. Methods:, We reviewed 108 cases using OCT 7,15 months after vitrectomy. Of these, 32 received OCT within 3 months postoperatively. Morphological variations were categorized and correlated with visual outcome. Results:, Only 24 cases (21.4%) had no obvious abnormalities. The most frequent findings were epiretinal membrane (52.8%), macular thickening (37.0%) and macular cysts (28.7%). Multivariate regression showed that diffuse macular thickening, loss of foveal depression and diffuse retinal thinning were significantly associated with poor visual acuity. Sequential OCT (< 3 and , 7 months) revealed that epiretinal membrane and oedema outside of fovea changed significantly between two examinations. Conclusion:, OCT may identify diverse morphological changes in the macular area after diabetic vitrectomy for fibrovascular proliferation. Macular appearance may change over time, and certain types of morphological changes may be associated with poor visual function. [source] Temporal changes in retinal thickness after removal of the epiretinal membraneACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 4 2009Hitoshi Aso Abstract. Purpose:, We aimed to study the temporal aspects of the postoperative reduction of retinal thickness in eyes with epiretinal membrane after vitrectomy with peeling of the epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane. Methods:, In a retrospective study performed as a non-comparative, interventional case series, 16 eyes from 15 patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane who underwent vitrectomy and removal of the epiretinal membrane were followed up using optical coherence tomography measurements. Retinal thickness in the macular area was assessed by the foveal thickness and macular volume in a circle 6 mm in diameter. Results:, Scattergrams of the foveal thickness and macular volume were best fitted with exponential curves. The average time constants of the exponential curve for foveal thickness and macular volume changes were 31 days (range 4,109 days) and 36 days (range 5,100 days), respectively. The average expected final values for foveal thickness and macular volume were 334 ,m (range 206,408 ,m) and 7.53 mm3 (range 6.57,8.66 mm3), respectively, which were significantly greater than those in normal controls (p < 0.0001, t -test). Conclusions:, Retinal thickness decreases rapidly immediately after surgical removal of the epiretinal membrane and the reduction rate gradually slows thereafter. Approximation of the exponential curve provides an estimation of final retinal thickness after surgical removal of the epiretinal membrane; final thickness is expected to be greater than in normal eyes. [source] Function of macular area in retinopathy of prematurityACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2007AM SHAMSHINOVA Purpose: To assess the bioelectric activity of the retina at different stages of the retinopathy of prematurity (RP). Methods: 21 children with RoP (stage 1-4, 6-14 years old, born at 27-32 week of gestation with the birth weight of 730-1800g) were examined. In 4 of children the prophylactic laser coagulation of avascular retina was performed in the active phase. Visual acuity (VA) at the stage 1 of RoP amounted to 0,75; at the stage 2: 0,5; at the stage 3: 0,25 and at the stage 4: 0,02. Macular (MBN Moscow) and mf ERG( Roland Concult Germany) were examined. Results: There was no correlation between VA values and parameters of multifocal (mf) and macular (m) ERG. Patients with RP of stage1 showed a moderate reduction of b-wave magnitude of mERG at its normal latency. This correlated with mfERG data in central hexagons 15 degrees. The magnitude and latency of mERG were changed to a great extent in RP patients of stages 2-3. The waves N1 and P1 of mERG were also heavily decreased at normal latency. The patients with severe retinal abnormalities, like retinal detachment, have subnormal mERG-values with prolonged latency, and moderate decrease of retinal density in the central ring and considerable changes with eccentricity in mfERG. Conclusions: RP patients 1-4 stages showed considerable impairment of macular function independent of the ophthalmoscopic changes. Even occult or weak-manifested of the diseases in the macula might be accompanied with the moderate decrease of macular bioelectric activity, including the abrupt abnormalities of the electrogenesis and neuronal interactions in the macular area. Decline VA d'not always had relation with RP. The pathophysiologic rationale of the latter needs to be elucidated in the future studies. [source] Subretinal pigment dispersion following transpupillary thermotherapy for choroidal melanomaACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 4 2002Hayyam Kiratli ABSTRACT. Purpose:, To report the case of a patient who developed considerable subretinal pigment/debris dispersion following transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). This type of tumour response is extremely rare with this relatively new therapeutic modality. Methods:, A 50-year-old man with a left juxtapapillary choroidal melanoma measuring 8 × 6 × 4.3 mm was treated with 810 nm diode laser TTT administered in two sessions. Spot size was 3 mm and the power setting was 450 mW. Results:, Four months after the first treatment session, a considerable amount of pigment/debris was seen to have dispersed in the subretinal space, accumulating mainly in the macular area. Over a 12-month follow-up, the tumour showed progressive shrinkage without any change in the amount or location of the shed pigment/debris. No new tumour formation, recurrence or systemic metastases were detected. Conclusion:, Subretinal pigment/debris dispersion is an unusual complication after TTT and requires close follow-up. There has been