Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Macroscopic Appearance (macroscopic + appearance)
Selected AbstractsCOLORECTAL INVOLVEMENT OF KAPOSI'S SARCOMA IN A HIV-NEGATIVE CASEDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2 2008Mehmet Bektas A case of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in a 70-year-old man who was using corticosteroid for the treatment of asthma is presented. KS lesions occurred in the skin, colon, and rectum. Macroscopic appearances of the lesions varied from polypoid, hemorrhagic mucosal nodules and ulcers to red macules in the mucosal plane to plaque-like indurations of the wall. As the case was HIV negative, it is believed that KS developed due to corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression. [source] Prognostic indicators of gastric carcinoma confined to the muscularis propriaHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2007H Son Aims:, Gastric carcinoma confined to the muscularis propria (MPGC) is considered an intermediate-stage carcinoma. A method of discriminating between more favourable and less favourable prognostic groups of this entity is critically needed in dealing with this heterogeneous disease. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between survival of patients with MPGC and its various clinicopathological parameters. Methods and results:, Various clinicopathological parameters were studied in 171 tissue samples including: macroscopic appearance, size, age, sex, stage, invasion depth, Lauren and Ming classifications, extent, lymphatic emboli and nodal metastasis. Tumours macroscopically resembling early gastric cancers, younger patient age, absence of lymphatic tumour emboli and lower stage were significantly associated with better prognosis of MPGC by univariate analysis. Tumours macroscopically resembling early gastric cancers, younger patient age and Lauren's diffuse type were significantly associated with a better prognosis of MPGC by multivariate analysis. Conclusions:, These indicators are practical parameters for predicting patient prognosis in clinical practice. The description of these parameters should be carefully noted in the final report and pathologists should evaluate the macroscopic appearance of MPGC. [source] Reconstructing impairment of secretory ameloblast function in porcine teeth by analysis of morphological alterations in dental enamelJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 1 2006Carsten Witzel Abstract We studied the relationship between the macroscopic appearance of hypoplastic defects in the dental enamel of wild boar and domestic pigs, and microstructural enamel changes, at both the light and the scanning electron microscopic levels. Deviations from normal enamel microstructure were used to reconstruct the functional and related morphological changes of the secretory ameloblasts caused by the action of stress factors during amelogenesis. The deduced reaction pattern of the secretory ameloblasts can be grouped in a sequence of increasingly severe impairments of cell function. The reactions ranged from a slight enhancement of the periodicity of enamel matrix secretion, over a temporary reduction in the amount of secreted enamel matrix, with reduction of the distal portion of the Tomes' process, to either a temporary or a definite cessation of matrix formation. The results demonstrate that analysis of structural changes in dental enamel allows a detailed reconstruction of the reaction of secretory ameloblasts to stress events, enabling an assessment of duration and intensity of these events. Analysing the deviations from normal enamel microstructure provides a deeper insight into the cellular changes underlying the formation of hypoplastic enamel defects than can be achieved by mere inspection of tooth surface characteristics alone. [source] Macroscopic Characteristics of Screwdriver TraumaJOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 6 2007Alexandra M. Croft M.Sc. Abstract:, The main objective of the study was to determine the type of macroscopic trauma created by a flat-tipped and a cross-tipped screwdriver. The second objective was to determine if the trauma inflicted by the two screwdrivers could be macroscopically differentiated. Three tests were conducted, each by a male volunteer. Each test consisted of 12 samples of fleshed pig ribs; six were stabbed with a flat-tipped screwdriver and the remaining six with a cross-tipped screwdriver (Phillips®). Each sample received 15 stab wounds during the process. The stabbings were conducted at perpendicular and oblique angles, with fabric variables being utilized. Results illustrate two main categories of macroscopic skeletal trauma, fractures, and puncture wounds. By studying the macroscopic appearance in tandem with differing trauma frequencies, these two screwdriver types can be differentiated. [source] Clinicopathological features of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: A comparison with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma without a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma componentJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 7 2001Toru Hiyama Abstract Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to clinicopathologically distinguish the pathogenesis of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma without a MALT lymphoma component (DLL). Methods: We investigated clinicopathological