no short-term compromise on the life or visual acuity of this patient. [source] Methods for detecting age-related maculopathy: a comparison between photographic and clinical assessmentCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 5 2000Gabriella Tikellis GradDip ABSTRACT Purpose: To examine the sensitivity, specificity and overall agreement between photographic and clinical assessment in detecting age-related maculopathy (ARM) features in the context of an epidemiological study, the Vitamin E, Cataract and Age-related Maculopathy Study (VECAT). Methods: A total of 1204 volunteers aged between 55 and 80 years of age, who were enrolled in the VECAT Study, had both slit-lamp biomicroscopy examination and fundus photos taken as part of the baseline ophthalmic examination. The Nidek 3-DX fundus camera (Nidek, Gamagori, Japan) was used to produce paired, one-framed, coloured, 15° stereoslides of the macular area at a fixed angle. An International Classification and Grading System for Age-related Maculopathy and Age-related Macular Degeneration was used to grade the stereoslides. Agreement in the detection of drusen, pigment abnormalities, and late stage ARM features was assessed using unweighted kappa statistic. Cases of disagreement were verified using clinical data records, grading documentation and the review of stereoslides. Results: Macula status was available for 2386 eyes. For drusen of size < 63 ,m, sensitivity was 47%, specificity was 68% with a kappa value of 0.20. For drusen , 125 ,m, sensitivity and specificity were , 81%. Kappa values ranged from 0.56 to 0.71. Levels of agreement for pigment abnormalities and late ARM were in the substantial range (i.e. kappa values from 0.70 to 1.00). Conclusions: Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was found to be comparable to photograding (using the Nidek 3-DX fundus camera) for detecting features pertaining to ARM. However, given the objectivity and permanency of stereoslides, photograding is still the more reliable and the preferred system of assessing ARM in the context of an epidemiological study. [source] Extensive xanthelasma associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma and hyperimmunoglobulin E syndromeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 12 2003Mi-Woo Lee MD A 57-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of an extensively spreading, yellowish patch on the periorbital areas and cheeks. A diagnosis of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome had been made at the age of 22 years on the basis of an eczematous eruption, recurrent furunculosis, and a persistently elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) level. Her past medical history revealed that she had suffered from numerous recurrent bouts of chronic sinusitis, otitis media, oral candidiasis, orbital cellulitis, acne rosacea, and pneumonia caused by cytomegalovirus since her twenties. In addition, 1 year ago, anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the cervical lymph node (stage IIIb) developed, and she received six cycles of cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,prednisolone (CHOP) chemotherapy with partial remission. None of her family had any of these problems. Cutaneous examination showed extensive, symmetric, noninfiltrated macular areas of distinct yellow discoloration around the eyes and on both cheeks (Fig. 1). There were also erythematous papulonodular eruptions on the nose and both cheeks, which were thought to be acne rosacea. Laboratory findings were normal, except for an elevated IgE level (8157 IU/mL). Serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM were normal. Serum complement levels were normal, as evidenced by normal C3, C4, and CH50. Although she had a previous history of a decreased level (12%) of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test (control, 53%), NBT test at our institute was normal. Neutrophil function tests, including neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil phagocytosis, neutrophil respiratory burst, and neutrophil microbial killing test, by flow cytometry, showed normal results. The serum lipid levels, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, were normal. Serum lipoprotein electrophoresis was normal. A biopsy specimen revealed scattered foamy cells throughout the dermis. The larger clusters of foamy cells tended to group around the blood vessels of the dermis (Fig. 2). Figure 1. Extensively distributed, yellowish, flat xanthelasma on the face Figure 2. Clusters of foamy cells around the blood vessels of the dermis (hematoxylin and eosin, ×400) [source] Neonatal MRI in preterm infants with periventricular leukomalacia and mild disabilityPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2009Hideo Jinnou Abstract Background:, The aim of the present study was to describe the neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of preterm infants with periventricular leukomalacia and mild neurological disability. Methods:, MRI findings at term equivalent were retrospectively investigated in eight preterm infants with mild disability and periventricular leukomalacia diagnosed on MRI in infancy. Results:, Linear, spotted, or macular areas of hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging and hypointensity on T2-weighted imaging were identified in all subjects in the white matter lateral to the body of the lateral ventricle. No cystic lesions were seen. These findings were more widespread and more clearly visualized on T2-weighted imaging than T1-weighted imaging. Conclusions:, Linear, spotted, or macular lesions that are hyperintense on T1-weighted imaging and hypointense on T2-weighted imaging are possibly compatible with periventricular leukomalacia. [source] | ||||||||||