features of these gastric lymphomas including age, sex ratio, tumor location and depth, macroscopic appearance, and infection with Helicobacter pylori of these gastric lymphomas and hepatitis viruses in 24 patients with gastric low-grade MALT lymphoma, 10 patients with high-grade MALT lymphoma, and 19 patients with DLL. The frequency of H. pylori infection in lymphoma patients was compared with that in age- and sex-matched control subjects. Results: There was a predominance of females with MALT lymphoma (male to female ratio, 8/16 for low-grade MALT lymphomas and 1/9 for high-grade MALT lymphomas), and there was a predominance of males with DLL (male to female ratio, 13/6); the ratios differed significantly (P < 0.05). Ninety-two percent of low-grade MALT lymphomas and 80% of high-grade MALT lymphomas were confined to the mucosal and submucosal layers, but lymphoma cells invaded the muscular layer or more deeply in 74% of DLL. Helicobacter pylori infection occurred significantly more often in patients with low-grade MALT lymphoma than in age- and sex-matched controls (96 vs 67%, P < 0.01). Conversely, the frequency of H. pylori infection in DLL patients did not differ from that in controls. Conclusions: These data suggest that H. pylori infection may be associated with the development of gastric MALT lymphoma, but not DLL, and that MALT lymphoma and DLL may have a different pathogenesis. [source] Repair of porcine articular cartilage defect with autologous chondrocyte transplantationJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2005Hongsen Chiang Abstract Articular cartilage is known to have poor healing capacity after injury. Autologous chondral grafting remains the mainstay to treat well-defined, full-thickness, symptomatic cartilage defects. We demonstrated the utilization of gelatin microbeads to deliver autologous chondrocytes for in vivo cartilage generation. Chondrocytes were harvested from the left forelimbs of 12 Lee-Sung pigs. The cells were expanded in monolayer culture and then seeded onto gelatin microbeads or left in monolayer. Shortly before implantation, the cell-laden beads were mixed with collagen type I gel, while the cells in monolayer culture were collected and re-suspended in culture medium. Full-thickness cartilage defects were surgically created in the weight-bearing surface of the femoral condyles of both knees, covered by periosteal patches taken from proximal tibia, and sealed with a porcine fibrin glue. In total, 48 condyles were equally allotted to experimental, control, and null groups that were filled beneath the patch with chondrocyte-laden beads in gel, chondrocytes in plain medium solution, or nothing, respectively. The repair was examined 6 months post-surgery on the basis of macroscopic appearance, histological scores based on the International Cartilage Repair Society Scale, and the proportion of characteristic chondrocytes. Tensile stress-relaxation behavior was determined from uniaxial indentation tests. The experimental group scored higher than the control group in the categories of matrix nature, cell distribution pattern, and absence of mineralization, with similar surface smoothness. Both the experimental and control groups were superior to the null group in the above-mentioned categories. Viable cell populations were equal in all groups, but the proportion of characteristic chondrocytes was highest in the experimental group. Matrix stiffness was ranked as null > native cartilage > control > experimental group. Transplanted autologous chondrocytes survive and could yield hyaline-like cartilage. The application of beads and gel for transplantation helped to retain the transferred cells in situ and maintain a better chondrocyte phenotype. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [source] Chondrocyte viability in press-fit cryopreserved osteochondral allograftsJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2004Madhura D. Gole Abstract The viability of chondrocytes in press-fit glycerol-preserved osteochondral allografts was compared to that in fresh autografts, after transplantation into load-bearing and non-load-bearing sites in mature sheep stifle joints. We used macroscopic grading, tonometer pen indentation testing, histology, sulfate uptake and viability as determined by confocal-microscopy to assess cartilage condition. Despite there being no statistical differences between macroscopic appearance and tonometer testing of all grafts, confocal microscopy and histology demonstrated a positive effect of load-bearing placement on cryopreserved osteochondral allografts. Allografts transplanted into load-bearing sites demonstrated superior confocal microscopy-measured chondrocyte viability (77% ± 17%SD) than those transplanted into non-load-bearing sites (25%±2%). Load-bearing effect was not seen in autografts (78%±15%), and was comparable in adjacent cartilage (83%±9%). Similarly, load-bearing allografts demonstrated histological scoring closer to that of autografts and adjacent cartilage, all of which fared significantly better than non-load-bearing allografts. Load-bearing allografts had a greater amount of fibrocartilage than autografts or adjacent cartilage but less fibrocartilage than non-load-bearing allografts. Both autografts and allografts had non-significant increases in metabolism compared to adjacent cartilage as measured by sulfate-uptake. Load-bearing placement improved chondrocyte viability of glycerol cryopreserved osteochondral allograft following a press-fit implantation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All on behalf of orthopaedic Research Society. [source] Indentation testing of human cartilage: Sensitivity to articular surface degenerationARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 12 2003Won C. Bae Objective To determine, for clinical indentation testing of human articular cartilage, the effects of aging and degeneration on indentation stiffness and traditional indices of cartilage degeneration; the relationship between indentation stiffness and indices of degeneration; and the sensitivity and specificity of indentation stiffness to cartilage degeneration. Methods Osteochondral cores from femoral condyles of cadaveric human donors were harvested. Samples were distributed into experimental groups based on donor age (young [20,39 years], middle [40,59 years], and old [,60 years]), and a macroscopic articular surface appearance that was either normal or mildly degenerate, without deep erosion. Samples were analyzed for indentation stiffness, cartilage thickness, India ink staining (quantitated as the reflected light score), and Mankin-Shapiro histopathology score. Results Indentation stiffness, India ink staining, and the histopathology score each varied markedly between normal-sample and degenerate-sample groups but varied relatively little between normal samples obtained from different age groups. A decrease in indentation stiffness (softening) correlated with a decrease in the reflectance score and an increase in the overall histopathology score, especially the surface irregularity component of the histopathology score. Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that the indentation testing could accurately detect cartilage degeneration as indicated by macroscopic appearance, India ink staining, and histopathology score. Conclusion The indentation stiffness of the normal to mildly degenerate samples tested in this study was sensitive to mild degeneration at the articular surface and was insensitive to changes associated with normal aging or to slight variations in cartilage thickness. This suggests that indentation testing may be a useful clinical tool for the evaluation of early-stage degenerative changes in articular cartilage. [source] Topical treatment of perianal eczema with tacrolimus 0·1%BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2009J. Schauber Summary Background, Perianal eczema is an inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence in most industrialized countries. As general practitioners and dermatologists frequently see patients with perianal eczema the need for efficient, fast and safe therapies is high. Topical calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus (FK506) ameliorate cutaneous inflammation and associated pruritus in an array of inflammatory dermatoses. Objectives, To investigate the effect of topical tacrolimus in perianal eczema. Methods, Twenty-four patients with perianal eczema were treated with tacrolimus 0·1% ointment twice daily on the affected skin area for 2 weeks. Results, All returning patients showed clinical improvement as assessed by macroscopic appearance and clinical score (modified SCORAD index). Conclusions, In this short-term trial we demonstrate that topical tacrolimus 0·1% is safe, efficient and well tolerated in patients with perianal eczema irrespective of the underlying cause. [source] Increased Apoptosis Associated with Depressed Type of Early Intestinal Gastric CancerCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 11 2001Manabu Masutani Early gastric cancer can be macroscopically classified into elevated and depressed types. To clarify the relationship between macroscopic appearance of early gastric cancer and apoptosis or cell proliferation, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 44 intestinal-type early gastric cancers were investigated by the TUNEL method and immunohistochemical techniques. Diffuse type was excluded in this study. When tissue sections of gastric cancer were vertically classified into the 3 compartments of laminar, intermediate and basal, the apoptosis index (%) was significantly higher in the basal compartment of depressed type (1.76±2.04, mean±SD) than in the basal compartment of elevated type (0.63±0.81, P=0.01). In depressed type, the apoptosis index (%) was significantly higher in the basal compartment than in the luminar compartment (0.76 ±0.85, P=0.03). Apoptosis-inducing protein, Bax, was expressed more in each of the compartments of depressed type than in those of elevated type, while there were no significant differences in expression of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, between the two types. Moreover, the apoptosis index (%) of Bax-positive gastric cancer was significantly higher in the basal compartment (P=0.03), compared to that of Bax-negative gastric cancer, while there were no significant differences in apoptosis index (%) in any compartment between Bcl-2-positive and Bcl-2-negative gastric cancers. There were no significant differences in Ki-67 expression, either between the two types, or among the compartments of depressed type. These results indicate that increased apoptosis with excessive expression of Bax in the basal compartment is involved in the morphogenesis of the depressed type in intestinal-type early gastric cancer. [source] | |||||||||||||